共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 78 毫秒
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植物内生菌是生活在植物中而不引起疾病的一类微生物,在促进植物生长和保护植物免受胁迫上发挥着重要的作用。玉米作为世界上主要的粮食和饲料作物之一,面临诸多生物和非生物胁迫的影响。内生菌能够免受环境的压力直接作用于植物调节生长,挖掘玉米内生菌的功能是一种有效、可持续的生物防治策略。本研究以玉米为研究对象,综述了玉米内生菌的物种组成和核心菌群、生物学功能和作用机制,包括提高玉米作物产量、防治各种玉米病虫害和提高抗逆能力,以及其他植物内生菌在玉米上的功能研究进展,并且对内生菌剂在玉米生产上的潜力和挑战进行了初步分析,为玉米产业可持续发展提供助力。 相似文献
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植物内生菌能产生一系列具有抗菌活性的代谢产物。对植物内生菌产生的抗菌活性物质的来源及抗菌活性物质的多样性进行了综述。 相似文献
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随着植物微生态系统研究的不断深入,内生细菌的存在和作用已得到广泛共识。内生细菌在植物不同器官分布数量存在显著差异。根内生细菌数量远远超过其他植物器官,具有寄主植物多样性和种属多样性特征,是多种生物因素和非生物因素共同作用的结果。内生细菌可利用风、土壤颗粒、水、农业器具等多种外力条件和人类、鸟、昆虫、线虫等多种媒介从根际土壤定殖在寄主植物根内部,具有溶磷、产生植物激素、固氮、合成铁载体、诱导植物产生抗性、产生抗真菌代谢产物等多种生物功能。笔者对根内生细菌多样性、定殖过程、促生作用及应用前景几方面进行综述,目的在于深入了解植物根组织内生细菌资源,为植物内生菌资源开发利用提供参考。 相似文献
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植物内生菌能产生一系列具有抗菌活性的代谢产物.对植物内生菌产生的抗菌活性物质的来源及抗菌活性物质的多样性进行了综述. 相似文献
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广谱植物内生真菌枫香拟茎点霉生态功能的研究进展 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
旨在证明枫香拟茎点霉(Phomopsis liquidambari)有潜力成为广谱内生菌的模式菌株之一,有利于促进内生真菌与宿主植物之间的研究更加系统化、完整化。本研究综述了一株广谱植物内生真菌P.liquidambari在改善土壤化学特性,修复受污染的土壤,优化农业生态,提高农作物产量方面的作用。并从真菌定殖情况、植物生理响应和土壤环境优化三个方面,将该菌株与当前研究较多的印度梨形孢(Piriformospora indica)进行比较,并展望了P.liquidambari的研究前景。 相似文献
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旨在优化植物根内生菌高通量测序分析技术,更好地解析健康与患根肿病上海青根内生菌之间的差异。采用高通量测序方法,对其16S rDNA的V3-V4区进行扩增,并通过合适的软件和数据库进行菌群分析。结果表明,植物内生菌受植物叶绿体DNA的干扰大,平均叶绿体数据占67%。上海青根内生微生物菌群具有丰富的多样性,主要由变形菌门、放线菌门、拟杆菌门和厚壁菌门细菌组成,优势种群为假单胞菌,根瘤菌,芽孢杆菌,以及链霉菌等。健康样品的稳定性较好,不同患根肿病样品之间菌群比例差异较大。研究显示,根肿病侵染对上海青根内生菌群的结构和组成有较为显著的影响。 相似文献
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甘草内生菌能够产生与宿主植物相同、相似或全新的活性代谢物。采用内生菌发酵法生产甘草次生代谢物对可持续利用甘草资源及筛选新型活性代谢产物具有重要意义。在过去的几十年,尽管人们对甘草内生菌多样性、分离和鉴定、药理作用、次生代谢产物等方面进行了研究,并取得了一定的成果,但还远远不能满足生产的需要,甘草内生菌作为微生物资源是天然产物的重要来源。本研究综述了甘草内生菌及其次生代谢产物的相关研究,归纳出甘草内生菌可产甘草苷、甘草次酸、甘草素等次生代谢产物,并针对甘草内生菌次生代谢产物研究中存在的问题进行了展望,为合理利用甘草内生菌及进一步开发应用提供参考。 相似文献
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植物与微生物互作的研究进展 总被引：13，自引：2，他引：11
植物与其生长环境中的微生物关系密切,两者形成了植物-微生物共生体系统。植物影响着其周围及体内的微生物的群落结构,这些微生物又通过其生命活动影响植物的生长发育。了解与认识植物与微生物的相互作用对于农业生产具有重要意义。本文就植物类型及植物根系分泌物对微生物群落结构及多样性的影响,植物根际微生物、叶围微生物和内生菌（包括内生真菌、内生细菌以及内生放线菌）对植物生长发育的影响等进行了综述,并就其将来的研究方向做了展望。 相似文献
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Herrick Sydney Easton 《Euphytica》2007,154(3):295-306
Neotyphodium endophytes profoundly affect the biology of their host grasses, including the important forage species perennial ryegrass,
tall fescue and meadow fescue. The endophytic association is finely balanced, involving adaptation in each associate. The
evidence for co-adaptation is discussed. The presence of endophyte, and the difference between endophyte strains, can affect
some plant properties more than genetic variation intrinsic to the host. Conversely, host genotype exerts significant influence
on the activity of the endophyte. Control of endophyte status is essential in any grass breeding programme, and developing
knowledge of endophyte and its role in a herbage association offers new opportunities to grass breeders. 相似文献
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Ssenku Jamilu E. Nabyonga Lydia Kitalikyawe Joseph Ntambi Saidi Aguttu Gorreti Mustafa Abubakar S. 《Journal of Crop Science and Biotechnology》2022,25(1):9-18
Journal of Crop Science and Biotechnology - Azolla fern has traditionally been used over centuries as a source of nutrients for rice grown in paddies with minimal attention on crops grown... 相似文献
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为了选择一种省时省力、简单有效的皱边石杉内生真菌菌丝体总DNA提取方法,采用氯化苄法提取其总DNA,对比研究石英砂研磨与超声波振荡2种破壁方式对其DNA的提取效能。结果表明,采用石英砂研磨法提取的DNA,其点样孔附近残余杂质较多、拖尾现象严重;超声波破壁法提取的DNA质量总体较好,DNA条带在23.1 kb处集中,多糖、蛋白质等杂质污染少,拖尾现象轻微。比较而言,超声波破壁法可快捷、高效提取皱边石杉内生真菌菌丝体DNA,适于植物内生真菌DNA大规模快速提取,尤其对质地坚硬的菌落较石英砂研磨更有效。提取的DNA经琼脂糖凝胶电泳、ITS序列扩增,表明超声波破壁法提取的DNA与石英砂研磨法一样,均可获得良好的PCR扩增结果。 相似文献
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Íigo Zabalgogeazcoa Antonia García Ciudad Beatriz R. Vzquez de Aldana Balbino García Criado 《European Journal of Agronomy》2006,24(4):374-384
Festuca rubra, a commercially important turfgrass, is a common species in natural semiarid grasslands of western Spain. In natural populations of this grass, about 70% of the individuals are infected by the fungal endophyte Epichloë festucae. In most cases, infected plants are asymptomatic. To test if there were differences in growth or nutrient content between infected (E+) and uninfected (E−) plants, five half-sib lines of F. rubra were used. Each line consisted of E+ and E− individuals. These plants were used for a 5 years long field experiment in conditions typical of the surrounding semiarid grasslands. The soil was poor in nutrients, and rainfall was scarce in the spring and summer. No differences in biomass production or number of stems were observed between E+ and E− plants. Regarding nutrient content, E+ plants in vegetative state contained more phosphorus than E− plants. This effect was consistently observed in the 3 years that this type of tissue was analyzed. In one of these 3 years Mn content was lower in E+ plants than in their E− counterparts. In plants in a reproductive stage, differences between E+ and E− plants were found with respect to Ca, Mg, and Cu content. In this developmental stage, the contents of neutral detergent fiber and lignin were lower in infected plants, and their organic matter digestibility was greater. The evidence presented in this study shows that in field conditions, the content of certain nutrients, P in particular, and fiber constituents of F. rubra are altered when the plants are infected by the endophyte E. festucae. Since most nutrients were found in concentrations below the adequate range for plant growth, increased P content is a beneficial effect of E. festucae infection. This fact helps to explain why endophyte infection incidence is high in natural populations of F. rubra, and why the development of endophyte infected turfgrass cultivars may be useful for low maintenance lawns. 相似文献
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黄连木种子组织培养不同消毒方法的研究 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
黄连木是中国一种重要的木本能源植物,由于其种子存在内生菌,造成以种子为外植体的组织培养困难。为了高效获得可以用于组织培养研究的无菌种苗,笔者研究了各种消毒方法对其内生菌的抑制效果,以黄连木成熟种子为外植体,分别测试了种子浸泡与否、20% NaClO、0.1% HgCl2、10% H2O2及20% NaClO溶液与超声波相结合等消毒处理对其抑菌和发芽效果的影响。结果表明,在种子消毒之前,不经过预浸泡处理的消毒效果要远好于浸泡处理24 h的消毒效果;20% NaClO和0.1% HgCl2溶液对黄连木种子内生菌均有一定的抑制作用,但对发芽率有明显影响,最高发芽率仅为46%。10% H2O2的除菌效果好于前2种方法,且处理后的种子发芽率得到提高。而采用20% NaClO溶液与超声复合处理种子10 min,可以获得更好控制污染的效果,且有利于种子的萌发,种子发芽率可达79%。因此,NaClO溶液与超声复合处理为黄连木种子消毒的理想方法。 相似文献
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Fungal Endophytes Enhance Agronomically Important Traits in Severely Drought‐Stressed Barley 
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下载免费PDF全文 B. R. Murphy L. Martin Nieto F. M. Doohan T. R. Hodkinson 《Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science》2015,201(6):419-427
Crops often face severe and damaging local drought events, and in some regions, these episodes are predicted to become more frequent due to climate change. Some micro‐organisms have been shown to improve drought tolerance and improve yield in crop plants. Here, we show that fungal root endophytes isolated from a wild barley species (Hordeum murinum subsp. murinum) induced significant improvements in agronomic traits for a severely drought‐stressed barley cultivar grown in a controlled environment, including number of tillers, grain yield and shoot biomass. Five endophyte strains were tested, and the trait that showed the greatest significant difference in the drought‐stressed plants was the number of tillers, where all of the endophyte treatments induced a greater number of tillers per plant. However, except in one case, the mean dry root weight for all plants was greater in the control plants, indicating preferential allocation of resources to aboveground parts in the endophyte treatments. Results were not consistent across all endophyte treatments, with some endophytes performing much better than others. As these growth studies were conducted using soil‐based compost, the results may translate to the field and suggest that some of these endophytes have potential as barley inoculants in arid growing conditions. 相似文献
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Many wild and cultivated grasses live in mutualistic symbiosis with endophytic fungi of the genera Neotyphodium and Epichloë. These associations are of agronomic importance because endophytes may induce a range of beneficial effects for the host plant but also produce alkaloids detrimental to livestock. Conventional detection of endophytes by means of histological staining is time‐consuming and not suited for large numbers of samples. Therefore, in order to simplify the detection of endophytic fungi the utility of tissue print immunoassay (TPIA) was studied and compared with the commonly used microscopic analysis. Ecotypes collected from natural grassland habitats and plants from field experiments were analyzed for endophyte infection. Both methods provided similar results. Based on stained or non‐stained mycelium in tissue prints, endophyte‐infected (E +) and endophyte‐free (E‐) tillers and inflorescences of Festuca pratensis, F. arundinacea and F. rubra were clearly distinguishable. Prints of cross sections of tillers allow the precise localization of endophyte infection within the plant tissues. Because TPIA allows the examination of endophytes in individual branches and segments of inflorescences it is a useful method for dissemination studies. Tissue print immunoassay appears to be a reliable method suited for routine work in research, practical grassland management and selection of defined E + or E‐ material for breeding. 相似文献