共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 203 毫秒
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研究大豆叶片对~3H-MET的吸收、运转、分配规律及MET对大豆吸收~(32)P的影响表明,~3H-MET叶面施用很快被大豆吸收,施后1小时吸收量占施用量的39.17％,3小时为51.26％,6小时达61.21％,此后随着施用时间的延长。吸收能力逐渐降低,48小时达66.37％;叶片吸收的~3H-MET基本上滞留于原处理部位,占叶片吸收量的97％左右,向植株其它部位输出较少,而且主要向处理叶上部的茎和叶运转。MET叶面喷施能提高大豆植株对~(32)P的吸收和增加单株干重。 相似文献
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花生叶圆片通过主动吸收和被动吸收方式吸收~(14)C-蔗糖。BA处理提高花生叶圆片对~(14)C-蔗糖的总吸收量,主要在于增加了细胞质和液泡的主动吸收和被动吸收量。BA处理促进库叶积累~(14)C-蔗糖和从标记叶(源叶)输出~(14)C-蔗糖。BA处理对花生叶片光合速率和叶绿素含量无明显影响,它的作用在于促进库叶对~(14)C-蔗糖的吸收和~(14)C-蔗糖从库叶韧皮部的卸出。 相似文献
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利用系统发育和根系形态不同的大豆与小麦,采用盆栽试验,研究了不同添加量铬对两种作物生长及铬吸收和转运的影响,并对两种作物铬耐受能力进行比较。结果表明,当土壤铬含量大于287.9 mg/kg(添加量为250 mg/kg)时,大豆植株生长变慢,无豆荚产生,且后期易枯萎死亡;大豆根系铬含量和富集系数超过小麦,而转移系数随铬添加量增加而逐渐降低,说明大豆对土壤中铬胁迫的耐性低于小麦;小麦籽粒铬含量超过规定的临界值。在土壤铬含量小于287.9 mg/kg时,小麦根系铬浓度和富集系数高于大豆,小麦根系比大豆具有更强的铬吸收能力;大豆茎叶富集系数高于小麦。 相似文献
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植物氮素循环过程及其根域调控机制 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
植物对氮素的吸收与平衡能力是反映其生理状况的一个重要指标。根系吸收的NO3-和NH4 进入根细胞以后,可随蒸腾流由木质部导管运到植株地上部,运移到地上部的氮素除了参与生理代谢外,部分氮素又以氨基酸的形态通过韧皮部向根部转运。在概述根系对氮素吸收能力、不同氮素形态的吸收机理及其模拟模型、氮素在植物体内循环调控机理的基础上,分析了根域环境对植物体内氮素循环的影响机理,深入研究植物氮素循环过程对于阐明氮素高效利用机理具有重要意义,为植被恢复重建和生产力改善提供科学依据。 相似文献
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用相转移催化法标记合成了植物生长延缓剂1-对氯苯基-2-[(5-(14)~C)-1,2,4-三唑-1-基]4,4-二甲戊-3-醇((14)~C-多效唑)。其步骤包括在相转移催化剂PEG800的存在下,(5-(14)~C)-1,2,4-三唑与一氯片呐酮在乙酸乙酯溶液中反应,生成(5-(14)~C)-α-三唑基片呐酮,后者在苯溶液中再与对氯氯苄反应,生成(14)~C-三唑酮,最后在甲醇溶液中用硼氢化钠还原得到(14)~C-多效唑。其总放化收率为20.9％(以(14)~C-三唑计),放化纯度大于99％。 相似文献
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以14C为示踪剂,用14CO2+CO2法对2年生黄柏进行半株标记,在主干上环状剥去韧皮部,以塑料薄膜包裹,燃烧法制样、液体闪烁测量法测14C活度。结果表明,未剥皮黄柏韧皮部的14C同化物运输速率为52.0cm/h,3h左右同化物从树冠运输到根系,树冠不同部位的功能叶14C同化物分配为:中部功能叶>上部功能叶>下部功能叶;剥皮后,同化物分配规律改变为:上部功能叶>中部功能叶>下部功能叶;剥皮第15天在新生韧皮部、剥口下方的树皮及根系中检测到14C同化物,表明新生韧皮部的生理功能得到恢复。 相似文献
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The quantity and quality of peanut yields are seriously compromised by consecutive monoculture in the subtropical regions of China. Root exudates, which represent a growth regulator in peanut–soil feedback processes, play a principal role in soil sickness. The growth inhibition of a species in an in vitro bioassay enriched with root exudates and allelochemicals is commonly viewed as evidence of an allelopathic interaction. However, for some of these putative examples of allelopathy, the results have not been verified in more natural settings with plants continuously growing in soil. In this study, the phenolic acids in peanut root exudates, their retention characteristics in an Udic Ferrosol, and their effects on rhizosphere soil microbial communities and peanut seedling growth were studied. Phenolic acids from peanut root exudates were quickly metabolized by soil microorganisms and did not accumulate to high levels. The peanut root exudates selectively inhibited or stimulated certain communal bacterial and fungal species, with decreases in the relative abundance of the bacterial taxa Gelria glutamica, Mitsuaria chitosanitabida, and Burkholderia soli and the fungal taxa Mortierella sp. and Geminibasidium hirsutum and increases in the relative abundance of the bacterial taxon Desulfotomaculum ruminis and the fungal taxa Fusarium oxysporum, Bionectria ochroleuca and Phoma macrostoma. The experimental application of phenolic acids to non-sterile and sterile soil revealed that the poor performance of the peanut plants was attributed to changes in the soil microbial communities promoted by phenolic acids. These results suggest that pathogenic fungal accumulation at the expense of such beneficial microorganisms as plant growth promoting rhizobacteria, mycorrhizal fungi induced by root exudates, rather than direct autotoxicity induced by root exudates, might represent the principal cause underlying the soil sickness associated with peanut plants. We hope that our study will motivate researchers to integrate the role of soil microbial communities in allelopathic research, such that their observed significance in soil sickness during continuous monocropping of fields can be further explored. 相似文献
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Yuanjie Dong Weifeng Chen Yuping Zhuge Yiling Song Guoqing Hu Yongshan Wan 《Journal of plant nutrition》2018,41(7):867-887
This study was to investigate peanut response to application of nitric oxide (NO) at different growth stages and the effects of NO application on peanut yield and quality in calcareous soil. Sodium nitroprusside (SNP, a NO donor) solution was poured into calcareous soil at sowing, seedling, flowering, and podding stages, respectively, or at each aforesaid critical stage. Results showed that NO application increased the content of active Fe and leaf chlorophyll, which improved the photosynthesis of peanut; enhanced the ability of resistance to oxidative stress by decreased the accumulation of O2??, H2O2, and MDA and increased the activity of antioxidant enzymes. Nitric oxide increased the content of soil available Fe and root FCR activity, which can promote peanut absorb more Fe from the calcareous soil. What's more, peanut plants may pump a large amount of H+ from root cell membrane to consume in neutralization of HCO3?, and decrease the pH in apoplast, cytoplasm, and xylem, finally balance the mineral elements (Fe, Ca, Mg, Zn, and Cu) uptake and distribution. These results indicated that NO could improve peanut growth and development, increase peanut yield and quality. Furthermore, the application of NO at sowing or seedling stage did the most obvious effect on alleviating chlorosis of peanut in calcareous soil. 相似文献
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Shunji Inanaga Tatumi Yanagigawa Yoichi Naka Kayoko Yamanokuchi 《Soil Science and Plant Nutrition》2013,59(4):845-852
To investigate the effects of light on the accumulation of lipids in seeds, fruits of both peanut and soybean plants were allowed to grow under different types of light conditions (natural, red, blue, green, or far-red light) and in darkness. Irradiation with each type of light from the 20th or 30th day, except for green light from the 30th day, resulted in lower dry weight of peanut seeds. The peanut seeds irradiated with natural, blue or far-red light from the 30th day onward contained a smaller amount of lipids, lower levels of triacylglycerides (TG), and higher levels of total sugar and diacylglycerides (DG), than the seeds grown in darkness. In the case of soybean seeds grown in darkness, the lipid content increased, but the total sugar and protein contents decreased. Exposure of soybean seeds to far-red light did not result in an increase in the lipid content. In vitro, 14C-glycerol-3-phosphate was converted to DG rather than to TG under irradiation with light compared with dark conditions. In contrast, the effect of light on the incorporation of 14C-oleoyl-CoA into TG was not appreciable. These findings suggest that the accumulation of lipid in the seeds of leguminous plants is depressed by light, with far-red light affecting most the accumulation of lipids, which may regulate the synthesis of TG via DG from glycerol-3-phosphate. 相似文献
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大豆根系分泌物中氨基酸对根腐病菌生长的影响 总被引：14，自引：0，他引：14
采用砂培和室内模拟方法,研究了两个抗病性不同的大豆品种水溶性根系分泌物中氨基酸组分随作物生长的变化;同时检测了培养基中添加大豆根系分泌物和纯品氨基酸对大豆根腐病菌菌落生长的影响。结果表明,添加大豆苗期和花荚期根分泌物均显著促进尖镰孢菌菌丝生长,添加成熟期根分泌物显著促进腐皮镰孢菌菌丝生长。易感根腐病大豆品种合丰25号花荚期以后根分泌物中氨基酸种类多于抗根腐病大豆品种绥农10号。感病大豆品种根系分泌的氨基酸总量随生育时期增加,在鼓粒期达到最高;抗病大豆品种根系分泌的氨基酸总量在花荚期最高。感病大豆品种根系分泌的主要氨基酸为精氨酸,抗病大豆品种根系分泌的氨基酸主要为天冬氨酸。氨基酸纯品培养中,添加精氨酸和酪氨酸处理的尖镰孢菌菌落直径显著高于不加氨基酸的对照菌落直径;添加丝氨酸和天冬氨酸的处理菌落直径则显著低于对照处理。同时,添加天冬氨酸的培养基上腐皮镰孢菌菌落直径显著低于不加氨基酸的对照。可见,不同大豆品种根系分泌物中氨基酸组分对病原菌生长起着一定的作用,其表现的作用受根际氨基酸种类和氨基酸浓度影响较大,对于不同病原菌的作用存在差异。 相似文献
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缺磷胁迫对黄瓜体内磷运输及再分配的影响 总被引：16，自引：1，他引：15
本研究用营养液培养法定量地测定并计算了在正常供磷及缺磷后不同时间黄瓜植株体内磷的分布及再运输。缺磷处理５天后,新生叶和根系中的吸磷量明显增加,分别占植株总吸磷量的３６．１％和１３．５％,而相应的正常供磷植株的新生叶和根系中的吸磷量仅分别占植株总吸磷量的２２．４％和６．３４％,而且缺磷植株根系的生长显著快于供磷的植株。缺磷胁迫１０天后,植株地上部生长受到明显抑制,老叶中的磷通过韧皮部运向新生叶以保证新生器官的生长,使新生叶中磷的浓度比老叶中高４７％,但缺磷植株根系中磷的累积量下降不多。本研究还定量证明了即使在正常供磷条件下,随着生长时间的延长,也有大量的磷由老叶运向新叶。不论缺磷与否,植株新生叶和根中磷的浓度都保持最高,但缺磷和供磷植物体中磷的分配模式不同。 相似文献
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不同生物菌剂对大豆根系抗性物质的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
在田间试验条件下,开展了4种生物菌剂拌种对大豆根系抗性物质影响的研究.结果表明,随着生育进程的推进,4种生物菌剂提高了根系中过氧化物酶和多酚氧化酶活性.在子叶期～一出复叶期,Y2(芽孢杆菌与木霉为主)处理对过氧化物酶和多酚氧化酶活性作用最强;在三节期～盛荚期,Y1(丛枝菌根真菌为主)处理对过氧化物酶和多酚氧化酶活性作用最强,Y2处理次之.另一方面,4种生物菌剂不同程度地减缓了丙二醛和脯氨酸含量的升高.在子叶期～三节期,Y1和Y2处理明显减缓了丙二醛和脯氨酸含量的升高,Y3(芽孢杆菌为主)和Y4(木霉为主)处理次之.此外,4种生物菌剂在一定程度上还促进了根系中可溶性糖的积累,但差异不大.综合分析表明,Y1和Y2拌种,可调节根系内抗性相关物质的生理功能,提高籽粒产量. 相似文献
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Yong-Hua Yang Hai-Jin Gu Wen-Yi Fan Bilkisu A. Abdullahi 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2004,154(1-4):239-248
Boron (B) is an essential micronutrient for higher plants. It has been suggested that addition of B at an optimal concentration might alleviate Al toxicity. Little information is available about B effects on soybean seedling growth under Al stress and differential alleviation of B on Al toxicity. In the present study, the seedlings of two soybean cultivars (Williams and Nanrong 73-935) were grown in a solution with factorial combinations of Al (0, 2, and 5 mM) and B (0, 5, and 50 μM) in a randomized complete block design experiment for 18 days. The results showed that high B was found to ameliorate Al toxicity by significantly increasing the growth characters including root length under 2 mM Al stress, and epicotyl length and fresh weight under 5 mM Al stress of the two cultivars. However, high B concentration did not significantly increase chlorophyll content under Al stress. Williams was more sensitive than Nanrong 73-935 on the growth characters and chlorophyll content under double stresses (B deficiency combined with Al toxicity), although they had similar sensitivity to B deficiency stress alone for growth characters. In addition, high B concentration was found to cause toxicity symptoms on root length and older leaves of both cultivars under no Al stress. 相似文献
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玉米花生间作对花生铁营养的影响 总被引：19，自引：3，他引：19
采用根箱隔网盆栽方法模拟研究了玉米／花生间作对花生吸收利用铁营养的影响。用30m尼龙网将聚氯乙烯制作的根箱分为根室和外室，模拟了玉米单作、花生单作、玉米／花生间作三种情况。结果表明，间作对花生的铁营养状况有很大的影响。当花生与玉米间作时，花生地上部不表现缺铁现象；而花生单作则表现出严重的新叶缺铁黄化现象。间作花生新叶的全铁含量是单作的1．8倍，单作新叶活性铁含量仅是间作的47．2％，叶绿素含量是间作的25．3％。间作显著促进了花生对铁的吸收，使花生不同的部位的含铁量高于单作，从而提高了花生的光合速率；同时间作花生对铁的利用效率明显增加，花生子粒中铁的吸收量是单作的两倍多。 相似文献