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1.
香蕉枯萎病菌RAPD分析及4号生理小种的快速检测 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
用随机扩增多态性DNA(RAPD)技术,对采自广东、广西的香蕉和粉蕉上的30个香蕉枯萎病菌(Fusarium oxysporum f.sp.cubense)菌株和3个其它尖孢镰刀菌专化型的菌株进行比较及聚类分析。在遗传相似系数0.67时,可将供试菌株划分为3个RAPD群(RGs),其中香蕉枯萎病菌4号生理小种(FOC4)共15个菌株属于RGⅠ,1号生理小种(FOC1)共15个菌株属于RGⅡ,供试的其它尖孢镰刀菌专化型的3个菌株则属于RGⅢ。这说明香蕉枯萎病菌和供试3个其它专化型菌株与致病性间存在明显的相关性。1号生理小种内菌株间的遗传分化大于4号生理小种内菌株间的遗传分化。从90条RAPD随机引物中筛选出2条引物可产生4号生理小种的RAPD标记2个。将这2个RAPD标记电泳切胶回收、克隆及测序,并根据这2个特异片段序列设计SCAR上下游特异引物,通过对30个菌株的PCR扩增检验,其中一个RAPD标记成功地转化为SCAR标记,初步建立了以此为基础的4号生理小种快速检测技术,其检测灵敏度为2 ng新鲜菌丝。对采自不同地区的显症样品、吸芽、室内接种未显症的香蕉苗以及发病的香蕉植株不同部位进行检测,能够准确灵敏地鉴定出4号生理小种,从而为香蕉枯萎病菌的快速检测及防治奠定了基础。同时,快速检测结果发现,田间发病植株果柄的各部位及果实内并没有枯萎病菌的存在。 相似文献
2.
尖孢镰刀菌的遗传多态性 总被引：13，自引：0，他引：13
尖孢镰刀菌是重要的植物维管束病原真菌。近年来,有关该菌的遗传多态性研究报道很多,本文着重综述了利用营养体亲和群、DNA多态性技术研究尖孢镰刀菌专化型、小种及其相互关系等方面的进展,同时介绍了对棉花枯萎病菌、瓜类枯萎病菌及尖孢镰刀菌小种起源等的研究概况。 相似文献
3.
河北廊坊大豆枯萎病病原镰刀菌的分子鉴定 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为明确河北廊坊中国农科院植保所试验基地大豆孢囊线虫病田内大豆枯萎病病原镰刀菌的种类,对362份罹病枯萎大豆植株进行病原真菌分离,得到335株真菌;使用镰刀菌通用引物鉴定出镰刀菌(Fusarium spp.) 279株,占分离菌株83.3%;镰刀菌特异性引物、测序等分子生物学技术结合形态学特征进一步鉴定镰刀菌种类,鉴定出尖孢镰刀菌(F. oxysporum)189株,占分离菌株56.4%;茄病镰刀菌(F. solani)67株占20.0%、禾谷镰刀菌(F. graminearum)16株占4.8%、木贼镰刀菌(F. equiseti)3株、层出镰刀菌(F. proliferaum)2株、燕麦镰刀菌(F. avenaceum)和厚孢镰刀菌(F. chlamydosporum)各1株;致病性测试结果表明数量最多的尖孢镰刀菌(F. oxysporum)中约92.8%菌株具有不同程度的致病力;这些结果表明该试验基地大豆枯萎病的优势病原菌为尖孢镰刀菌(F. oxysporum);研究结果可为大豆枯萎病的防治提供科学依据,并为大豆孢囊线虫与尖孢镰刀菌复合侵染大豆的研究奠定基础。 相似文献
4.
黄瓜枯萎病菌遗传多样性的AFLP分析 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
黄瓜枯萎病是由半知菌亚门尖孢镰刀菌黄瓜专化型(Fusarium oxysporumf.sp.cucumainum Owen)侵染引起的一种土传病害,是影响黄瓜生产的最主要病害之一[1].近年来随着分子生物学技术的迅速发展,国内外学者对于病原真菌的遗传多样性做了大量的研究,Wang等[2]对影响黄瓜枯萎病菌AFLP技术体系的多种因素作了探讨,得到了1种适合于黄瓜枯萎病菌AFLP分析的优化体系;Duan等[3]应用RAPD、ISSR和AFLP标记揭示出了西瓜枯萎病菌株在分子水平上的遗传多样性. 相似文献
5.
苦瓜枯萎病是由尖孢镰刀菌苦瓜专化型(Fusarium oxysporum f. sp.momordicae Sun&Huang)侵染引起的一种严重制约苦瓜安全生产的土传病害。明确苦瓜枯萎病菌的致病机理对苦瓜枯萎病的防治具有重要的指导意义,但目前苦瓜枯萎病菌的致病机理尚不明确。前期分析苦瓜枯萎病菌强致病力菌株SD-1和弱致病力菌株SD-V(携带真菌病毒)转录组差异表达基因时,发现Ⅱ型卤酸脱卤酶(FoHAD-typeⅡ)基因在SD-V菌株中表达量显著下调,推测该基因与苦瓜枯萎病菌的致病性相关。本研究根据同源重组的原理,利用分割标记法(Split-Marker PCR)获得了FoHAD-typeⅡ基因的融合片段,分别通过PEG介导的原生质体转化和农杆菌介导的遗传转化获得该基因的敲除突变体和回补突变体,并对敲除和回补突变体的生物学特性和致病力进行了分析。结果表明,敲除突变体的生长速率和产孢量与野生型菌株相比没有显著差异,菌丝尖端形态和孢子形态也无明显差异,但气生菌丝减少,对渗透胁迫耐受性降低,致病力显著下降;回补突变体的生物学性状和致病力与野生型菌株一致。表明FoHAD-typeⅡ基因... 相似文献
6.
西瓜抗枯萎病品种“卡红”的抗病遗传研究 总被引：21，自引：0，他引：21
西瓜枯萎病是由尖孢镰刀菌西瓜专化型Fusarium oxysporum f.sp.niveum侵染所致。该病是西瓜生产中的主要病害,世界各国均有发生。 相似文献
7.
2014~2016年,由于栽培管理及重茬等原因,大白菜枯萎病在我国大面积发生,造成了巨大的经济损失。为了明确引起大白菜枯萎病的病原菌,本课题组从山东、内蒙古、河北、甘肃等大白菜主产区采集了具有典型枯萎病症状的病样,并对样品中的病原菌进行了分离和鉴定。形态学鉴定结果表明:分离物分别具有尖孢镰刀菌 (Fusarium oxysporum)、茄病镰刀菌 (F. solani) 和木贼镰刀菌 (F. equiseti)的形态学特征。柯赫氏法则验证结果表明:3种病原菌均能使大白菜发病,且发病症状与田间症状一致。此外,基于病原菌的rDNA-ITS和mt SSU序列的测序比对,3种病原菌与尖孢镰刀菌、茄病镰刀菌和木贼镰刀菌的同源性分别达99%~100%,这与形态学鉴定结果相一致。尖孢镰刀菌引起白菜枯萎病为国内首次报道,而茄病镰刀菌和木贼镰刀菌引起白菜枯萎病为国内外首次报道。 相似文献
8.
香蕉枯萎病菌生理小种鉴定及其SCAR标记 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
通过室内人工接种蕉类鉴别寄主,对采集于广东蕉区的18个蕉类枯萎病菌菌株进行鉴定,KP021、KP022、GZ981和JL021 4个菌株属Racel,其余14个菌株属Race4,说明广东蕉区同时存在尖孢镰刀菌古巴专化型Race1和Race4。用RAPD技术对上述18个菌株进行分析,从200条随机引物中筛选出8条引物可产生生理小种RAPD标记12个,其中标记Racel的8个,标记Race4的4个。对这些RAPD标记带分别进行回收、克隆、测序,根据这些特异片段序列分别设计相应的SCAR引物,通过对18个菌株的PCR扩增检验,有4个RAPD标记成功地转化为SCAR标记,其中Race1-SCAR标记1个、Race4-SCAR标记2个、同时能鉴定出2个小种的SCAR标记1个。应用这4个SCAR标记同时对采自田间的9个病菌分离物进行检测,能够准确地鉴定出广东蕉区的尖孢镰刀菌古巴专化型Racel和Race4,这为下一步开展香蕉枯萎病菌生理小种的分子鉴定及各生理小种田间流行动态监测奠定了基础。 相似文献
9.
由尖孢镰孢菌黄瓜专化型引起的黄瓜枯萎病是世界黄瓜生产上的一种毁灭性病害。本研究鉴定了尖孢镰孢菌黄瓜专化型丝绒蛋白的一个同源基因FocVel2,利用基因敲除和互补的方法研究该基因的功能。敲除突变体菌株ΔFocVel2出现明显的表型变化,包括菌落生长速率降低和产孢量降低,并且敲除突变株对黄瓜幼苗毒力明显减弱,回补突变体菌株能够恢复敲除突变体ΔFocVel2的所有缺陷。总之,研究结果发现丝绒蛋白基因FocVel2在菌体无性繁殖以及侵染过程中起到重要作用。 相似文献
10.
由尖孢镰孢菌黄瓜专化型引起的黄瓜枯萎病是世界黄瓜生产上的一种毁灭性病害。本研究鉴定了尖孢镰孢菌黄瓜专化型丝绒蛋白的一个同源基因FocVel2,利用基因敲除和互补的方法研究该基因的功能。敲除突变体菌株ΔFocVel2出现明显的表型变化,包括菌落生长速率降低和产孢量降低,并且敲除突变株对黄瓜幼苗毒力明显减弱,回补突变体菌株能够恢复敲除突变体ΔFocVel2的所有缺陷。总之,研究结果发现丝绒蛋白基因FocVel2在菌体无性繁殖以及侵染过程中起到重要作用。 相似文献
11.
大豆枯萎病菌尖孢镰孢遗传多样性及大豆品种抗性 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
了解大豆枯萎病菌的群体遗传特征及明确大豆种质对大豆枯萎病的抗性,对抗病育种、抗性品种的合理布局以及制定更有效的病害防治策略具有重要的参考价值。本研究利用随机扩增多态性DNA(random amplified polymorphic DNA,RAPD),对采自我国不同地区的大豆枯萎病菌—尖孢镰孢菌(Fusarium oxysporum)进行遗传多样性分析,筛选到10个多态性随机引物,共扩增出75条RAPD条带,其中55条为多态性条带,占73.3%。利用UPGMA法对DNA扩增图谱进行聚类分析,以相似系数0.68为阈值,55个分离物可分为9个遗传聚类组,表明我国大豆枯萎病菌具有丰富的种内遗传多样性,所划分的群体与分离物来源地不相关。同时,对上述分离物进行致病性分析,发现我国的大豆枯萎病菌具有明显的致病力分化现象。进一步利用3个代表性分离物对来自我国不同大豆产区的180个大豆品种(资源)进行抗大豆枯萎病鉴定,发现皖豆28、中黄13、中黄51、中作X08076和5D034等5个品种对大豆枯萎病具有良好抗性,占供试材料的2.8%,表明不同大豆品种对枯萎病的抗性存在一定的差异。 相似文献
12.
Jyuichi Shimazu Norihito Yamauchi Tadaharu Hibi Mamoru Satou Seizo Horiuchi Takashi Shirakawa 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2005,71(3):183-189
By random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis of the representative isolates of each race of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lactucae, RAPD fragments of 0.6, 1.6, and 2.9kb were obtained. The 0.6-kb RAPD fragment was common to the representative isolates of all three races. Amplification of the 1.6- and 2.9-kb fragments were unique to the isolates of races 1 and 2, respectively. Sequence tagged site (STS) marker FLA0001, FLA0101, and FLA0201 were generated from the 0.6-, 1.6-, and 2.9-kb RAPD fragments, respectively. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis showed that FLA0001 was common to all 49 isolates of F. oxysporum f. sp. lactucae. FLA0101 was specifically generated from all 23 isolates of race 1 but not from races 2 or 3. FLA0201 was specifically amplified from all 12 isolates of race 2 but not from races 1 or 3. In two isolates of F. oxysporum f. sp. lactucum, PCR amplified FLA0001 and FLA0101 but not FLA0201. On the other hand, these STS markers were not detected from isolates of five other formae speciales. Because these STS markers were not generated from isolates of other plant pathogenic fungi, bacteria, or plant materials examined in this study, PCR analysis combined with the three STS markers should be a useful means for rapid identification of races of F. oxysporum f. sp. lactucae. 相似文献
13.
Norio Kondo Ayumi Notsu Shohei Fujita Hisanori Shimada Shigeo Naito 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2005,71(6):414-417
Sequences of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region 1 were used to examine the phylogenetic relationships among races
of 19 isolates of Phytophthora vignae f. sp. adzukicola and between this forma specialis and three isolates of the closely related P. vignae f. sp. vignae. The ITS 1 sequences were highly conserved (> 98.7% similarity) among representatives of both formae speciales groups. The
results of this study indicate that P. vignae is a monophyletic group.
The nucleotide sequence data reported are available in the DDBJ/EMBL/GenBank databases under the accession nos. AB120062–AB120080
and AB120122 相似文献
14.
F.M. Alves-Santos D. Martínez-Bermejo M.C. Rodríguez-Molina J.J. Diez 《Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology》2007,71(1-3):26-32
Several formae speciales of Fusarium oxysporum are capable to produce disease in tobacco plants. Different authors have classified those isolates as a forma specialis or a race within on the basis of the severity of disease and host specificity. Fusarium wilt of tobacco plant in Extremadura (central Spain) tobacco fields have been recorded in the last years and F. oxysporum was isolated from symptomatic plants. The aim of our study was to characterize these F. oxysporum populations. For this purpose, the in vitro spore production and growth and the virulence (severity of disease) have been tested. Although all isolates behaved as pathogen, the virulence of isolates was different. The differences in growth could not be correlated with other characteristics but the two isolates with scarce spore production have also behaved as the weakest pathogen. We have analyzed intergenic spacer (IGS) region polymorphism of ribosomal DNA and random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers to assess the genetic diversity within F. oxysporum isolates. These molecular analyses showed two major groups with different physiological capabilities that could reflect two different lineages. One group was characterized by medium–high sporulation, high virulence and the same IGS-RFLP pattern. The other group was more heterogeneous featuring low–medium sporulation and variable virulence and growth. This first experimental approach to pathogen population could be a good starting point for further studies including non-pathogenic isolates and a larger number of pathogen that could clarify if there are two or more genetic lineages. 相似文献
15.
Shin-ichi Ito Takashi Kawaguchi Ayumi Nagata Hideyuki Tamura Hanako Matsushita Hiroyuki Takahara Shuhei Tanaka Tsuyoshi Ikeda 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2004,70(4):195-201
The antifungal glycoalkaloid -tomatine accumulates in tomato plants and may protect plants from fungal infection. Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici, the causal agent of vascular wilt of tomato, produces a tomatinase (FoToml) that degrades -tomatine to the nontoxic compounds tetrasaccharide lycotetraose and tomatidine. Induction of tomatinases and the distribution of FoToml homologs were examined among 30 strains belonging to 16 formae speciales of F. oxysporum. Tomatinase activity was found in 27 strains belonging to 15 formae speciales, but FoToml homologs (>98% sequence identity) were detected in only six strains belonging to four formae speciales. To identify tomatinases other than FoToml, -tomatine-inducible proteins of another tomato pathogen F. oxysporum f. sp. radicis-lycopersici were analyzed by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. A protein with a molecular mass of 64kDa accumulated in the -tomatine-induced culture filtrates, and the protein had tomatinase activity, degrading -tomatine to lycotetraose and tomatidine. 相似文献
16.
Norio Nishimura 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2007,73(5):342-348
Selective media without pentachloronitrobenzene were developed for quantitative assays of Fusarium
oxysporum in soils. Media Fo-G1 and Fo-G2 were effective for naturally infested soils, Fo-W1 and Fo-W2 for wild-type isolates in soils
containing a nitrate-nonutilizing (nit) mutant, and Fo-N1 and Fo-N2 for nit mutants. Selective media were made using ammonium citrate dibasic, l-sorbose, econazole nitrate, 25% iminoctadine triacetate solution and 50% tolclofos-methyl wettable powder for soil dilutions
of 100-fold or more (Fo-G1, FoW1 and Fo-N1) and 10-fold (Fo-G2, Fo-W2 and Fo-N2). Potassium chlorate was added to Fo-N1 and
Fo-N2. The efficacy for selectively isolating F. oxysporum was confirmed using six soils naturally infested with one of six formae speciales of F. oxysporum and with soil dilutions containing conidia of wild-type strains or nit mutants from the six formae speciales. On Fo-G1 and Fo-G2, most colonies of F. oxysporum were compact and round with purplish or reddish pigment in the reverse. Cylindrocarpon sp. formed colonies as large as those of F. oxysporum but were distinguishable by their colony morphology. Other contaminants such as F. solani, F. moniliforme, and Trichoderma were suppressed by medium ingredients and colonies of F. oxysporum. On Fo-W1 and Fo-W2, colony morphology of F. oxysporum and contaminants corresponded to that on Fo-G1 and Fo-G2, although F. oxysporum failed to produce the pigment. On Fo-N1 and Fo-N2, nit mutants formed clear colonies from 100- and 10-fold soil dilutions, respectively, and contaminants seldom formed large colonies. 相似文献
17.
A. Yogev M. Raviv Y. Hadar R. Cohen J. Katan 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2006,116(4):267-278
The suppressive ability of three plant residue-based composts that could serve as components of soilless media for several vegetable crops was tested on four different formae speciales of Fusarium oxysporum: melonis, basilici, radicis-lycopersici and radicis-cucumerinum. The composts were prepared under controlled conditions from a mixture of separated cow manure (SCM) with orange peels (OP), wheat straw (WS), or dried tomato plants that had been removed from the greenhouse after the end of the season (TP). Disease development in melon, tomato and cucumber seedlings growing in the three composts was significantly less than that observed in peat. Plant inoculation was achieved by conidia produced in culture, conidia naturally produced on infected stems and soil inoculum produced by enriching the soil with infected tissues. Pathogen colonization of the roots and stems of infected melon plants grown in TP–SCM and OP–SCM composts was significantly lower than that of peat-grown plants. Sterilization by gamma irradiation reduced the suppressive capability of TP–SCM and OP–SCM composts, whereas it did not affect the disease development and final disease incidence in peat. Tested formae speciales exhibited differing decline rates of the conidia incorporated in the composts, compared with the rate in the peat control, which suggests that different mechanisms may be involved in the suppression of the different pathogens. The present study shows that composts based on plant-waste residues suppress diseases caused by different formae speciales of Fusarium
oxysporum. 相似文献
18.
Annie Swart G. A. Kamerbeek 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》1976,82(2):81-84
The ethylene production of severalFusarium species and formae speciales in vitro was measured under comparable conditions. All of them produced ethylene.Fusarium oxysporum Schlecht. ex Fr. f.tulipae Apt. produced much more than the other 18 strains investigated.Samenvatting Aangezien er aanwijzingen zijn dat ethyleen een rol speelt bij de aantasting van de tulpebol doorFusarium, werd de ethyleenproduktie van diverse soorten en formae speciales vanFusarium onder standaardvoorwaarden in vitro vergeleken. Alle onderzochteFusarium spp. en vormen vanFusarium produceerden ethyleen.Fusarium oxysporum Schlecht. ex Fr. f.tulipae Apt. bleek in vergelijking met 18 andere getoetste soorten en formae speciales enige duizenden malen meer ethyleen te produceren. 相似文献
19.
G. J. Bollen D. Volker A. P. Wijnen 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》1989,95(Z1):19-30
Samples of heavily infested crop residues were incorporated in static compost heaps (2.5–4.6 m3) of the Indore type. Temperature increased to 50–70°C within 6 days depending on the type of crop residues used and the location within the heap. The heat phase (>40 °C) lasted 2–3 weeks and was followed by a c. 5-months maturation phase (<40 °c).=" among=" the=" 17=" pathogens=" tested,=">Olpidium brassicae and one of the four formae speciales ofFusarium oxysporum that were tested survived composting, but also their inoculum was greatly reduced.Survival during specific phases of composting was studied by incorporation and retrieval of samples at various stages of the process.F. oxysporum f. sp.melonis was completely inactivated andO. brassicae andPlasmodiophora brassicae were almost completely inactivated during the short heat phase. The three pathogens survived the long-lasting maturation phase without loss of viability. Heat evolved during composting was found to be the most important factor involved with sanitation of crop residues. The possible involvement of fungitoxic conversion products and microbial antagonism is discussed. 相似文献
20.
甘草根腐病病原菌鉴定 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
甘草(Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fish.)别名甜草、蜜草、甜根子, 为豆科多年生草本植物, 以根与根茎入药, 具有补脾益气、清热解毒、祛痰止咳、缓急止痛、调和诸药之功效, 是我国临床常用的中药材, 也可用作食品添加剂。甘草主要分布在我国的内蒙古、甘肃和宁夏, 在青海、陕西、新疆、黑龙江、辽宁、吉林、河北、山西等地局部地区也有分布。宁夏盐池县是我国乌拉尔甘草的重要产区, 面积大、贮量多、品质好, 1995年被誉为“中国甘草之乡” [1]。近年来, 野生甘草遭到了大规模采挖, 甘草蕴藏量急剧减少, 目前主要通过人工种植来满足市场需求。随着甘草种植面积的不断扩大, 甘草病虫害日趋严重, 根腐病危害尤为突出, 直接影响甘草的产量和品质, 造成巨大经济损失。 相似文献