共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 328 毫秒
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<正> 水貂需要的营养有糖类、脂肪、蛋白质、矿物质、维生素和水六类,其中蛋白质营养已为大多数水貂饲养者所重视。在良好的营养条件下,大约喂110磅混合饲料就可以取皮,这一数量相当于36磅固体饲料(见表1)。 相似文献
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近几年来,随着毛皮行业的发展,我国毛皮动物的养殖逐渐向规模化、集约化发展,水貂主要饲料来源于人为添加,故饲料中的营养应全价。但是就市场调查结果来看,很多养殖场、专业户忽视了非营养物质——水溶性维生素的添加,并且对其认识不够明确。本文主要阐述了各种水溶性维生素功能、缺乏症状,以及毛皮动物在繁殖期维生素的需要量。 相似文献
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水貂在不同的生长时期,营养需要和日粮标准也不相同。正常情况下,公貂饲料量(即日粮)比母貂饲料量要大些(公:母=5:3)。在不同饲养时期,水貂所需日粮的标准如下:12～2月中旬,水貂所需日粮的总热量为230～260千卡,以重量计算,约125～150克(不包括水)。每日供给肉、鱼类饲料应占总饲料量的60～70%,约85～100克;谷物饲料占15%,约22.5克;蔬菜占15%,约22.5克。另外,每只水貂还需供维生素 E3～5毫克,鱼肝油1000国际单位,酵母4克,食盐0.5克。2月底～3月,水貂所需日粮 相似文献
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J Ty?pp?nen J Hakkarainen T Juokslahti P Lindberg 《American journal of veterinary research》1984,45(9):1790-1794
Tissue responses of 4 different tocopherols found in a basal diet (BD) and the effect of 2 physiologic levels of dl-alpha-tocopheryl acetate (25 and 150 mg/kg) on tissue tocopherol content were studied in the mink. The BD contained a total of 7.1 mg vitamin E/kg, with alpha-, beta-, gamma-, and delta-tocopherol in a ratio of 1:0.07:0.55:0.10, respectively. The corresponding ratios in the tissues were: liver, 1:0.04:0.12:0; plasma, 1:0:0.13:0; and adipose tissue, 1:0:0.19:0. After mink were fed diets containing vitamin E, alpha- and gamma-tocopherol were distributed in similar proportions in plasma and liver, but gamma-tocopherol was in a slightly higher proportion in adipose tissue. Addition of 25 or 150 mg/kg of alpha-tocopheryl acetate to the BD decreased the gamma-tocopherol levels in all 3 tissues; this was considered to be a dilution effect of other tocopherols in BD with added alpha-tocopheryl acetate. The beta-tocopherol content in the liver remained unchanged, irrespective of the dietary amount of alpha-tocopheryl acetate. Plasma alpha-tocopherol had a linear relationship to log dietary dose, with an apparent half-saturation of the vitamin E binding capacity at 13 mg vitamin E/kg diet. At the given dietary levels, liver and adipose continued to accumulate alpha-tocopherol. The correlation between total plasma lipids and plasma alpha-tocopherol was significant (P less than 0.001) only in the group fed the BD. Vitamin E analysis of plasma could be used as a routine method for controlling the vitamin E status of mink.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) 相似文献
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Yellow fat disease was induced in young rats given a vitamin E-deficient diet supplemented with 15% fish oil. The changes in adipose tissue of this oil-induced disorder were different from those of natural yellow fat disease in horse, pig and mink. In the natural disease all fat depots had the early stage of yellow fat disease with interstitial lipofuscin-laden macrophages exclusively. In the rat, however, this change was seen only in the subcutaneous fat depot. Moreover, affected adipose tissue of animals with natural disease had extensive fibrosis, but in the rat fibrosis was always absent. Rats with fish oil-induced yellow fat disease had degenerative changes in various fat depots that occurred at various times but in the horse, pig and mink fat depots were affected simultaneously. Lipofuscin accumulated in the reticuloendothelial system in rats. Accumulation in spleen and liver was dependent on vitamin E deficiency, but only the accumulation in the Kupffer cells was correlated with yellow fat disease. Lipofuscin accumulation in the mesenteric lymph node did not depend on vitamin E deficiency. 相似文献
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Horne SM Goplin JL Giddings CW Dyer NW Nolan LK 《Veterinary research communications》2004,28(2):103-112
Colibacillosis is responsible for significant losses to the mink and cattle industries. Previous work in our laboratory and by others has suggested that possession of cnf1, the gene encoding cytotoxic necrotizing factor (CNF1), may contribute to the virulence of isolates of E. coli from mink and cattle. The cnf1 gene from E. coli isolated from a mink with colisepticaemia and a bovid with scours was amplified and cloned as a 3.5 kb fragment, and the fragment was sequenced. The cnf1 sequences from the mink and bovine isolates of E. coli were compared to each other and to cnf1 sequences of E. coli from urinary tract and diarrhoea-associated infections of humans. The difference was only 7 nucleotides between the cnf1 sequences of the mink and bovine isolates of E. coli, which translated into 7 differences in amino acids. The cnf1 sequence of the mink isolate of E. coli had 15 nucleotide differences from the cnf1 sequences of the human isolate of E. coli (GenBank X70670), which translated into 11 differences in amino acids between these proteins. The cnf1 sequence of the bovine isolate of E. coli had 14 nucleotide differences from the cnf1 sequence of the human isolate of E. coli (GenBank X70670), which translated into 10 differences in amino acids between these proteins. The highly conserved sequences of the amino acids of CNF1 proteins make them a promising target for detection and control of the CNF1-producing E. coli involved in disease among various host species. 相似文献
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Trautwein GW Helmboldt CF 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》1966,149(7):924-928
An epizootic of mastitis in mink due to Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli associated with food poisoning was studied on a Connecticut ranch with 3,500 mink. In the course of the epizootic, approximately 2,000 mink kits and 480 adult mink, mostly nursing females, died within 10 days. Affected females had swollen mammary glands due to acute mastitis; S. aureus was isolated in pure culture from 2 mink and E. coli in pure culture from a 3rd. Staphylococcus aureus was isolated from the organs of 1 mink kit, S. aureus and E. coli from a 2nd kit, and E. coli from a 3rd. The organs of the remaining 7 kits examined did not contain bacteria. Both isolates were pathogenic when inoculated intraperitoneally into mice and mink, causing fatal septicemia within 16 to 24 hours. The meat from a septicemic bovine carcass fed prior to the epizootic was considered a possible source of infection, since it was found to be heavily contaminated with E. coli, S. aureus, and Streptococcus spp. 相似文献
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Investigations concerning the effect on fur-bearing animals of large doses of vitamin D3 were carried out. The material comprised 62 animals in all--10 silver foxes, 17 blue foxes and 35 mink (Table II). Daily doses of 5 IU vitamin D3/g body weight for two months did not produce clinical symptoms in the foxes. However, a short while after the dose was increased to 10 IU, the animals showed loss of appetite, had difficulty in moving, were apathetic and developed dark coloured faeces. Analysis of blood serum showed markedly raised calcium values (Table III). Calcium deposits were demonstrated in the kidneys and in some cases also in the musculature, gastric mucosa, bronchi and the larger blood vessels. No abnormal signs were shown by 30 mink which received 0.6--0.7 IU vitamin D3/g body weight for five months. PM findings were normal. 相似文献
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Experiments aiming at elucidation of the toxicity of Clostridium botulinum type E for mink are described. The observations indicate that amounts in the order of 2 x10s intraperitoneal MLD (mice) or approximately 200 MLD per g of type E toxin will kill a mink after oral administration. The symptoms observed in the animals were atypical as there was an unusually short period between administration of the toxin and the onset of symptoms and deaths of the animals. Similar results were obtained when Clostridium botulinum type E toxin was fed to Swiss mice. When mice were protected by subcutaneous injections of type E antitoxin prior to feeding the animals survived without showing any symptoms.Subcutaneous injection of type E toxin in amounts of the order of 2 x10s intraperitoneal MLD (mice) killed mink, and typical symptoms of botulism were observed. This quantity corresponds to ap-proximately 2 intraperitoneal MLD (mice) per g.Comparison is made with previous observations obtained in similar experiments made with Clostridium botulinum type C toxin. It is shown that mink arc substantially less susceptible to type E than to type C toxin when the toxins are given by mouth. On this basis previous results in reports on outbreaks of botulism in mink caused by Clostridium botulinum type E may be regarded as questionable. 相似文献
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D.C. Dodd B.V.Sc. 《New Zealand veterinary journal》2013,61(12):224-225
Extract Hepatosis diaetetica of pigs (nutritional liver necrosis, toxic liver dystrophy, etc.) is a disease entity characterized by necrosis of parenchymal cells without any particular distribution within the liver. It has long been known that it could be produced by adding cod liver oil to the diet and prevented by adding vitamin E. Nutritional liver necrosis in the pig is now known to be one of the many manifestations of deficiency of vitamin E (α-tocopherol) and/or selenium which occur in numerous animal species. Some of these conditions are: white muscle disease (nutritional muscular dystrophy or degeneration) which is known in all the domestic and many non-domestic species; dietetic microangiopathy (mulberry heart) of pigs; exudative diathesis and encephalomalacia of chickens ; yellow fat disease of pigs, rats and mink ; oesophago-gastric ulcers in pigs. 相似文献
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The distribution of diagnoses of mortality in mink submitted to the Danish Veterinary Laboratory (DVL) for diagnostic investigation in the calendar year 1997 was compared with the diagnoses of mortality in all dead mink collected at 4 selected farms (project farms) during the same period. A total of 1,015 submitted mink and 1,149 mink from the 4 project farms were subjected to post mortem investigation. The average size (breeding stock) of the project farms was larger than Danish farms on average. However, the distribution of colour types of the mink was comparable. The seasonal distribution of the material from project farms and that of the submissions were approximately the same. Differences in the distribution of diagnoses as well as recovered microorganisms were found, however, mainly related to the proportion of gastro-intestinal disorders and E. coli respectively. These proportions were negatively correlated. Overall the results showed that extrapolating diagnostic results of laboratory submissions to the population of farmed mink may be problematic, and more reliable methods for disease surveillance must be considered. 相似文献
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本试验旨在研究当日粮钙磷比一定时,维生素D和钙水平对冬毛期水貂生长性能、营养物质消化率及氮、钙、磷代谢的影响。随机选取（135±5）日龄、健康雄性水貂117只,分成9组,每组13个重复,每个重复1只。采用3×3双因素随机试验设计,设3个维生素D水平,分别为2 300、4 300、6 300 IU/kg;设3个钙水平,分别为2.0%、2.4%、2.8%,钙磷比固定为1.7∶1,配制9组试验日粮,分别为：Ⅰ组（2 300 IU/kg维生素D＋2.0%钙）、Ⅱ组（4 300 IU/kg维生素D＋2.0%钙）、Ⅲ组（6 300 IU/kg维生素D＋2.0%钙）、Ⅳ组（2 300 IU/kg维生素D＋2.4%钙）、Ⅴ组（4 300 IU/kg维生素D＋2.4%钙）、Ⅵ组（6 300 IU/kg维生素D＋2.4%钙）、Ⅶ组（2 300 IU/kg维生素D＋2.8%钙）、Ⅷ组（4 300 IU/kg维生素D＋2.8%钙）、Ⅸ组（6 300 IU/kg维生素D＋2.8%钙）。预试期13 d,正试期60 d。结果表明：①各组水貂料重比差异极显著（P<0.01）,Ⅱ组最低。钙水平对料重比有显著影响（P<0.05）,维生素D水平对料重比有极显著影响（P<0.01）。②钙水平可极显著影响粗脂肪消化率（P<0.01）,其中2.8%水平极显著低于2.0%和2.4%水平（P<0.01）。③日粮维生素D和钙水平对水貂氮代谢指标均无显著影响（P>0.05）。④各组水貂粪钙、粪磷、钙消化率、磷消化率均差异极显著（P<0.01）,其中Ⅱ组钙消化率、磷消化率最高,Ⅲ组次之。钙水平可极显著影响粪钙、粪磷、钙消化率、磷消化率（P<0.01）,2.0%水平可极显著降低粪钙、粪磷含量（P<0.01）,极显著提高钙消化率及磷消化率（P<0.01）。维生素D水平对钙消化率影响显著（P<0.05）,对粪磷、磷消化率影响极显著（P<0.01）,2 300~4 300 IU/kg维生素D水平有利于提高钙消化率、磷消化率,降低粪磷含量。综合考虑各项指标,在本试验条件下,日粮中钙磷比为1.7∶1,维生素D水平为2 300~4 300 IU/kg、钙水平为2.0%时,冬毛期水貂料重比及钙、磷排放量较低,而粗脂肪、钙、磷消化率较高。 相似文献