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1.
重庆地区辣椒疫霉对氟吡菌胺的敏感性及抗性突变体的生物学性状 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为明确重庆地区辣椒疫霉对氟吡菌胺的抗性风险,采用菌丝生长速率法测定了采自重庆未使用过氟吡菌胺地区的110株辣椒疫霉菌株对氟吡菌胺的敏感性,并对辣椒疫霉抗氟吡菌胺突变体的诱导方法及抗性突变体的主要生物学性状进行了研究。结果表明:110株辣椒疫霉对氟吡菌胺的EC50平均值为(0.32 ± 0.11) μg/mL,不同菌株的敏感性频率呈连续单峰曲线分布,未出现敏感性明显下降的亚群体,因此可将该EC50平均值作为重庆地区辣椒疫霉对氟吡菌胺田间抗性监测的敏感基线。通过紫外诱导菌丝体的方法,共获得3株可稳定遗传的抗氟吡菌胺突变体,抗性倍数介于69.5~98.5之间,突变频率为0.86%;抗性突变体BS11-5-1与亲本菌株BS11-5在菌丝生长速率、温度适应性、产孢子囊能力及致病力方面均无显著差异,而抗性突变体JLP11-4-2和JLP11-4-3在菌丝生长速率、温度适应性、产孢子囊能力及致病力方面均显著低于亲本菌株JLP11-4;不同抗性突变体对渗透压的敏感性与亲本菌株之间均存在不同程度差异;3个抗性突变体对Biolog PM1中95种碳源的利用情况与亲本菌株基本相似。交互抗性测定表明,辣椒疫霉抗氟吡菌胺突变体对甲霜灵、霜脲氰、烯酰吗啉、丁吡吗啉及嘧菌酯之间均不存在交互抗性,建议可将氟吡菌胺与上述几种杀菌剂交替或混合使用。 相似文献
2.
为建立致病疫霉Phytophthora infestans (Mont.) de Bary对缬菌胺的敏感基线，采用菌丝生长速率法测定了从河北省、黑龙江省、内蒙古自治区、贵州省和四川省未使用过缬菌胺的地区采集分离的105个致病疫霉菌株对缬菌胺的敏感性；为明确致病疫霉对缬菌胺产生抗性突变体的难易程度，进行了紫外诱导和药剂驯化试验；为明确缬菌胺与常用药剂之间的交互抗性，测定了8个抗缬菌胺突变体及其6个亲本敏感菌株对6种常用杀菌剂的敏感性。结果表明:105株致病疫霉对缬菌胺的EC50值范围为0.0594~0.159 mg/L，平均EC50值为(0.102 ± 0.024) mg/L，不同敏感性菌株的频率呈连续单峰曲线分布，未发现敏感性下降的亚群体，因此可将缬菌胺对105株致病疫霉的平均EC50值作为致病疫霉对缬菌胺的敏感基线；通过紫外诱变敏感菌株菌丝体获得了4个抗缬菌胺的突变体，其抗性水平介于 3.1~14.9倍之间，突变频率为0.54%，通过紫外照射敏感菌株孢子囊悬浮液获得了2个抗性水平分别为8.1倍和8.2倍的抗性突变体，突变频率为1.33 × 10?7；通过在含缬菌胺的黑麦蔗糖琼脂培养基上继代培养敏感菌株11代，获得2个抗性水平分别为3.1倍和9.4倍的抗性突变体。缬菌胺与烯酰吗啉和双炔酰菌胺存在交互抗性，与氟吡菌胺、嘧菌酯、甲霜灵和霜脲氰不存在交互抗性。初步推测致病疫霉对缬菌胺具有低到中等抗性风险，建议在生产上将缬菌胺与其他类型杀菌剂交替或混合使用，以延缓致病疫霉对缬菌胺抗性的产生。 相似文献
3.
为评价灰霉病菌对氟啶胺的敏感性及抗药性风险，本试验于2020年-2021年在吉林、江西、湖北、山东、北京、湖南等地区的草莓、辣椒、四季豆、茄子和番茄上采集病叶、病茎、病花和病果，经单孢分离获得117个灰葡萄孢Botrytis cinerea菌株，采用菌丝生长速率法测定其对氟啶胺的敏感性。结果表明：有4株灰葡萄孢BJ14、BJ45、BJ46和BJ47对氟啶胺的敏感性显著降低，EC50在0.113 7～0.394 6μg/mL,抗性倍数为4.7～16.3,MIC值>4μg/mL。其余113个菌株对氟啶胺的平均EC50为0.025 1μg/mL。敏感性降低的4个菌株继代培养10代后，抗药性状稳定。交互抗性测定结果表明，对氟啶胺敏感性下降的菌株对腐霉利和咯菌腈2种杀菌剂表现为敏感，氟啶胺与腐霉利或咯菌腈没有交互抗性。生物学性状研究表明，4株敏感性下降菌株在PDA平板上的生长速率和在番茄果实上的致病力都显著低于敏感菌株，而菌丝生物量、产孢量和孢子萌发率与敏感菌株无显著差异。以上研究结果表明，田间已存在对氟啶胺敏感性降低的菌株，鉴于灰葡萄孢属于高风... 相似文献
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为了解河南省假禾谷镰孢菌对氟环唑的敏感性，本文采用菌丝生长速率法测定了氟环唑对2019年从河南省16个地市分离的100株假禾谷镰孢菌的毒力。结果表明：氟环唑对供试菌株菌丝生长的EC50值为0.002 4～0.505 4μg·mL-1,EC50平均值为(0.109 3±0.095 7)μg·mL-1;敏感性频率分布图显示，89株供试菌株位于相应的主峰范围内，敏感性频率分布为连续单峰曲线，将其EC50平均值为(0.082 1±0.046 8)μg·mL-1作为假禾谷镰孢菌对氟环唑的敏感性基线。方差分析显示：不同地市菌株对氟环唑的敏感性差异较小，各地市菌株EC50平均值变化范围为0.050 8～0.296 8μg·mL-1;同一地市菌株对氟环唑的敏感性差异较大，商丘虞城最不敏感菌株的EC50值是最敏感菌株的210.58倍。聚类分析表明：河南省假禾谷镰孢菌对氟环唑的敏感性差异与菌株的地理来源无明显关... 相似文献
5.
辣椒疫霉对烯酰吗啉的敏感性基线及室内抗药突变体研究 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
采用菌丝生长速率法测定了125株采自河北、内蒙古、陕西、安徽和北京等地区的辣椒疫霉病菌对烯酰吗啉的敏感性,结果表明,其EC50值分布于0.126~0.318μg/mL之间,最不敏感菌株是最敏感菌株的2.5倍,平均EC50=(0.218±0.0368)μg/mL。125个菌株对烯酰吗啉的敏感性分布呈单峰曲线,未出现抗性的病原菌亚群体,可将该单峰曲线作为辣椒疫霉对烯酰吗啉的敏感性基线,将烯酰吗啉对该病原群体的平均EC50值作为田间抗药性监测的参考标准。通过紫外诱变敏感菌株N-7的菌丝获得了12株抗烯酰吗啉的突变体,抗性指数在16.38~132.15之间;通过紫外诱变敏感菌株DZ-16的游动孢子获得1株抗性指数为680倍的高抗药水平的突变体。突变体的部分生物学性状研究表明,其致病力与敏感菌株相当;大部分突变体产生孢子囊的能力与亲本菌株相比均有不同程度的提高;离体条件下,突变体和亲本菌株释放游动孢子的能力相当;突变体的菌丝生长速率与亲本菌株相比具有不同程度的差异。测定了敏感亲本菌株和突变体的交配型,均为A1型菌株,经紫外诱变后交配型没有发生改变。综合分析表明,抗性突变体的产生有利于抗药性群体的发展。为避免和延缓抗药性的产生,生产上应将烯酰吗啉与其它无交互抗药性的杀菌剂交替使用。 相似文献
6.
为明确中国福建省番茄灰霉病菌对氟啶胺的敏感性及其与不同杀菌剂的交互抗性,采用菌丝生长速率法测定了106株采自福建省主要番茄产区的番茄灰霉病菌对氟啶胺的敏感性。结果表明,氟啶胺对福建省番茄灰霉病菌菌丝生长的EC50值在0.0037～0.0452 μg/mL之间,平均值为（0.0221 ±0.0098）μg/mL,其敏感性频率分布呈连续单峰曲线,符合正态分布,因此可将该EC50平均值（0.0221±0.0098）μg/mL作为福建省番茄灰霉病菌对氟啶胺的敏感基线,用于其田间抗药性监测。从106株菌株中选择15株对氟啶胺敏感性不同的菌株,测定了其对嘧霉胺、异菌脲、腐霉利和啶氧菌酯的敏感性。结果表明,供试5种杀菌剂对15株番茄灰霉病菌菌丝生长的平均抑制活性依次为氟啶胺 >异菌脲 >腐霉利 >啶氧菌酯 >嘧霉胺,氟啶胺与异菌脲、腐霉利、啶氧菌酯和嘧霉胺之间均不存在交互抗性。 相似文献
7.
为明确烟草疫霉对甲霜·锰锌的抗性水平,从云南省主要烟区采集、分离到28株烟草疫霉,采用菌丝生长速率法测定其对甲霜·锰锌的室内敏感性。结果表明,甲霜·锰锌对28株烟草疫霉的EC50为1.00～5.54 mg/L,平均值为2.49 mg/L;敏感菌株数占供试总菌株数的67.86%,低抗菌株占32.14%,无中、高抗菌株;供试菌株中,菌株WS-12对甲霜·锰锌的抗性相对较强,抗性倍数为2.22,WS-2和QJ-74对甲霜·锰锌的敏感性较强,抗性倍数均为0.40。不同采集地菌株群体中低抗与敏感的比例差异明显,来自文山和临沧的菌株平均抗性水平为低抗,红河、昆明和曲靖的菌株均为敏感。总体看来,当前云南烟区烟草疫霉对甲霜·锰锌尚无明显抗性。 相似文献
8.
由核盘菌Sclerotinia sclerotiorum引起的菌核病(sclerotinia stem rot)是一种破坏性严重的病害，多发于油菜和许多其他阔叶作物，在农业生产中主要采用杀菌剂进行化学防治。氯氟联苯吡菌胺作为一种琥珀酸脱氢酶抑制剂(SDHIs)，对核盘菌的菌丝生长有较好的抑制作用。为建立河南省核盘菌对氯氟联苯吡菌胺的敏感性基线，采用菌丝生长速率法测定了2015年和2016年从河南省不同地区采集分离的119株核盘菌对氯氟联苯吡菌胺的敏感性。结果表明：氯氟联苯吡菌胺对核盘菌菌丝生长的有效抑制中浓度(EC50)值范围为0.0417～0.4732μg/mL，平均EC50值为(0.1968±0.1053)μg/mL。EC50值频率分布范围窄且呈单峰曲线，平均EC50值可以作为河南省核盘菌对氯氟联苯吡菌胺的敏感性基线。为明确氯氟联苯吡菌胺是否能与其他不同作用机制杀菌剂复配，采用菌丝生长速率法测定了核盘菌对氯氟联苯吡菌胺、多菌灵、咯菌腈、丙硫菌唑、菌核净、叶菌唑及其混合物的敏感性。结果表明，氯氟联... 相似文献
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通过研究致病疫霉对缬菌胺抗性突变体的生物学特性,评估致病疫霉对缬菌胺产生抗性的风险。采用菌丝生长速率法检测田间菌株对缬菌胺的敏感性;通过比较抗性突变体在无药条件下继代培养前后对缬菌胺的敏感性来确定其抗性稳定性;采用离体叶片法测定抗性突变体及其亲本敏感菌株的适合度和竞争力;通过量化7个基本抗性因素的风险值评估致病疫霉对缬菌胺的基本抗性风险。结果表明:在2018年从内蒙、河北、贵州、四川、黑龙江等五省(自治区)采集分离的153个菌株和2019年从河北、内蒙采集分离的40个菌株中低抗菌株分别占31.4%和35.0%,敏感菌株分别占68.6%和65.0%,抗性指数均为0.34,抗性倍数分别为1.5和2.1,未发现中抗和高抗菌株;8个抗性突变体在无药条件下继代培养10代后,少数抗性突变体的抗药性不能稳定遗传;6个抗性突变体的适合度均显著低于其亲本敏感菌株;4个抗性突变体与其亲本菌株的孢子囊不同比率混合物分别在离体叶片上继代培养1、3、7代的抗性频率显著低于初始抗性频率或与初始抗性频率无显著差异;致病疫霉对缬菌胺7个基本抗性因素的风险值之和为9,推测致病疫霉对缬菌胺的基本抗性风险为低至中等。建议加强致病疫霉菌群体对缬菌胺的抗性监测,将缬菌胺与不同作用机理的杀菌剂交替或混合使用,以延缓抗药性产生和发展。 相似文献
10.
为明确山东省玉米纹枯病菌对噻呋酰胺的敏感性及其抗药性风险,采用菌丝生长速率法分别测定了采自山东泰安、临沂、潍坊、莱芜、日照及青岛6个地区的102株玉米纹枯病菌对噻呋酰胺的敏感性。结果表明:其EC50值分布范围为0.010～0.194 μg/mL,平均EC50 值为 (0.086 ± 0.004) μg/mL,且敏感性呈连续单峰曲线分布。通过紫外诱导与药剂驯化的方法各获得5株耐药性菌株 (TA3-X2、TA17-X6、LY8-3、QD14-Y7和WF6-A2) 和1株抗性突变体 (QD2-Y4),其抗性水平在6.46～20.08倍之间,突变频率分别为0.87%和0.52%。对抗性突变体生物学性状的研究表明,紫外诱导获得的5株耐药性菌株其耐药性不能稳定遗传,而经药剂驯化获得的1株抗性突变体QD2-Y4的抗药性可稳定遗传;耐药性菌株TA3-X2的菌丝生长速率高于亲本菌株,其余菌株与亲本菌株差异不明显;5株耐药性菌株和1株抗性突变体的菌丝干重和菌核干重均低于亲本菌株;TA3-X2、WF6-A2及QD2-Y4的致病力低于亲本菌株,TA17-X6、LY8-3及QD14-Y7的致病力与亲本菌株无明显差异。交互抗性测定表明,噻呋酰胺抗性突变体与戊唑醇、丙环唑、咯菌腈、井冈霉素、苯醚甲环唑和多菌灵之间均无交互抗性,与啶酰菌胺和氟唑菌苯胺之间则存在交互抗性。研究表明,山东省6个地区的玉米纹枯病菌对噻呋酰胺比较敏感,推测噻呋酰胺可作为防治玉米纹枯病的理想候选药剂。 相似文献
11.
水稻稻瘟病菌对烯肟菌胺的抗性风险评估及抗性机制初探 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
采用菌丝生长速率法测定了100株采自我国主要水稻产区的水稻稻瘟病菌对烯肟菌胺的敏感性, 结果表明, 其EC50分布于0.011 1~0.295 6 μg·mL-1, 平均EC50=(0.078 6±0.056 1) μg·mL-1。供试菌株对烯肟菌胺的敏感性分布呈单侧峰曲线, 未出现抗药性亚群体, 可将该曲线作为稻病瘟菌对烯肟菌胺的敏感性基线。通过室内药剂驯化获得了7株抗药突变体, 突变频率为1.11×10-4, 其中2株高抗突变体NJ0811-I和A10的抗性水平大于1 000倍, 抗药性性状能稳定遗传, 致病力显著弱于其亲本菌株;5株低抗突变体抗性水平在2.05～4.55倍之间, 抗药稳定性差, 适合度与亲本无显著性差异。交互抗药性结果表明, 烯肟菌胺与嘧菌酯存在正交互抗药性, 与田间防治稻瘟病常用药剂稻瘟灵、异稻瘟净无交互抗药性。综合分析表明, 稻瘟病菌对烯肟菌胺可能存在低到中等抗性风险。进一步克隆了抗药突变体及其亲本的cytb基因, CYTB氨基酸序列比对结果表明, 2株高抗突变体均在143位由甘氨酸突变为丝氨酸(G143S), 建立了高抗菌株的AS-PCR分子检测方法;而5株低抗突变体cytb基因未发生点突变, 推测可能存在其他的抗性分子机制。 相似文献
12.
Baseline sensitivity to flumorph, a carboxylic acid amide (CAA) fungicide used to control some oomycetes, was examined using 83 Phytophthora capsici isolates, resulting in a unimodal distribution of effective concentration for 50% inhibition of mycelial growth ranging from 0·716 to 1·363, with a mean of 1·033 ± 0·129 μg mL?1. To assess the potential risk of developing flumorph resistance, 13 flumorph‐resistant mutants of P. capsici were obtained using ultraviolet irradiation. Most of these mutants and their progeny had high levels of fitness, including mycelial growth, sporulation and virulence. The resistance to flumorph changed slightly, either increasing or decreasing, after 10 transfers on agar media. Cross‐resistance was found between flumorph and other CAA fungicides (dimethomorph and iprovalicarb), but not between flumorph and non‐CAA fungicides (cymoxanil, metalaxyl, azoxystrobin and cyazofamid). To investigate the genetics of the flumorph resistance, 619 progeny were obtained by self‐crossing and sexual hybridization. Segregation of sensitivity to fungicide was measured as a ratio of sensitive (S) to resistant (R) isolates. Segregation of the progeny, from self‐crossed isolate PCAS1 (flumorph resistant), was 1:15 in the first generation; and 0:1 or 1:15 in the second generation. In sexual hybridization, segregation of progeny was 0:1 and 1:7 for R × R hybridization; and 1:3 for R × S hybridization. Therefore, the resistance of P. capsici against flumorph was controlled by two dominant genes. 相似文献
13.
Laboratory studies were conducted to evaluate the risk of developing field resistance to zoxamide, a new Oomycete fungicide which acts on microtubules. Zoxamide, metalaxyl and dimethomorph were compared with respect to the ease with which fungicide‐resistant mutants could be isolated and their level of resistance. Attempts to generate mutants of Phytophthora capsici and P infestans with resistance to zoxamide by mycelial adaptation on fungicide‐amended medium were unsuccessful. Similarly, changes in sensitivity to zoxamide were small (resistance factors ≤2.2) in mutants of P capsici isolated by chemical mutagenesis of zoospore cysts. In parallel experiments with metalaxyl, highly resistant mutants were obtained using both adaptation (P capsici or P infestans) and chemical mutagenesis (P capsici). For dimethomorph, chemical mutagenesis (P capsici) yielded moderately resistant mutants (maximum resistance factor = 20.9), and adaptation (P capsici or P infestans) did not induce resistance. It is proposed that failure to isolate mutants resistant to zoxamide results from the diploid nature of Oomycete fungi and the likelihood that target‐site mutations would produce a recessive phenotype. Our studies suggest that the risk of a highly resistant pathogen population developing rapidly in the field is much lower for zoxamide than for metalaxyl. However, as with any site‐specific fungicide, appropriate precautions against resistance development should be taken. © 2001 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献
14.
In Calabria (southern Italy), control of crown and root rot of capsicum caused by Phytophthora capsici has relied primarily on soil drenches of metalaxyl. However, severe outbreaks occur every year in glasshouse crops, in which the practice of using plastic mulch and furrow irrigation favours the disease. Single‐hypha isolates of P. capsici collected in Calabria in 1992/1998 were tested in vitro for their level of sensitivity to metalaxyl. Isolates of other species of Phytophthora were used as reference. Fungicide sensitivity was determined by plating mycelial plugs onto potato dextrose agar amended with metalaxyl, at final concentrations ranging from 0.1 to 1000μg mL?1 a.s. Inhibition of radial growth (%) was determined when colonies on unamended medium had covered approximately two‐thirds of the plate. The ED50 values for inhibition of mycelial growth of P. capsici isolates ranged from 1.41 to44.6μg mL?1 a.s. More than 80% of the P. capsici isolates from commercial plastic‐house crops in Calabria showed a moderate level of resistance as they were inhibited less than 60% at 5 μg mL?1 but more than 60% at 100μg mL?1 相似文献
15.
A total of 1511 isolates of Phytophthora capsici were collected from farms with no history of exposure to the carboxylic acid amide (CAA) fungicides in 32 provinces in China during 2006 to 2013. All 1511 isolates were assayed for mating type and 403 were assayed for sensitivity to dimethomorph (DMM) and metalaxyl. The DMM EC50 values ranged from 0·126 to 0·339 μg mL?1. Both A1 and A2 mating types were detected on the same farms in four provinces and with a 1:1 ratio. Most isolates were sensitive to metalaxyl but a few exhibited intermediate resistance or resistance to metalaxyl. The segregation of DMM resistance and sensitivity among 337 progeny obtained from hybridization or self‐crossing in vitro indicated that the resistance of P. capsici to DMM is controlled by two dominant genes. Eighteen progeny that were derived from hybridization differed in DMM sensitivity and in fitness. Some progeny were as fit as parental isolates. Given the distribution of mating types and therefore the potential for sexual reproduction, the control of resistance by two dominant genes, and the fitness of hybrid progeny, the risk of P. capsici populations developing DMM resistance in China is substantial. 相似文献
16.
Mutants of Phytophthora parasitica Dast. more or less resistant to dimethomorph or metalaxyl were obtained by treating mycelium with ultraviolet radiation. Some metalaxyl-resistant mutants exhibited levels of resistance (i.e. the ratio between the EC50 values for the mutant and the wild-type strain) greater than 100, but those observed in the dimethomorph-resistant mutants never exceeded 25. Most mutants retained their resistance after sub-culturing on unamended agar medium. Single zoospore clones derived from a metalaxyl-resistant and a dimethomorph-resistant mutant, selected as amongst the most resistant, had levels of resistance similar to those of the parental strains. The metalaxyl-resistant mutants were also resistant to the related phenylamide fungicides, furalaxyl and benalaxyl, but remained sensitive to dimethomorph. The dimethomorph-resistant mutants were not resistant to phenylamide fungicides. The pathogenicity of some metalaxyl- or dimethomorph-resistant mutants on tobacco leaves was similar to that of the wild-type strains. 相似文献
17.
Streptomycin has been used for decades in Chile to control Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis (Cmm), the causal agent of tomato bacterial canker. The aim of this work was to evaluate streptomycin resistance and to analyse the presence of resistance-related genes in Cmm strains from Chile. A collection of 25 Cmm strains isolated from different localities in central Chile between 1996 and 2015 was analysed. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of streptomycin was determined. A search of streptomycin resistance-related genes was carried out in Cmm genomes, and the presence of these genes was studied in all Chilean strains using PCR and sequencing techniques. MIC results showed that four of 25 strains were highly sensitive to streptomycin, with MIC values <2 μg mL−1. The remaining 21 strains possessed MIC of streptomycin ≥100 μg mL−1. The strB gene, encoding an aminoglycoside 6-phosphotransferase that inactivates streptomycin, was detected in all Chilean strains, including sensitive and resistant strains. In the 21 resistant strains, a mutation in codon 43 of the rpsL gene was determined, conferring high streptomycin resistance. Interestingly, the four streptomycin-sensitive Cmm strains did not possess this mutation. This study proposes that the continuous use of streptomycin leads to emergence of resistant Cmm strains, challenging researchers to look for novel alternatives to control this plant pathogenic bacterium. 相似文献
18.
棉隆对辣椒疫霉病的防效及对土壤微生物群落的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
为明确不同剂量棉隆对辣椒疫霉的防效及对土壤微生物群落的影响,在温室大棚条件下采用密封熏蒸法测定了不同剂量(300、450、600和750 kg/hm2)棉隆土壤熏蒸对土壤疫霉病菌的抑制率及田间防效,并采用Biolog法研究了其对土壤微生物功能多样性的影响。结果表明,不同剂量棉隆在熏蒸后揭膜当天(0)、80、140 d对辣椒疫霉病菌的抑制率分别为86.84%~100%、75.26%~96.37%和73.24%~95.46%;且80、140 d时对辣椒疫霉病的防效分别为77.19%~96.49%和70.00%~93.33%;在棉隆熏蒸揭膜当天各剂量处理下微生物对碳源的利用(用平均每孔颜色变化率表示)以及微生物多样性指数中的丰富度指数、均匀度指数及Mc Intosh指数均显著低于对照,而Simpson指数显著高于对照,随着试验时间的延长,各剂量对其影响逐渐减小,但高剂量尤其是750kg/hm2处理在140 d时仍与对照差异显著。表明棉隆剂量越高对辣椒疫霉病的防效越显著,对微生物活性影响越大,高剂量处理能明显抑制土壤微生物的活性,降低土壤微生物的多样性。 相似文献