共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 578 毫秒
1.
土壤水分胁迫对不同肥水类型冬小麦品种花后光合特性及产量的影响 总被引：3，自引：3，他引：0
为给小麦抗旱育种和节水高产栽培提供理论和技术支持,以山东省6个不同肥水类型的冬小麦品种（‘青麦6号’、‘鲁麦21’、‘烟农21’、‘烟农24’、‘济麦22’、‘良星99’）为材料,研究了水分胁迫对冬小麦花后光合特性与产量的影响及品种间差异。结果表明,在水分胁迫条件下,各冬小麦品种花后叶面积指数、旗叶叶绿素含量、净光合速率、气孔导度、蒸腾速率和水分利用效率均有所降低,产量显著下降。品种间对水分胁迫反应差异显著,其中旱地品种‘青麦6号’在水分胁迫条件下,旗叶叶绿素含量、净光合速率、蒸腾速率、水分利用效率及气孔导度均高于其他品种,产量构成因素和产量降低幅度最小,产量最高,仅比同期水分处理下降了14%。 相似文献
2.
3.
旱地小麦品种水分利用效率研究 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
以目前山西省12个旱地小麦主推品种和新育成品种为材料,在晋南旱地麦区进行大田试验,分析了在旱作栽培条件下,不同品种冬小麦品种籽粒产量、水分利用效率（WUE）的差异。试验表明,不同冬小麦品种之间产量、WUE和降雨生产力存在明显遗传差异,根据试验材料的籽粒产量和水分利用效率可分为3种类型：即高产高效型,产量在2900 kg/hm2以上,水分利用效率较高,平均为16.89 kg/( hm2?mm);中产中效型,产量在2700~2900 kg/hm2之间,水分利用效率平均为16.08 kg/( hm2?mm);低产低效型,产量在2700 kg/hm2以下,水分利用效率较低,平均为15.62 kg/(hm2?mm)。参试品种间耗水系数和降雨生产力间有明显的差异,耗水系数极差达132.11,降雨生产力极差达2.81 kg/(hm2?mm)。说明通过将抗旱、高水分利用效率和高产基因进行聚合杂交,可以实现抗旱高水分利用效率和高产性状统一于一体,培育出抗旱高水分利用效率和高产的小麦品种。高产高效品种可作为旱地小麦生产上的主推广品种加以应用,中产中效品种可作为搭配品种进行推广应用。 相似文献
4.
干旱胁迫对彩色棉花农艺、品质性状及水分利用效率的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了探索干旱胁迫对彩色棉花主要性状的影响及其水分利用机理,选用7个不同色彩的棉花品种(系),在常规灌溉、胁迫灌溉和生育期不灌溉3种环境条件下,调查其农艺性状、品质性状、水分利用效率(WUE)及产量。结果表明,干旱胁迫下不同色彩棉花品种的单株成铃数、单铃重、株高、花铃期叶片数、有效果枝数、收获指数、果节数、籽指、茎粗和果茎节间长度减少,衣分增加;灌水量减少一半,参试棉花品种的产量均降低,不灌溉处理的籽棉产量与常规灌溉间差异显著(P<0.05);籽棉产量的降低幅度品种间存在较大差异(P<0.05),棕色棉的减产幅度高于绿色棉。常规灌溉处理下,白色棉花水分利用效率高于棕色棉花和绿色棉花,而后二者差异不显著;干旱胁迫下,棕色棉花的水分利用效率高于绿色棉花。与水分利用效率相关的主要农艺性状、品质指标是：叶片数、单株成铃数、有效果枝数、果节数、株高、收获指数、单铃重、主茎节间长度、茎粗、籽指、衣分。 相似文献
5.
通过在防雨棚中进行的盆栽试验,对6个高粱品种的子粒产量水分利用效率(WUE)及其相关生育性状指标,以及出苗后0～68天、0～95天、0～112天的生物量WUE及相关生育性状指标进行了研究,得出以下结论:6个高粱品种间子粒产量WUE的差异是由子粒产量和耗水量的差异造成的,并可分为高产低耗型、高产中耗型、中产中耗型、高产高耗型、低产低耗型和低产高耗型6个类型;光合速率(Pn)、叶面积、叶绿素与子粒产量WUE关系密切;具有高生物量WUE的品种同时也具有高子粒产量WUE;地上部干物重和根系性状与生物量WUE关系密切;根干重、根体积和根长是根系生长的3个重要因素;前期根小冠大和后期的根大冠小有利于提高生物量WUE. 相似文献
6.
不同品种冬小麦生理耗水及产量特性研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
采用密闭式盆栽方法,于2006年10月—2007年6月在中国科学院栾城农业生态系统试验站,对4种较典型的生态型品种冬小麦进行不同水肥处理,生理耗水、产量和水分利用效率（WUE）等的进行比较研究结果表明,冬小麦品种间全生育期生理耗水在充足供水且施肥条件下存在显著差异,最大相差达9.9%,差异主要由返青后各生育期日耗水和总耗水的差异累积而致。施肥增加作物生理耗水量和干物质积累,提高植株水平WUE（蒸腾效率）,其促进作用随土壤水分含量的升高而增大;施肥略微降低产量水平WUE,但差异不显著。水分对籽粒产量的贡献大于肥料的贡献,水分胁迫提高各品种植株水平WUE。各品种全生育期生理耗水量和生物量在不同水肥条件下的表现更多的与品种自身特性有关。在类似于农业生产的正常年份的水肥条件（充足供水且施肥）下,对各品种在生理耗水、生物量、籽粒产量和WUE方面的比较表明,水旱兼用型品种石家庄8号在经济产量和产量水平WUE方面表现最优,有更大的推广价值。 相似文献
7.
水分胁迫对大丽花光合作用、蒸腾和气孔导度的影响 总被引：9，自引：4，他引：5
以大丽花品种‘粉西施’盆栽扦插苗为试材,研究了不同程度水分胁迫及复水对大丽花品种粉西施叶片光合作用、蒸腾和气孔导度的影响。结果表明：随着水分胁迫程度的加深和胁迫时间的延长,大丽花叶片的净光合速率(Pn)、蒸腾速率(Tr)、气孔导度(Gs)和水分利用率(WUE)下降,胞间CO2浓度(Ci)先下降后上升,气孔限制值Ls先升高后下降。轻度和中度水分胁迫下,气孔限制是Pn降低的主要原因;重度水分胁迫下,非气孔限制是Pn降低的主要原因。重度胁迫更早对大丽花叶片造成伤害,重度胁迫下复水后光合指标难以恢复。 相似文献
8.
茶树品种光合与水分利用特性比较及聚类分析 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
在自然条件下测定52个茶树品种叶片的光合与生理参数并对其进行数值分类以及主成分、聚类和判别分析。结果表明, 叶片净光合速率(Pn)、蒸腾速率(Tr)、气孔导度(Gs)、胞间CO2浓度(Ci)及水分利用效率(WUE)的品种间差异达极显著水平(P<0.01); 选出3个主成分分析, 方差累计贡献率达到96.98%, Pn、Tr、Gs为第一主成分的主导因子, WUE、Ci均为第二主成分和第三主成分的主导因子; 根据Pn、Tr、Gs和WUE 4个指标聚类, 52个茶树品种聚为5类, 其中I类的15个品种为高光合速率、中等蒸腾速率、低气孔阻力、高水分利用效率类型, 可用于茶树的品种改良; 在聚类分析基础上用判别分析选出对茶树光合与生理性状数值分类有显著影响的4个参数, 建立了5个判别能力较高的判别模型。 相似文献
9.
10.
二倍体小麦种间水分利用效率的差异及与根系生长的关系 总被引：16，自引：0，他引：16
提高作物水分利用效率(WUE)是当前半干旱地区农业研究的热点问题.利用管栽和田间干旱棚试验在两种土壤水分条件下,研究了5个不同二倍体小麦种WUE的差异及其与根系生长之间的关系.结果发现:两种水分条件下,不同二倍体小麦种间WUE存在显著差异,其从大到小的排列顺序为RR＞DD＞AA＞BB,说明R染色体组上可能存在控制高水分利用效率 相似文献
11.
Leaf,canopy and agronomic water‐use efficiency of field‐grown sugar beet in response to potassium fertilization 
下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 B. Jákli M. Hauer‐Jákli F. Böttcher J. Meyer zur Müdehorst M. Senbayram K. Dittert 《Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science》2018,204(1):99-110
Potassium (K) fertilization is important to maintain adequate concentrations of plant available K in agricultural soils to achieve best yields and improve crop stress tolerance and water‐use efficiency (WUE). Water‐use efficiency (WUE) can be expressed on various spatiotemporal scales, and it is known that responses of WUE to external stress are not uniform across scales. Multiscale evaluations of the impact of varying K fertilization on the WUE of C3 crops under field conditions are missing so far. In the present field study, we evaluated effects of K fertilization on WUE of sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) on short‐termed leaf‐ (WUELeaf) and canopy‐scales (WUECanopy) and as the agronomic ratio of white sugar yield (WSY) to in‐season water use (i.e. WUEWSY). In K‐fertilized plots, WUEWSY was enhanced by 15.9%. This effect is attributed to increased beet yield and WSY, as no differences in total in‐season water use between fertilized and unfertilized plots were observed. Potassium (K) fertilization significantly enhanced the leaf area index, resulting in a more efficient depletion of soil moisture by roots in K‐fertilized plots. As a consequence, WUELeaf was increased due to stomatal adjustment. Potassium (K) improved WUECanopy only by tendency. It is concluded that K fertilization improves the WUE of field‐grown sugar beet across scales, but processes that regulate WUE are highly scale dependent. 相似文献
12.
《European Journal of Agronomy》2006,24(3):218-225
Improvements in drought tolerance of crop plants require research focused on physiological processes. In 2002 and 2003 pot experiments with sugar beet were conducted in a greenhouse. Two (2002) or three (2003) different genotypes were subjected to three watering regimes (100, 50 and 20% of water holding capacity). Gas exchange, chlorophyll fluorescence and water-use efficiency (WUE) as parameters of possible relevance for drought stress tolerance in sugar beet were investigated. It was studied whether 13C discrimination (Δ) is suitable as an indirect measure for WUE of sugar beet.DM yield, photosynthesis rate, transpiration rate and stomatal conductance decreased with increasing severity of drought stress. In contrast, internal CO2 partial pressure remained relatively stable and effective quantum yield of photosynthesis was reduced only under severe drought, which points at non-stomatal inhibition of photosynthesis. Different sugar beet genotypes showed significant differences in DM yield, but interactions between genotype and water supply did not occur, indicating that genotypic differences in drought tolerance did not exist. In accordance with that, drought-sensitivity of gas exchange and chlorophyll fluorescence was the same in different genotypes. Δ was higher in the leaves than in the taproot. Reductions in Δ in drought-stressed plants corresponded to about 24% higher WUE. Differentiating between plant organs, only leaf Δ was negatively correlated with WUEL whereas taproot Δ and WUET were unrelated. Δ was therefore proven to be a sensitive indicator for water availability during the growing period. However, similar as other parameters relevant for drought stress tolerance it requires investigations in broader genetic material of sugar beet to detect genotypic differences. 相似文献
13.
Temporal and seasonal water deficit is one of the major factors limiting crop yield on the Canadian prairie. Selection for low carbon isotope discrimination (Δ13C) or high water‐use efficiency (WUE) can lead to improved yield in some environments. To understand better the physiology and WUE of barley under drought conditions on the Canadian prairie, 12 barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) genotypes with contrasting levels of leaf Δ13C were investigated for performance stability across locations and years in Alberta, Canada. Four of those genotypes (‘CDC Cowboy’, ‘Niobe’, ‘170011’ and ‘Kasota’) were also grown in the greenhouse under well‐watered and water‐deficit conditions to examine genotypic variations in leaf Δ13C, WUE, gas exchange parameters and specific leaf area (SLA). The water‐deficit treatment was imposed at the jointing stage for 10 days followed by re‐watering to pre‐deficit level. Genotypic ranking in leaf Δ13C was highly consistent, with ‘170011’, ‘CDC Cowboy’ and ‘W89001002003’ being the lowest and ‘Kasota’‘160049’ and ‘H93174006’ being the highest leaf Δ13C. Under field and greenhouse (well‐watered) conditions, leaf Δ13C was significantly correlated with stomatal conductance (gs). Water deficit significantly increased WUE, with ‘CDC Cowboy’– a low leaf Δ13C genotype with significantly higher WUE and lower percentage decline in assimilation rate (A) and gs than the other three genotypes (‘Niobe’, ‘170011’ and ‘Kasota’). We conclude that leaf Δ13C is a stable trait in the genotypes evaluated. Low leaf Δ13C of ‘CDC Cowboy’ was achieved by maintaining a high A and a low gs, with comparable biomass and grain yield to genotypes showing a high gs under field conditions; hence, selection for a low leaf Δ13C genotype such as ‘CDC Cowboy’ maybe important for maintaining productivity and yield stability under water‐limited conditions on the Canadian prairie. 相似文献
14.
Nader Katerji Marcello Mastrorilli Houssem Eddine Cherni 《European Journal of Agronomy》2010,32(2):177-185
This study analyses the role of variability induced by climate and soil properties (texture and total available soil water in the root zone, TAW) on the “corn deficit irrigation–water use efficiency” relation over a 25-year period, between 1981 and 2005, in three different sites located in the South of Italy. The analysis of water use efficiency was carried out by means of three indexes: crops water use efficiency (WUEET and WUET) and irrigation water use efficiency (IWUE). These indexes can be obtained by calculating the ratio between the yield and the seasonal values of evapotranspiration (ET), transpiration (T) and irrigation volume (I). After its validation, the STICS model was retained to simulate the variables required to determine these indexes.Climatic variability affected the three indexes in different ways during the 25-year period studied. The dispersion around the mean values of the water use efficiency is 17% on average for the WUE (ET or T) indexes, whereas it could reach 54% for the IWUE index. This last index is only poorly reliable due to the high variability of rainfall during the corn growing season in the Mediterranean region.For the same level of soil water deficit, TAW led to an improvement (the case of the site with a high TAW and loam–clay soil texture), a stabilisation (the case of the site with a high TAW and clay soil texture) or a decrease (the case of the site with a poor TAW and clay soil texture) in WUEET and WUET values. For the same conditions of soil water deficit and TAW, crops water use efficiency was higher in loam textured soil than in clay soil.The results derived by analyzing three indexes (WUEET, WUET and IWUE) converge to the same conclusions on the “corn deficit irrigation–water use efficiency” relation observed at the three different sites.The hypotheses which may explain the differences observed in the different sites studied in terms of water use efficiency are discussed, with the presentation of some suggestions devised for corn irrigation practices. 相似文献
15.
L. Duan C. Guan J. Li A. E. Eneji Z. Li & Z. Zhai 《Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science》2008,194(1):9-14
Chemical regulation using plant growth regulators has proved to be potentially beneficial in water‐saving agriculture. This experiment was conducted with winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cv. ‘Jingdong 6’) to study the effect of chemical regulation on alleviation of water deficit stress during the grain filling stage. Uniconazole, a plant growth regulator, was foliar sprayed at 85 % (adequate irrigation) and 60 % (deficit irrigation) field capacity. Results showed that the distribution of 3H‐H2O in roots and flag leaf, characteristics of vascular bundle in primary roots and internode below spike, roots activity, transpiration rate and stomatal conductance of flag leaf were negatively affected by deficit irrigation after flowering. Foliar spraying at the early jointing stage with 13.5 gha?1 uniconazole was able to relieve and compensate for the harmful effects of deficit irrigation. Both the area of vascular bundle in primary roots and internode below the ear were increased by uniconazole, while root viability and their ability to absorb and transport water were increased. In the flag leaf, stomatal conductance was reduced to maintain the transpiration rate and water use efficiency (WUE) measured for a single wheat plant was higher. Uniconazole increased WUE by 25.0 % under adequate and 22 % under deficit irrigations. Under adequate irrigations, the 14C‐assimilates export rate from flag leaf in 12 h (E12h) was increased by 65 % and 36 % in early and late filling stages, while under deficit irrigations, the E12h of uniconazole‐treated plants exceeded that of control plants by 5 % and 34 % respectively. Physiological damages caused by water deficiency during the grain filling stage of wheat was alleviated by foliar spraying with uniconazole. 相似文献
16.
Physiological Response of Multiple Contrasting Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Cultivars to Suboptimal Temperatures 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 M. M. Rachoski A. Vidal O. A. Ruiz A. B. Menéndez A. A. Rodríguez 《Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science》2015,201(2):117-127
The physiological response of multiple rice cultivars, eighteen initially and eight cultivars later on, to suboptimal temperatures (ST) conditions was investigated in laboratory and outdoor experimental conditions. Treatment with ST decreased growth in different extents according to the cultivar and affected the PSII performance, determined by chlorophyll fluorescence fast‐transient test, and stomatal conductance, regardless the experimental condition. Two groups of cultivars could be distinguished on the base of their growth and physiological parameters. The group of cultivars presenting higher growths displayed optimal JIP values, and higher instantaneous water use efficiency (WUEi), due to a lower Gs under ST, unlike cultivars showing lower growth values, which presented worse JIP values and could not adjust their Gs and hence their WUEi. In this work, we detected at least two cultivars with superior tolerance to ST than the cold tolerant referent Koshihikari. These cultivars could be used as parents or tolerance donors in breeding for new crop varieties. On other hand, positive and significant correlations between data obtained from laboratory and outdoor experiments suggest that laboratory measurements of most of the above mentioned parameters would be useful to predict the response of rice cultivars to ST outdoor. 相似文献
17.
亏缺灌溉下小麦水分利用效率与光合产物积累运转的相关研究 总被引：27，自引：5，他引：27
在大田栽培条件下,以小麦旱地品种晋麦47和西峰20、水旱兼用型品种石家庄8号和水地品种4185为材料,分别进行0水(T0)、一水(T1)和二水灌溉(T2)处理(每次灌水量60mm),研究了光合速率、叶面积指数、干物质积累与分配、根系分布、耗水量、产量因子与水分利用效率(WUE)的关系。结果表明,在拔节前不灌溉,拔节到开花期亏缺灌溉,促进干物质积累和深根发育。随着灌溉水的增加,耗水量显著增加,产量和WUE与耗水量呈二次曲线关系。T0处理显著减少了干物质积累和成穗数,产量、经济系数(HI)和WUE最低。T1和T2产量的提高主要是增加了穗数和穗粒数。灌浆期水分亏缺降低了光合速率(Pn)和气孔导度(Gs),加速了功能叶片的衰老,但诱导了花前储存碳库的再转运,显著提高了HI和产量。因此,在拔节和开花期亏缺灌溉促进根系生长,提高了土壤水分的利用效率。而产量和产量WUE的提高主要是由于增加了灌浆期叶片的Pn和光合功能持续期,促进花前储存碳库的再转运,显著提高了HI。 相似文献
18.
亏缺灌溉下小麦水分利用效率与光合产物积累运转的相关研究 总被引：16，自引：1，他引：15
在大田栽培条件下,以小麦旱地品种晋麦47和西峰20、水旱兼用型品种石家庄8号和水地品种4185为材料,分别进行0水（T0）、一水（T1）和二水灌溉（T2）处理（每次灌水量60 mm）,研究了光合速率、叶面积指数、干物质积累与分配、根系分布、耗水量、产量因子与水分利用效率（WUE）的关系。结果表明,在拔节前不灌溉,拔节到开花期亏缺灌溉,促进干物质积累和深根发育。随着灌溉水的增加,耗水量显著增加,产量和WUE与耗水量呈二次曲线关系。T0处理显著减少了干物质积累和成穗数,产量、经济系数（HI）和WUE最低。T1和T2产量的提高主要是增加了穗数和穗粒数。灌浆期水分亏缺降低了光合速率（Pn）和气孔导度（Gs）,加速了功能叶片的衰老,但诱导了花前储存碳库的再转运,显著提高了HI和产量。因此,在拔节和开花期亏缺灌溉促进根系生长,提高了土壤水分的利用效率。而产量和产量WUE的提高主要是由于增加了灌浆期叶片的Pn和光合功能持续期,促进花前储存碳库的再转运,显著提高了HI。 相似文献
19.
J. A. González M. Bruno M. Valoy F. E. Prado 《Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science》2011,197(2):81-93
Genotypic variations in leaf gas exchange and grain yield were analysed in 10 highland‐adapted quinoa cultivars grown in the field under drought conditions. Trials took place in an arid mountain region of the Northwest of Argentina (Encalilla, Amaicha del Valle, 22°31′S, 65°59′W). Significant changes in leaf gas exchange and grain yield among cultivars were observed. Our data demonstrate that leaf stomatal conductance to water vapour (gs) is a major determinant of net CO2 assimilation (An) because quinoa cultivars with inherently higher gs were capable of keeping higher photosynthesis rate. Aboveground dry mass and grain yield significantly varied among cultivars. Significant variations also occurred in chlorophyll, N and P content, photosynthetic nitrogen‐use efficiency (PNUE), specific leaf area (SLA), intrinsic water‐use efficiency (iWUE) and carboxylation capacity (An/Ci). Many cultivars gave promissory grain yields with values higher than 2000 kg ha?1, reaching for Sayaña cultivar 3855 kg ha?1. Overall, these data indicate that cultivars, which showed higher photosynthesis and conductances, were also generally more productive. Carbon isotope discrimination (Δ) was positively correlated with the grain yield and negatively with iWUE, but δ15N did not show significant correlations. This study provides a reliable measure of specific responses of quinoa cultivars to drought and it may be valuable in breeding programmes. 相似文献
20.
高丹草水分利用效率与叶片生理特性的关系 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
在不同土壤供水条件下,研究了高丹草水分利用效率（WUE）与叶片光合速率（Pn）、蒸腾速率（Tr）、气孔导度（Gs）、叶温（Tl）、叶片相对含水量（RWC）的关系。结果表明,WUE随RWC、Pn呈二次曲线变化,Pn在27 µmol CO2 m-2 s-1时,WUE值最大 (8.7 µmol CO2 mmol-1 H2O);Tr在3.5~4 mmol H2O m-2 s-1时WUE达最大值(8.4 µmol CO2 mmol-1 H2O);Pn与Tr的非线性关系可以用抛物线方程表述,其中Pn最高时的Tr为临界值,超出该值即为奢侈蒸腾。Gs在0.4 molH2O m-2 s-1时,WUE达到峰值8.39 µmol CO2 mmol-1 H2O。实施提高气孔阻力并抑制蒸腾的措施,既节约水分,又促进光合作用,增加产量。Pn和Tr随温度的增加而增加,在35~36℃时Pn达最高值,表明在一定温度范围内,温度升高对提高WUE有利。WUE随RWC的升高而上升,RWC在84%~86%时WUE最大。适量增施氮肥,可提高Pn和Gs,进而提高WUE。 相似文献