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1.
An experiment was carried out to reduce the effective concentration of ethephon for flower induction in pineapple by adding urea to the ethephon solution and adjusting the pH to 9.0 with sodium carbonate. It was found that a 2 % urea solution adjusted to a pH of 9.0 and containing 10 p.p.m. ethephon induced over 90 % of plants to flower within 50–60 days of treatment. This treatment was as good as, or better than, that obtained with several α-naphthalene acetic acid-based products. At a pH of 9.0 and with the addition of urea, the effectiveness of ethephon at a concentration of 10 p.p.m. will lead to economic use of this chemical.  相似文献   

2.
Experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of calcium acetate on defoliation and fruit drop of ponkan (Citrus reticulata Blanco) and Meiwa kumquat (Fortunella crassifolia Swingle) trees treated with 2-chloroethylphosphonic acid (ethephon). Ethephon at 200 or 300 p.p.m. caused about 20% defoliation of ponkan trees, while this defoliation was materially alleviated by an addition of 0.05 M calcium acetate to the ethephon solution. Acceleration effects on fruit color did not differ with ethephon or ethephon + calcium acetate treatments. Ethephon at 400 p.p.m. caused about 30% fruit drop in kumquat trees, and an addition of 0.05 M calcium acetate to the solution almost completely prevented the fruit drop. Fruit color of kumquat was most advanced by the use of ethephon alone, and the addition of calcium acetate decreased the effect slightly.  相似文献   

3.
Summary

Ethephon (2-chloroethylphosphonic acid), an ethylene-releasing agent, is used in the production of Summer-to-Autumn-flowering chrysanthemums (Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat.) to avoid early budding under long-day conditions. This study was carried out to show the variation in response to ethephon due to temperature, season, and cultivar. The seasonality of growth and flowering capacities, growing temperatures, and the genetic background of chrysanthemum make the effects of ethephon unstable and variable. The most important factor modifying the effect was the response to temperature, which showed seasonal variation. Ethephon briefly suppressed extension growth and flowering after chilling and at high growing temperatures. On the other hand, it induced dormancy and rosette formation, and suppressed flowering after Summer, and at lower temperatures. This suggests that ethylene is involved in the induction of dormancy.  相似文献   

4.
Effect of ethephon (2-chloroethylphosphonic acid) application on rabbiteye blueberry fruit quality during the growth period was investigated. Ethephon treatment stimulated the decrement of titratable acidity, anthocyanin accumulation and fruit softening 4 days after treatment and the promoting effects continued through the investigation period. The ripening promotion effect of ethephon on total soluble solids content was observed only 8 days after treatment. Ethephon treatment did not affect the fruit enlargement during the investigation period. From these results, it is concluded that ethephon application for rabbiteye blueberry promote the fruit ripening, but the stimulatory effects of ethephon on fruit ripening were different in degree on each ripening characters.  相似文献   

5.
Trials in southern Tasmania examined the thinning effects of ethephon on ‘Gala’ and ‘Jonagold’ apples. Untreated controls were compared with ethephon thinning sprays applied at full bloom at 50,100,200,400,800 and 1 600 mg I“1 to both cultivars. Thinning of both cultivars was related to the concentration of the spray and in most cases logistic models were fitted. Thinning effectiveness was largely reflected in increased fruit weight and size. The ‘Gala’ fruit was still not large enough for Australian markets. Ethephon at 200 mg I“1 effectively thinned ‘Jonagold’ and produced the required increases in fruit size and weight. ‘Jonagold’ was overthinned by the high concentrations of ethephon, but this was not reflected in increased fruit weight and size. Ethephon also reduced vegetative growth at the higher concentrations which was considered an advantage. More work is required to establish specific recommendations for either cultivar.  相似文献   

6.
Gladiolus corms and cormels were treated with various combinations of ethephon and the fungicides methylethyl mercury benzoate, benomyl, thiobendazole and methylmercury dicyandiamide either before or after storage at 10 °C and 30 °C for 6 weeks. The treated corms were examined for germination, splitting and rot symptoms caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. gladioli.

Ethephon increased corm splitting in all treatments; it also increased germination in corms stored at 30 °C, and it increased the proportion of corms showing typical Fusarium rot symptoms by stimulating the growth of latent internal Fusarium. The effectiveness of the fungicides tested against F. oxysporum f. sp. gladioli was enhanced by the addition of ethephon. Permeability of corms to methylethyl mercury benzoate was increased by ethephon, and it is concluded that ethephon improves the efficiency of this fungicide, and probably of other fungicides as well, by increasing their penetration into gladiolus corms.  相似文献   

7.
The genus Ptilotus has immense potential for ornamental horticulture but its commercial development has been hindered by propagation limitations. Poor seed quality and germination are reported. Cutting propagation is limited by cutting supply as the juvenile phase of Ptilotus is short. Micropropagation has been used in an attempt to overcome these difficulties but explants become floral in vitro and this causes plantlets to elongate. Ethephon has been used to control flowering of stock plants of many ornamental species. This study investigated the effect of ethephon applied to young (3-week-old, deflasked from tissue culture) and mature (1-year-old) Ptilotus plants in a greenhouse. A system of applying gaseous ethylene at 0, 100, 200 and 300 mg l−1 to the headspace of in vitro plantlets in glass jars was developed and the response of in vitro plantlets to ethylene studied. One-year-old Ptilotus plants were treated with 500 mg l−1 ethephon 2 days before pruning or 1 or 2 weeks after pruning. Ethephon application 2 days before pruning decreased the number of inflorescences and increased the number of shoots (compared to the control) but was phytotoxic. Ethephon applications of 150 or 300 mg l−1 applied weekly or fortnightly to 3-week-old plants deflasked from tissue culture reduced plant height and number of inflorescences and at low concentrations increased the number of new shoots. A fortnightly application at 150 mg l−1 is recommended. Previous reports on the effects of ethylene on inflorescence production on plantlets in vitro are limited. Our study showed that exposure of in vitro plantlets of P. nobilis to ethylene gas at 100 mg l−1 for 1 h significantly increased the number of shoots and plant height but this did not occur for plantlets of P. spicatus. Plantlets of P. spicatus exposed to transient ethylene at 200 and 300 mg l−1 showed significantly greater rooting (52.4%) than the control (13.6%).  相似文献   

8.
Natural flowering is one of the major agronomic problems in pineapple (Ananas comosus) cultivation. It causes heterogeneous flowering and fruit development with multiple harvest passes of the same field as an inevitable consequence. To avoid natural flowering, pineapple plants are induced to synchronize flowering by external ethylene treatments. In this research it is shown that pineapple plants (MD-2 hybrid cultivar) are already sensitive to external ethylene treatments at an early developmental stage, i.e. 3 months after planting, although no natural flowering occurs during this early stage of plant development. These results indicate that young pineapple plants already posses all the necessary factors to induce flowering in response to ethylene treatments. Additionally the efficiencies of flowering induction of different external ethylene treatments, including a novel agent developed at our lab, called ‘zeothene’, were evaluated. Zeothene (=zeolite containing ethylene gas) and ethylene dissolved in water (both applied in the central cup of the plant) were proved to be very efficient flowering induction agents. The commercial cultivation practice, in which ethylene gas is sprayed with water over whole plants, was found less efficient confirming that central cup applications are more efficient than whole plant spraying. Cup applications allow the active ingredient (ethylene or ethephon) to be taken up immediately by the apical meristem resulting in an efficient flowering induction signal. The addition of activated carbon to enhance the flowering induction treatment was found to be useful only with a very high dose of activated carbon (5%) and a long interaction time (at least 5–30 min) between the activated carbon and the flowering induction solution.  相似文献   

9.
The effect of temperature on the ability of 2-chloroethylphosphonic acid (ethephon), when applied at 20 mm stage of fruit development, to induce ethylene evolution of fruit and leaves and abscission of fruit and leaves was determined using 9-year-old root-bagged ‘Golden Delicious’/M.27 apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) trees in environment-controlled growth rooms. Ethephon at 400 μL L−1 effectively thinned apples, and its thinning effect was not affected by increasing day/night temperature from 21.1/10 to 32.2/21.1 °C. Fruit ethylene evolution was enhanced by application of ethephon. Peak fruit ethylene evolution occurred 1 day after application of ethephon when day/night temperature was 32.2/21.1 °C whereas it occurred 2 days after application of ethephon at a day/night temperature of 21.1/10 or 26.7/15.6 °C. Ethephon increased leaf ethylene evolution drastically but it did not induce leaf abscission regardless of temperature.  相似文献   

10.
Summary

A series of trials in Tasmania examined the thinning effects of ethephon and NAA on ‘Red Fuji’ apple. In the ethephon trials, concentrations from 25 to 600 ppm were applied at full bloom (FB) or 14 days after full bloom (AFB) to trees on either seedling or M.M.106 rootstocks. The NAA trial involved spraying concentrations of 5, 10 or 15 ppm at FB or 14 days AFB to trees on seedling rootstocks. Ethephon thinning of ‘Red Fuji’ was similar at FB and 14 days AFB. The dependence of fruit thinning on ethephon concentration was described by fitting non-linear response curves. These relationships were stronger and less variable for M.M.106 than seedling trees. Ethephon proved a satisfactory thinner for trees on both rootstocks. At the high spray volume used, the preferred concentrations at both FB and 14 days AFB would be 25 or 50 ppm for seedling and 100 or 200 ppm for M.M.106 rootstocks. NAA under-thinned at 5 ppm and over-thinned at 10 and 15 ppm at both FB and 14 days AFB. No firm recommendation can be given for NAA as a thinner of ‘Fuji’ at this stage.  相似文献   

11.
Ethephon at 1 000 and 3 000 mg l?1 applied either on one occasion or three times at weekly intervals to two onion cultivars reduced average bulb weight and total yield by 14% to 67%. In cv Hygro the percentage of bull-neck bulbs was reduced by ethephon but cv Cepavon was unaffected. The number of bulbs sprouting in store was reduced in both cultivars by all ethephon treatments except the single 1000 mg l?1 application.  相似文献   

12.
Ethephon and 2,4,5-T were used on ‘Imperial’ mandarin to study their effects on fruit thinning, fruit size, rind pigments and alternate bearing.Ethephon at 250 p.p.m. produced the largest and heaviest fruits. Pigment levels were not affected by 2,4,5-T, but ethephon increased carotenoids and reduced chlorophyll a and b levels. The effectiveness of a colouring agent seems to be related to its ability to reduce both levels of chlorophyll a and b provided that carotenoid levels do not decrease.Treated trees exhibited less tendency towards alternate bearing than control trees. Ethephon had a greater thinning-effect than 2,4,5-T. It also evened cropping for 2 successive years. One spray of ethephon in an “on” year would be effective in reversing and leveling cropping of ‘Imperial’ mandarin for at least 4 years under Mildura conditions.  相似文献   

13.
Control of regular cropping in apple is considered critical for fruit growers to ensure their economical sustainability. Irregular flowering can be mitigated by plant growth regulators thanks to their promotion or inhibition effects. In this study, responses of GA4+7 and ethephon on alternate bearing in ‘Golden Delicious’/M9 were examined. GA4+7 and ethephon were applied on the same trees during three consecutive years (2010–12). Flowering, yield, shoot growth, and also some fruit quality parameters were assessed. GA4+7 appeared to be more effectual to regulate alternate bearing. The alternate bearing index calculated with yield in successive years was high in control (0.91), moderate in ethephon (0.71), and low in GA4+7 treated trees (0.41). Modified alternate bearing index, based on cluster number, indicated moderate intensity in GA4+7 (0.53) and high intensity in the others. Although GA4+7 reduced crop density at about 50%, there was little variation in yield per tree and crop efficiency due to increasing of fruit size. GA4+7 did not increase shot length after establishment of equilibrium between vegetative and generative growth in 2012. Ethephon slightly reduced vegetative growth and relatively increased fruit size due to the decrease of fruit set.  相似文献   

14.
The effect of ethephon latex stimulant mixed in coconut oil and applied to immature green fruits of Co.2 papaya was studied in respect of papain yield and quality of fruits. Papain yield could be increased four-fold over the control by the application of ethephon latex stimulant at 34 mM in coconut oil. Ethephon also improved the quality of papain, and also the quality of fruits by increasing total sugars and reducing sugars and decreasing acidity.  相似文献   

15.
Seeds from five lots each of Echinacea angustifolia DC, and E. pallida (Nutt.) Nutt. were germinated in a growth chamber in light (40 μmol·m(-2)· s(-1)) or darkness at 25 °C for 16 to 20 d after soaking in 1 mM ethephon or water for 10 min, or moist stratification at 4 - 6 °C for two weeks. Either light or ethephon promoted seed germination of E. angustifolia and E. pallida, in comparison with darkness in nine of ten lots. Ethephon in the dark had similar or greater germination percentages than water with light. Ethephon with light improved germination in three of ten lots compared with ethephon in the dark. The effect of cold, moist stratification in comparison with darkness varied by seed lot. Five lots of E. purpurea (L.) Moench were tested; however, no treatment differences were measured. The finding that ethethon promoted E. angustifolia and E. pallida seed germination in darkness could be useful in the cultivation of these two species. Chemical name used: 2-chloroethylphosphonic acid (ethephon).  相似文献   

16.
In order to determine the proper time to harvest paprika pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) fruits to obtain maximum extractable color, two maturity indexes were evaluated. Most consistent results were obtained when fully shriveled fruits were harvested.Foliar applications of ethephon (50, 100, 200 and 500 ppm) were made on two cultivars, ‘Paprika-505’ and ‘Paprika-D.Z.’. Total extractable color and capsanthin content were determined using fully shriveled pericarp tissue. Some flower and leaf abscission was caused by treating plants with 500 ppm ethephon and leaves of plants treated with 200 or 500 ppm ethephon turned yellow. Ethephon stimulated ripening and increased the total extractable color and capsanthin levels of paprika fruits. ‘Paprika-505’ contained more total extractable color and capsanthin than ‘Paprika-D.Z.’ as a result of ethephon treatment.  相似文献   

17.
The effect on stomatal resistance of ethylene released from ethephon sprays has been studied in 8 species of plants. Ethephon always increased stomatal resistance, but in some species only slightly. In olive and peach, increased stomatal resistance in treated plants was associated with more abscisic acid in the leaf tissues.  相似文献   

18.
ABA和乙烯与甜樱桃果实成熟的关系   总被引：11，自引：1，他引：10  
任杰  冷平 《园艺学报》2010,37(2):199-206
以‘红灯’甜樱桃为试材,分析了果实生长发育过程中内源脱落酸(ABA)和1-氨基环丙烷-1-羧酸(ACC)含量的变化以及外源ABA和乙烯利处理对果实成熟进程的影响,探讨了ABA和乙烯与甜樱桃果实成熟的关系。结果表明:果皮和果柄中的ABA含量呈逐渐上升的趋势,在花后43d达到最大值。果肉中的ABA含量呈先下降后上升再下降的趋势,在花后14d时含量较高,之后下降,花后25d开始又迅速上升,至花后36d出现一高峰,之后下降。种子中的ABA含量和果肉表现出相似的变化趋势,但ABA峰值的出现早于果肉。ACC含量在果实的整个发育过程中变化不大,并且一直处于很低的水平,最大值不足0.02nmol·g-1FW。外源ABA能促进内源ABA的合成和乙烯的释放,但对内源ACC的变化没有显著影响。乙烯利持续处理能促进乙烯的释放,提高内源ACC的水平。外源ABA能提高甜樱桃果实的成熟度和花青苷含量,促进果实软化。乙烯利处理对果实的硬度、花青苷含量和成熟度指数均没有显著影响。  相似文献   

19.
秋季叶施尿素及乙烯利对枣树贮藏氮素的影响   总被引：11，自引：1，他引：10  
赤中宁  曾骧 《园艺学报》1991,18(2):102-106
枣树(Zizyphus jujuba Mill.)秋季叶施尿素、乙烯利及尿素十乙烯利均可促进叶片及落性枝的氮素向树体回流,增加树体贮藏氮素水平,尤以尿素 200ppm乙烯利的效果最佳;尿素及乙烯利处理均增加了次年枣吊长度、平均单果重及枣果还原糖含量;尿素处理还显著增加了叶片及新梢含氮量,座果数,但降低了枣果蔗糖含量。枣树秋冬季地上部与根系具有同等重要的贮藏氮素作用;蛋白态氮是主要贮藏形态,为非蛋白态氮的2—3倍。  相似文献   

20.
In 1989 and 1990, preharvest applications of 2-chloroethyl phosphonic acid (ethephon) at dosages from 50–400 mg 1’1 were applied to ‘Fuji’ and ‘Granny Smith’ apples. In 1989, the greatest reduction in scald after storage on both ‘Fuji’ and ‘Granny Smith’, relative to the untreated control resulted from applying 400 mg 1?1 ethephon five weeks before harvest and was 45% and 55% of controls, respectively. On ‘Granny Smith’ 400 mg 1? was also effective when applied three weeks before harvest. In 1990, preharvest applications of ethephon at either 200 or 400 mg 1?1 reduced scald in both cultivars relative to the controls. Ethephon applied six weeks before harvest had no dosage effect on scald reduction after storage. There was no consistent effect on fruit maturity at harvest from any treatment in either year, and no effect on quality of fruit out of storage.  相似文献   

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