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1.
Abstract. The development of in vitro test techniques for use with fish parasitic fungi is described. Reasons for the selection of criteria to be met by these test methods are discussed using selected results from a wide-scale test programme on fisheries fungicides. The need for test techniques to relate to the eventual environment in which chemotherapeutants will be used is stressed.  相似文献   

2.
A batch system with subgravel filter for stock-culture maintenance of Mysidopsis bahia in artificial sea water is described. The feeding of mysids on Artemia is optimized through the cyclic pumping of brine shrimp instar I nauplii from a refrigerator to the stock-cultures. An easily constructed incubator-separator apparatus is described for the standardized harvesting of mysid juveniles to be used as test organisms.  相似文献   

3.
Urine calculi should always been analyzed for constituents. In this paper a commercially available test kit is described for determination of carbonate, calcium, oxalate, ammonium, phosphate, magnesium, urate and cystine. The method is simply to be performed and can be recommended for practitioners.  相似文献   

4.
In this study, the development of a dot blot assay to assess amoebic gill disease (AGD) using non-lethal gill mucus samples is described and its performance validated by comparing the assay with the indirect fluorescent antibody test (IFAT), the 'gold standard' test. The agreement between the two tests was high, with a positive predictive value of 95% and negative predictive value of 93%, with a corrected κ value of 0.88. The sensitivity and specificity of the test were 97 and 91%, respectively. The dot blot is both sensitive and specific for Paramoeba pemaquidensis and is formatted so that large numbers of samples can be conveniently analysed.  相似文献   

5.
甲鱼出血性败血症的诊疗   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  
简述了甲鱼出血性败血症的病症、病理变化、病原菌的分离和鉴定、动物回归试验的结果，以及采用敏感药物对患病甲鱼施治的经过和疗效。  相似文献   

6.
Rapid diagnostic assay described comprises examination of a single serum sample of the ill dog using indirect immunofluorescence test. The procedure lasts about two hours. The finding of virus-specific humoral IgM antibodies serves as evidence for an acute parvovirus infection. 84 dogs presented as patients with enteritis were examined with this method, 48 of them were seropositive for IgM antibodies.  相似文献   

7.
Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus is characterized by polyuria, hyposthenuria and compensatory polydipsia. With conventional clinical and laboratory examinations the diagnosis can be established and the differential diagnostic diseases excluded. In order to verify the diagnosis, differentiate the condition from central and nephrogenic diabetes insipidus and rule out psychogenic polydipsia, additional laboratory studies are required: of these, the concentration test, modified Carter-Robbins test and AVP stimulation test are described.  相似文献   

8.
A simple method of detecting the presence of the salmonid alphaviruses (SAVs), salmon pancreas disease virus (SPDV) and sleeping disease virus (SDV), from serum samples is described. Using a 96-well tissue-culture plate format, test sera are diluted in medium and added to chinook salmon embryo (CHSE-214) cells. After incubation for 3 days at 15 degrees C, plates are fixed and stained using a monoclonal antibody (mAb)-based immunoperoxidase (IPX) detection system, and virus-infected cells are observed microscopically by white light. Application of this screening test, which is now used routinely in our laboratory in conjunction with an IPX-based virus neutralization (IPX-VN) test for detecting antibodies to SAVs, has resulted in the recovery of 12 additional isolates from salmon sera and four additional isolates from trout sera. A low level of antigenic variation was detected when these SAV isolates were investigated by indirect immunofluorescence using a panel of mAbs raised to reference SPDV and SDV isolates.  相似文献   

9.
The apparatus described was designed to measure the speed and direction of lobster response to feed attractants with minimal observer influence on the test animal. Lobster activity was monitored in an 84 × 10 × 10 in (213 × 25 × 25 cm) plexiglas tank based on interruption of photoelectric cells. Impulses from the photocells trigger the pens of a 6-channel event recorder. During its operation the apparatus is covered with an opaque plastic sheet. Lobster behavior was such that the animals always settled in one of the chamber ends and the test material could be injected at the far end. The lobsters responded to a variety of test materials.  相似文献   

10.
Abstract. A method is described which improves both the specificity and paracticability of immune identification of Aeromonas salmonicida. The modified assay employs antisera raised against outer membrane proteins (OMP) of A. salmonicida cells and is carried out as a dot blot test on nitrocellulose membranes. Performance of the test with 55 non- A. salmonicida bacterial isolates from fish and water revealed weak cross reactivity in five cases. However, these cross reactive only occur at very high antigen concentrations and can be overcome by adequate dilution.  相似文献   

11.
A protocol for testing feeding stimulants on Pacific white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei, is described. Thirty‐five rectangular tanks (55 L volume) served as the test system into which ten 5–6 g shrimp were stocked. Every tank contained two bowls, each of which contained either 25 feed pellets of a Reference Diet or Test Diet (consisting of the Reference Diet with one test ingredient added). After 1 h, the difference between the number of pellets consumed of the Test Diet and the Reference Diet was used as the Response. Each of the four Test Diets contained a different salmon hydrolysate made from by‐products of the Alaska fish processing industry (included at 50 g/kg). A fifth commercial shrimp diet was also tested. Each Test Diet was tested against the Reference Diet over a 4‐d period in seven replicate tanks. The data were subjected to a one‐way ANOVA and a confidence interval for each treatment response was calculated. The confidence interval was used to assess the test ingredient as a feeding stimulant. Treatment means were compared using Tukey's test (α = 5%). All the hydrolysates tested were found to act as feeding stimulants.  相似文献   

12.
本文论述了鱼类耗氧率测试装置的结构设计,讨论了平均体质量（156±3.36）g匙吻鲟（Polyodon spathula）幼鱼耗氧率与窒息点的测试方法。在结构设计中,尺寸参数的选择确保了鱼类耗氧率、窒息点测试过程中流入呼吸室的水流均匀,水样采样准确;方便了测试过程中对鱼类行为生物学的观察,呼吸室中没有空气气泡干涉,提高了测试数据的准确性。实测结果表明,匙吻鲟幼鱼耗氧率的最高值为（0.528±0.035）mg.g-1.h-1,最低值为（0.197±0.028）mg.g-1.h-1,窒息点为3.468 mg.L-1。  相似文献   

13.
The diagnosis of Mycoplasma bovis mastitis (MbM) usually comes too late. Consequently the capital early symptoms are described for a probable diagnosis in order to enable prophylactic measures and to prevent ineffective expensive treatments and loss of time. Following a definite diagnosis of MbM by culture, a repeated application of the CMT milk test combined with bacteriological culture detects infected cows and they should be culled. All cows of exceptional breeding value can be treated by repeated intramammary infusions of specific antimycoplasma antibiotics with a fair chance of healing, by preference during the dryudder period.  相似文献   

14.
The general objective of this work was to evaluate the changes in the texture of raw white shrimp, stored whole in ice for up to 14 days, by instrumental texture analysis of the flesh after peeling off the carapace. Effect of test method (relaxation, compression, texture profile analysis, cutting, and penetration tests), test speed (0.1, 0.5, and 1.0 mm/s), and test position on sample (second, third, and fourth segments of abdominal musculature) were studied to measure the textural attributes of shrimp. Mechanical parameters (force at yield point, stiffness, toughness, and shear/penetration work) increased significantly during the 14 days of storage. Shrimp muscle maintained firm texture up to 4 days of storage after harvesting. At that time, the texture became soft, stiffness of the skin layer increased, and then pH values in the shrimp reached a value higher than 7 (alkaline). A linear model with a high coefficient of determination (R2 > 0.75, for all parameters obtained from the penetration test with the spherical probe) described adequately the mechanical properties of iced shrimp during storage. Comparing several methods, the penetration test on the second flesh segment using a spherical probe at a speed of 0.1 mm/s and using penetration work as a parameter gave the best results to clearly indicate the changes in textural properties of iced shrimp with a high correlation coefficient during storage time (R2 = 0.83), while other test methods failed to provide an indication of deterioration.  相似文献   

15.
A practical test of the Biotest centrifugal air sampler RCS Vet to assess the air quality for microbial levels in pig houses is presented. Estimating the number of microbial colony-forming units (staphylococcus) was only possible after modifying the sampler. Measurement of the total count of microbial-forming units was only possible under controlled conditions because of the high level of organisms in the pig house air. The use of selective media to measure microbial levels in air is described.  相似文献   

16.
Baked fillets from hybrid striped bass (Morone saxatilis x M. chrysops) fed varying amounts of soybean meal and raised in ponds or tanks were evaluated for flavor and texture. Using a triangle test, panelists were able to discriminate between fillets from fish fed soybean meal in the diet as compared to fillets from fish fed only fish meal with respect to flavor and texture in most comparisons. In paired comparison tests, panelists described fillets from fish fed soybean meal as less dry or tough compared to fish-meal-fed fish. In addition, panelists were able to discriminate between fillets from fish raised in ponds compared to those raised in tanks, regardless of diet. However, in a limited test, panelists found no differences in the acceptability of fillets with respect to flavor and texture. Data showed that soybean meal in the diet of hybrid striped bass had a significant discernible effect on flavor and texture of fillets, but this effect was not important in acceptability of the fillets.  相似文献   

17.
The immunological backgrounds of canine atopy, and in particular of atopic dermatitis, are described in the present review. The significance of the history, the intradermal allergic test and the determination of allergen-specific antibodies in the diagnosis of canine atopy are discussed.  相似文献   

18.
A single batch of Lupinus angustifolius seed was processed to produce a seed meal and dehulled to produce a pure kernel meal. A series of blends were prepared from the seed and kernel meals. The digestible values of these pure and a series of blended meals were compared when fed to rainbow trout using the diet‐substitution method (700 g kg−1 reference: 300 g kg−1 test ingredient). Improvements were observed for each of dry matter, energy and crude protein digestibilities with increasing dehulling efficiency. The relationship between dry matter digestibility and kernel meal proportion was linear and is described by the equation: y = 0.2147x + 40.929. Dry matter digestibility for the 100% kernel meal was 59.8%. The relationship between crude protein digestibility and kernel meal proportion was curvilinear and is described by the equation: y = −0.0019x2 + 0.3948x + 81.9143. Crude protein digestibility for the 100% kernel meal was 102%. The relationship between energy digestibility and kernel meal proportion was linear and is described by the equation: y = 0.158x + 48.77. Energy digestibility for the 100% kernel meal was 65.1%. The findings of this study demonstrate that there are significant benefits from using kernel meals over seed meals.  相似文献   

19.
研究温度和重复疲劳运动对中华鲟游泳行为和能量代谢的影响,为中华鲟养殖环境水质量监测管理、物种保护和鱼道的设计等提供参考。在密封鱼类游泳装置中,利用速度递增法测定了不同温度(10、15、20和25℃)、流速条件下中华鲟(Acipenser sinensis)幼鱼(体长8.50~11.00 cm,体重5.10~8.80 g)的摆尾频率(TBF)、呼吸频率(RR),并同时测定了游泳过程中的耗氧率(M_(O_2))。结果表明:随着摆尾频率或呼吸频率的增加,中华鲟幼鱼的耗氧率增加,耗氧率与摆尾频率或呼吸频率呈指数相关(M_(O_2)=a×TBF~b;M_(O_2)=A×RR~B);随着温度增加,b值先减小后增加,15℃和20℃时b值较小;疲劳恢复后,第2次测试b值大于第1次;随着温度的增加,B值逐渐增加;疲劳恢复后,第2次测试B值小于第1次。游泳过程能量消耗随着温度的升高先降低后升高,15~20℃能量消耗较小。疲劳恢复后,第2次测试能量消耗大于第1次,游泳效率降低,特别是在10℃和25℃,15~20℃变化不明显。温度和重复游泳对中华鲟幼鱼游泳行为影响显著,温度不适宜和重复疲劳运动会产生叠加效应,导致游泳效率显著降低。  相似文献   

20.
Communal testing consists of stocking the different genetic groups to be tested into the same (communal) pond. In this system, genetic differences between groups of fish and differences in pond productivity are not confounded, as they are in separate testing. Communal testing reduces the number of replications required and enables larger numbers of groups to be tested in a smaller number of ponds. Growth testing in communal ponds means that the testing environment and the commercial production environment in which the results of genetic investigations are to be applied are not identical. This difference is due to the mutual competitive interactions between test groups in communal ponds, which cannot occur when they are stocked separately. Interactions may be due to differences in initial weight between the groups, or to differences in competitive ability not associated with differences in initial weight. The methodological investigations which allow these sources of bias to be removed are described. The effect of differences in initial weight is corrected with the aid of the environmentally generated coefficient of regression of weight gain on initial weight in a communal pond. This regression requires empirical estimation in each test, by the multiple nursing technique, specifically constructed for this purpose. Relative growth rankings of paris of test progenies were identical when each group was stocked separately into a series of replicated ponds and when both were stocked together into communal ponds. Thus growth estimates from communal testing are reliable predictors of expected genetic differences in separate ponds.Communal testing allows any pond or other growth vessel to be used as a testing facility, irrespective of its area or aquacultural management. Alternatively, it enables breeding studies to be integrated with other unrelated investigations. This results in a more rational utilization of facilities and the possibility of isolating and estimating interactions between experimental variables.  相似文献   

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