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1.
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2.
The effect of dietary β‐glucan on the bacterial community in the gut of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) was examined after oral application of Aeromonas hydrophila. Carp received either feed supplemented with 1% MacroGard®, a β‐1,3/1,6‐glucan, or a β‐glucan‐free diet. Fourteen days after feeding, half of the carp from each group were intubated with 109 colony‐forming units (CFU) of a pathogenic strain of A. hydrophila. Gut samples were taken 12 hr to 7 days after application and analysed using microbiological and molecular biological techniques (NGS, RT‐PCR‐DGGE). The reaction of the mucosa and the microbiota to an A. hydrophila intubation differed in carp fed with β‐glucan compared to carp from the control group. In β‐glucan fed carp, the total bacterial amount was lower but the number of bacterial species was higher. Bacterial composition was different for carp from both treatment groups. The number of mucin filled goblet cells was reduced in carp fed the β‐glucan diet. Mucus was obviously released from the goblet cells and was probably washed out of the gut together with high numbers of bacteria. This might be protective against pathogenic bacteria and, therefore, feeding with β‐glucan may provide protection against infections of the gut in carp.  相似文献   

3.
A study was conducted to determine the effect of essential fatty acid in striped catfish (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus) broodstock diets on a level of oestradiol‐17β and vitellogenin, reproductive performance and larval quality in out‐of‐spawning season. Five female and five male broodstock were stocked into a net cage (3 × 5 × 1.5 m3) and fed with pelleted diets containing 1.5% fish oil and different amounts of corn oil (CO) in diet formulation, that is 0%, 1%, 2% and 3% respectively. Gonadal development, oestradiol‐17ß and vitellogenin concentrations were examined every 2 weeks. Oestradiol‐17ß and vitellogenin concentrations showed an increase during the maturation process. The significantly highest percentage of female mature, fecundity, hatching rate, larval production and larval survival rate were obtained from fish fed with 2% corn oil in the diet. This result revealed that the administration of 2% corn oil in the diet as a source of n‐6 (linoleic acid) and 1.5% fish oil as a source of n‐3 (linolenic acid) can improve the reproductive performance of striped catfish broodstock in out‐of‐spawning season.  相似文献   

4.
This study was conducted to evaluate the potential of graded levels of GroBiotic®‐A to improve performance of Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus, fed a 29% crude protein (CP) diet. A 29% CP diet was formulated and supplemented with 0, 0.4, 0.8, and 1.2% GroBiotic®‐A and compared to performance of fish fed a 33% CP diet. Enhanced weight gain and feed efficiency were generally observed in fish fed the diets supplemented with GroBiotic®‐A compared to the 29% CP diet. No significant differences in these responses were observed between fish fed diets supplemented with GroBiotic®‐A compared to those fed the 33% CP diet. Supplementation of 0.8 and 1.2% GroBiotic®‐A induced significantly lower condition factor and hepatosomatic index compared to fish fed the 29% CP diet, but those values were similar to that of fish fed the 33% CP diet. GroBiotic®‐A supplementation and protein reduction had no effect on the viscerosomatic index of fish or moisture, lipid, and protein content of muscle samples. However, muscle ash increased significantly with protein reduction (29% CP diet), but GroBiotic®‐A supplementation (0.8 and 1.2%) reduced muscle ash content. Activities of catalase and superoxide dismutase were markedly reduced in fish fed GroBiotic®‐A (0.8 and 1.2%) compared to those fed the control diet. GroBiotic®‐A supplementation also induced significantly higher neutrophil oxidative radical production compared to fish fed the 29% CP diet, but no significant difference was observed in comparison with the 33% CP diet. After 8 wk of feeding, exposure to Aeromonas hydrophila for 3 wk resulted in 40% (0.4, 0.8% GroBiotic®‐A) and 27% (1.2% GroBiotic®‐A) mortality and reduced signs of disease, while 47% mortality was observed in fish fed the 29% CP diet. Based on the result of this study, it is concluded that 0.8 and 1.2% GroBiotic®‐A positively influenced growth performance and feed efficiency of tilapia fed diets containing 29% crude protein to levels comparable to fish fed the 33% CP diet. GroBiotic®‐A supplementation also significantly increased neutrophil oxidative radical production as well as resistance to Ae. hydrophila infection.  相似文献   

5.
We evaluated the effects of some dietary natural mineral materials as an antibiotic replacer based on growth performance, non‐specific immune responses and disease resistance in juvenile and subadult rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss. First experiment, juvenile rainbow trout averaging 2.7 ± 0.02 g (mean ± SD) were fed one of the six experimental diets; a basal commercial diet as a control (CON), CON with oxytetracycline (OTC), with yellow loess (YL), with Macsumsuk® (MS), with Song‐Gang® stone (SG) and with barley stone (BS) at 0.4% of each diet. At the end of 8‐week feeding trial, weight gain (WG), specific growth rate (SGR), feed efficiency (FE) and protein efficiency ratio (PER) of fish fed YL diet were significantly higher than those of fish fed CON diet. Non‐specific immune responses such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), myeloperoxidase (MPO), lysozyme (LYS) activity and oxidative radical production of fish fed YL diet were higher than those of fish fed CON diet. At the end of 15 days of challenge test with Aeromonas salmonicida, average cumulative survival rate of fish fed YL diet was significantly higher than that of fish fed BS and CON diets. However, there were no significant differences among fish fed YL, SG and OTC diets. Second experiment, subadult rainbow trout averaging 261.5 ± 3.5 g (mean ± SD) were fed one of the four experimental diets for 22 weeks: CON, and CON with OTC, YL or SG at 0.4% of each diet. At the end of feeding, growth performance of fish fed SG and YL diets was significantly higher than that of fish fed CON diet. Non‐specific immune responses in terms of SOD, MPO, LYS and NBT of fish fed SG and YL diets were significantly higher than those of fish fed CON diet. However, there were no significant differences among the fish fed YL, SG and OTC diets. The results indicate that dietary yellow loess or Song‐gang® stone at 0.4% of diet could replace oxytetracycline in juvenile and subadult rainbow trout.  相似文献   

6.
The effects of six 1,3;1,6‐β‐D‐glucooligo‐ and polysaccharides with different structures (ranging from 1 to 10 kDa in molecular mass and containing 10–25% of β‐1,6‐linked glucose residues) from brown algae, Saccharina cichorioides, on development of the chum salmon, Oncorhynchus keta (Walbaum), were evaluated. Exposure of chum salmon eggs to 1,3;1,6‐β‐D‐glucans with a molecular mass of more than 2 kDa increased the survival of embryos and juveniles and their resistance to Saprolegnia infection by up to 2.5‐fold, leading to a weight gain in juveniles of 40–55% compared with The control chum salmons. The 1,3;1,6‐β‐D‐glucans with molecular mass of 6–8 kDa and used at a at concentration of 0.5 mg mL?1 rendered the best stimulative effect.  相似文献   

7.
The effects of dietary β‐ (1,3) glucan and whole cell yeast (Sacharomyces uvarum) on the immune response and disease resistance to Aeromonas hydrophila were investigated in Cyprinus carpio. β‐(1,3) glucan was extracted from the yeast. Both β‐(1,3) glucan and whole yeast were incorporated into the diet at 1% level and fed to common carp C. carpio for a period of 60 days. Control and treated fish were exposed to A. hydrophila on the 30th and the 60th day of the experimental period. Dietary supplementation of glucan significantly increased the white blood cell count in fish on the 60th day (2.91±0.04 × 104), and the highest nuetrophil nitro blue tetrazolium (NBT) activity was also observed in glucan‐fed fish (30th day). A consistent increase in neutrophil (NBT) activity was also observed in whole cell fed fish until the end of the experiment. Similarly, β‐(1,3) glucan and whole cell yeast enhanced the serum lysozyme activity from the 15th day onwards but higher activity was reported on the 30th day in glucan and the 60th day in whole cell yeast‐fed fish. Suplementation of β‐(1,3) glucan protected the fish from A. hydrophila infection. Nearly 75–80% of the fish survived pathogen exposure (relative percentage survival). However, only 54–60% survival was observed in the whole cell‐fed fish. β‐(1,3) glucan and whole cell yeast protect the fish from pathogens by enhancing the cellular and humoral immune response in C. carpio.  相似文献   

8.
The present study examined the effects of four prebiotic compounds on nutrient and energy digestibility of soybean‐meal‐based diets by red drum (Sciaenops ocellatus). The experimental diets contained 40% crude protein of which approximately half was provided by soybean meal with the remainder from menhaden fish meal. The four prebiotics GroBiotic®‐A (a mixture of partially autolysed brewers yeast, dairy ingredient components and dried fermentation products), mannanoligosaccharide (MOS), galacto‐oligosaccharide (GOS) and inulin were individually added to the basal diet at 1% by weight. A diet with all its protein provided by menhaden fish meal was also included as a control. This control diet had the highest apparent digestibility coefficient (ADC) values – 87% for protein, 87% for lipid, 78% for organic matter and 83% for energy. The basal soybean‐meal‐based diet supplemented with GroBiotic®‐A, GOS and MOS had significantly (P<0.05) increased protein (82%, 82%, 82% respectively) and organic matter ADC values (69%, 64%, 66% respectively), compared with the basal diet (69% for protein and 49% for organic matter). However, the lipid ADC values were significantly decreased for fish fed with the diets supplemented with inulin, GOS and MOS (63%, 61%, 61% respectively) compared with the basal diet (77%) but not for those fed GroBiotic®‐A (82%). Energy ADC values were also increased in fish fed with the GroBiotic‐A®, GOS and MOS diets (73%, 70%, 72%), compared with the basal diet (57%); however, fish fed with the inulin diet had an energy ADC value (54%) similar to that of fish fed with the basal diet. Thus, the present study is the first to demonstrate that nutrient and energy digestibility of soybean‐meal‐based diets by red drum can be enhanced with prebiotic supplementation.  相似文献   

9.
The wide use of lipid as a non‐protein energy substitute has led to lipid metabolic problems in cultured tilapia. Therefore, studies that reduce the effects of high‐fat diets in genetically improved farmed tilapia (GIFT) are required. This study evaluated the optimum level and effects of dietary α‐lipoic acid (α‐LA) on growth performance, body composition, antioxidant capacity and lipid metabolism of GIFT tilapia. The basal diet (120 g/kg lipid) was supplemented with six concentrations of α‐LA at 0 (control), L300, L600, L900, L1200 and L2400 mg/kg diet to make the experimental diets, which were fed to GIFT tilapia juveniles (initial body weight: 0.48 ± 0.01 g) for 8 weeks. The weight gain of fish improved significantly in the L300 than other dietary treatments. The intraperitoneal fat index and lipid content of fish fed on the L2400 diet decreased significantly than those fed on the control diet. The activities of superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase (GSH‐Px) in serum and liver were significantly higher in fish fed on the L300 diet than the control. The reduced GSH content of fish fed on the L300 in serum and liver was significantly higher than those fed on control diet. The malondialdehyde content in serum and liver was significantly lower in L300 than in the control. The adipose triglyceride lipase gene was significantly up‐regulated in fish fed on the L2400, but the diacylglycerol acyltransferase 2 gene was down‐regulated in adipose. The liver‐type fatty acid‐binding protein gene in the liver was significantly up‐regulated in fish fed on the L300 and L600 diets. Moreover, the acyl‐coenzyme A oxidase gene in liver was significantly up‐regulated in fish fed on the L300, L600, L900 and L1200 diets. Polynomial regression analysis indicated that 439–528 mg/kg α‐LA is an appropriate dosage in high‐fat diet to improve growth performance and relieve lipid oxidative damage by accelerating lipid catabolism and reducing lipid synthesis in GIFT tilapia.  相似文献   

10.
This study was conducted to estimate the dietary biotin requirement for maximum growth of zebrafish Danio rerio. Six isonitrogenous and isocaloric purified diets containing 0.031 (biotin‐unsupplemented diet), 0.061, 0.263, 0.514, 1.741 and 2.640 mg biotin kg?1 diet were fed in triplicate tanks for a total of 12 weeks to juvenile zebrafish (initial mean body mass 0.13 ± 0.001 g). From 4 weeks of feeding, fish fed diets with ≤0.061 mg biotin kg?1 showed biotin deficiency signs, such as retarded growth and skeletal deformity, was observed on some dead fish. At the end of the study, gill disorders were observed on some fish and liver glycogen accumulation were also observed in fish fed these diets. Fish fed the biotin‐unsupplemented diet exhibited a lower final body weight, protein efficiency ratio and feed utilization than the fish fed the biotin‐supplemented diets, whereas the highest values were observed with the diet containing 0.51 mg biotin kg?1 diet (P < 0.05). A linear relationship (r2 = 0.77; P < 0.0001) was observed between whole‐body biotin content and dietary biotin level. A broken‐line analysis indicated that the optimum dietary biotin content for maximal growth expressed as final body weight is 0.51 mg kg?1 diet.  相似文献   

11.
The aim of this study was to determine if algal products rich in DHA or ARA are able to completely replace fish oil in microdiets for marine fish larvae, gilthead seabream and if extra supplementation with EPA may further enhance larval performance. For that purpose, 20 day‐old gilthead seabream larvae of 5.97 ± 0.4 mm mean total length and 0.12 ± 0.001 mg mean dry body weight were fed with five microdiets tested by triplicate: a control diet based on sardine oil; a diet containing AquaGrow® DHA (diet DHA) to completely substitute the sardine oil; a diet containing AquaGrow® ARA (diet ARA); a diet containing both products, AquaGrow® DHA and AquaGrow® ARA to completely substitute the fish oil; and, a diet containing both products, AquaGrow® DHA and AquaGrow® ARA, together with an EPA source. Temperature, air and salinity activity tests were also performed to detect larval resistance to stress. At the end of the experiment, final survivals did not differ among groups. The microorganism produced DHA was able to completely replace fish oil in weaning diets for gilthead seabream without affecting survival, growth or stress resistance, whereas the inclusion of microorganism produced ARA did not improve larval performance. Moreover, addition of EPA to diets with total replacement of fish oil by microorganism produced DHA and ARA, significantly improved growth in terms of body weight and total length. The results of this study denoted the good nutritional value of microorganisms produced DHA as a replacement of fish oil in weaning diets for gilthead seabream, without a complementary addition of ARA. However, dietary supplementation of EPA seems to be necessary to further promote larval performance.  相似文献   

12.
The utilization of plant‐based diets in fish is limited by the presence of anti‐nutrients, which bind to dietary nutrients and reduce their bioavailability. Exogenous enzyme supplementation may alleviate the effects of anti‐nutrients and improve feed utilization. In this study, a commercial multi‐enzyme Natuzyme50® was added to a kikuyu‐based diet at a rate of 0 (control), 0.25, 0.5, 0.75 and 1.00 g kg?1 DM. Each diet was fed to triplicate groups of Oreochromis mossambicus for 60 days. All fish fed diets containing Natuzyme50® had higher (P < 0.05) growth performance compared with those fed the control diet. Fish fed the diet containing 0.50 g kg?1 had the best growth performance, highest protein digestibility and the highest levels of digestive enzyme activities. When Natuzyme50® was supplemented above 0.50 g kg?1 in the diet, growth performance and enzyme activities decreased. The improved growth performance observed with Natuzyme50® supplementation was attributed to the presence of enzymes such as cellulase, xylanase and phytase in the cocktail that are not naturally produced by fish. The presence of these enzymes released bound nutrients that would have not been available to the fish. Natuzyme50® supplementation also increased (P < 0.05) the activities of endogenous enzymes, improving the efficacy of the digestive process. The optimal dietary level of Natuzyme50® for optimal growth performance in O. mossambicus was 0.62 g kg?1 DM feed. Cost benefit analysis indicate that adding up to 0.5 g Natuzyme50® kg?1 in the diet results in higher profits as the increased growth attained offset the additional cost of Natuzyme50®.  相似文献   

13.
The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of dietary fermentable fibre (Vitacel®) on haemato‐immunological and serum biochemical parameters, intestinal histomorphology, growth performance and proximate body composition of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). One hundred and twenty fish (81.65 ± 1.49 g) were fed diets containing 0 and 10 g kg?1 fermentable fibre (Vitacel®) for 50 days. At the end of feeding trial, growth performance parameters were significantly improved in fermentable fibre (Vitacel®)‐fed fish. Although feeding on fermentable fibre (Vitacel®)‐supplemented diet had no remarkable effect on haematological parameters (RBC, Htc and Hb) (P > 0.05), white blood cell (WBC) count and monocyte level were significantly affected (P = 0.040 and P = 0.020, respectively). In case of serum biochemical parameters, a significant increase and decrease were observed in serum total protein (P = 0.040) and cholesterol level (P = 0.000), respectively. Also, lysozyme level was significantly increased following administration of Vitacel® in diet (P = 0.006). Histomorphological evaluations revealed that villus length (P = 0.004) and tunica muscularis thickness (P = 0.000) were significantly higher in fermentable fibre (Vitacel®)‐fed fish. These results indicate that fermentable fibre can be considered as a dietary supplement for improving the health status and performance of rainbow trout.  相似文献   

14.
This work evaluated the performance of Litopenaeus vannamei to low fish meal diets supplemented with 2‐hydroxy‐4‐(methylthio)butanoic acid (HMTBa). A basal diet with 150.0 g kg?1 of anchovy fish meal was designed. Two positive control diets were formulated to reduce fish meal at 50% and 100% with 1.0 and 2.0 g kg?1 of MERA? MetCa (calcium salt with 84% HMTBa activity), respectively. Two nearly equivalent diets acted as negative controls, without HMTBa supplementation. A total of 50 clear‐water tanks of 500 L were stocked with 2.22 ± 0.19 g shrimp under 70 animals m?2. Shrimp survival (92.3 ± 5.1% and 81.4 ± 8.0%), yield (808 ± 12 and 946 ± 17 g m?2) and FCR (2.17 ± 0.19 and 3.12 ± 0.37) showed no differences among diets after 72 or 96 days, respectively. A significantly higher shrimp body weight and weekly growth were observed for those fed with the basal diet or diets supplemented with HMTBa compared with non‐supplemented ones. This study has shown that L. vannamei growth, body weight, survival, yield and FCR were supported by HMTBa supplementation when 150.0 g kg?1 of fish meal was replaced by soybean meal and other ingredients, at 50% and 100%.  相似文献   

15.
A feeding trial was performed to determine the effect of a commercial source of Yucca schidigera and Quillaja saponaria extracts (Nutrafito Plus®), in practical diets, on striped catfish Pangasianodon hypophthalmus growth, feed utilization, body composition, total ammonia‐nitrogen (TAN) excretion and haematological parameters. Four experimental diets were supplemented with Nutrafito Plus® at 0%, 0.01%, 0.02% and 0.03% (diets: control, N01, N02 and N03 respectively). Three replicate groups of striped catfish, with initial mean weight of 1.78 ± 0.05 g, were fed one of the four diets for 12 weeks. The specific growth rate (SGR) and final weight of fish fed diet N03 was significantly higher (P < 0.05) than fish fed the other dietary treatments. The growth performance of fish fed diets N01 and N02 were not significantly different compared to fish fed the control diet. Striped catfish fed diet N03 had improved feed conversion ratio (FCR), net protein utilization (NPU) and protein efficiency ratio (PER) than the control (P < 0.05). The inclusion of the high dietary level of Yucca schidigera and Quillaja saponaria, diet N03, reduced TAN compared to all groups. Dietary inclusion of Yucca schidigera and Quillaja saponaria at all levels investigated did not affect the whole body proximate composition of the striped catfish (P > 0.05). The packed cell volume (PCV) and haemoglobin level in fish fed diet N03 was significantly higher than in the fish fed the control diet. The present study demonstrates that dietary inclusion of Yucca schidigera and Quillaja saponaria induced positive effects on growth performance and haematological parameters and decreased TAN excretion in striped catfish.  相似文献   

16.
This study was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary synthetic β‐carotene on growth performance, haematological and immunological parameters, energy reserves and antioxidant status of juvenile fish Piaractus mesopotamicus. Two hundred and ten fish (12.24 ± 2.98 g) were fed with a control extruded feed (CEF) and the same diet supplemented with β‐carotene (BEF) for 90 days. A higher weight gain and specific growth rate were found in fish fed BEF in comparison with those fed CEF. In addition, BEF‐fed fish showed lower liver somatic index and a higher percentage of eosinophils. No statistical differences were found in energy reserves, except for plasma triglycerides which decreased in fish fed with BEF. Regarding oxidative stress markers, decreased activities of antioxidant enzymes were found in intestine and gills of BEF‐fed fish (SOD and GST, respectively). In the liver, both LPO levels and CAT activity decreased in fish fed with BEF. Additionally, lower brain LPO levels without changes in the antioxidant enzymes were observed in BEF‐fed fish. The inclusion of dietary synthetic β‐carotene improved growth and antioxidant status, and had a plasma triglyceride‐lowering effect in juvenile P. mesopotamicus.  相似文献   

17.
Dietary supplementation of yeast or yeast subcomponents (YYS) as commercial preparations of β‐glucan (MacroGard®; Biotec‐Mackzymal, Tromsø, Norway; and Betagard A®; Aqua‐In‐Tech, Inc., Seattle, WA, USA), mannan oligosaccharide (Bio‐Mos? Aqua Grade; Alltech, Nicholasville, KY, USA), or whole‐cell Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Levucell SB20®; Lallemand Animal Nutrition, Milwaukee, WI, USA) at the manufacturer’s recommended levels was evaluated on the physiological performance of juvenile channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus. Fish were fed YYS diets for 4 wk, followed by 2 wk of control diet. Fish were sampled at the end of each feeding period (4 and 6 wk) to measure hematological and immune parameters and growth and to determine the effects of dietary β‐glucan on resistance to Edwardsiella ictaluri infection and to low‐water stress (6 wk). Supplementation of YYS in diets did not affect growth performance, hematology, or immune function. Survival from E. ictaluri infection was from 5 to 17.5% higher in fish fed YYS diets than in the control group, but the increases were not significant. Some improvement in stress resistance was observed in YYS‐fed catfish after exposure to low‐water stress. Stress reduction in fish fed diets supplemented with yeast subcomponents has been reported previously, but thus far, no explanation has been proposed for this effect. The present study and the previously published research suggest that dietary YYS supplementation does not appear to improve resistance of channel catfish to E. ictaluri.  相似文献   

18.
Inflammation is a non‐specific protective mechanism towards injury known to affect bone remodelling. This study aimed to investigate the effect of Freund’s complete adjuvant (FCA) induced‐inflammation on the prevalence of spinal deformities of Atlantic salmon postsmolts fed with two different dietary P levels. Sextuple groups of salmon postsmolts were fed with either a low‐phosphorous (6 g kg?1 available P, LP) or a high‐phosphorous (9 g kg?1 available P) diet for a period of 101 days. On Day 102, individually tagged fish were subjected to (i) single injection with FCA (0.125 mg kg?1 BW) dissolved in phosphate‐buffered saline (PBS) (ii) placebo injection with PBS or (iii) sham injection (insertion of needle only) or (iv) remained untreated. On Day 103, fish were given a common diet for 174 days in seawater. No significant differences in body weight were observed. Injected fish, particularly the FCA group, had more compressions in the injection site than untreated fish. No effect of diet and no interaction between treatment and diet were observed. Severe scoliosis was observed in ～7% of FCA‐injected individuals, corresponding to a mixture of bone malformations in the tail region. In conclusion, experimentally induced inflammation may be an independent risk factor for bone deformities in Atlantic salmon.  相似文献   

19.
This study evaluated the effect of supplementation of a plant ingredients‐based diet with two levels of commercially digestive enzyme products: Synergen? and Natugrain® on the apparent digestibility coefficients (ADCs) of nutrients and on digestive enzyme activities in European seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax) juveniles. A control diet was formulated with 450 g/kg CP (200 g/kg from fish meal + 800 g/kg from plant protein) and 180 g/kg CL (fish oil), and four other diets were made similar to the control but supplemented with 0.2 g/kg or 0.4 g/kg of Synergen? and Natugrain®. Digestive enzyme activities were not affected by dietary treatments. Nevertheless, chyme pH along the intestine of fish fed the Natugrain®‐supplemented diets was reduced. The ADC of nutrients increased with exogenous digestive enzyme supplementation, with the highest ADC values being observed for the 0.4 g/kg Natugrain® diet. The ADC of dry matter, protein, lipids, energy and phosphorus in this diet were 26%, 6%, 4%, 16% and 63% higher, respectively, than in the control diet. Overall, diet supplementation with exogenous enzyme complexes seems to have high potential for improving the utilization of plant feedstuff‐rich diets for seabass juveniles. This study revealed that Natugrain® was more effective than Synergen? in improving the ADC of nutrients and energy in European seabass juveniles.  相似文献   

20.
Accumulation of 14C in various tissues and organs was studied in three different groups of 0.8‐kg Atlantic salmon Salmo salar force‐fed with 14C1‐glucose in order to evaluate if metabolism of glucose depended on adaptation to dietary carbohydrate level. The salmon had been fed diets supplemented with 0, 100 and 200 g maize dextrin kg?1 for 10 months before the experiment. The fish were force‐fed 6.65 × 104 Bq of 14C1 glucose kg?1 BW, in gelatin capsules. Fish for analysis were obtained 16 h later. 14C was measured in blood plasma, gill, kidney, liver and white muscle, and in lipid extract of liver. The liver contained most 14C, followed by heart, blood plasma, gill and liver lipid extract, while kidney and muscle contained the least 14C per gram or millilitre tissue. The muscle contained most radioactivity, on an estimated total tissue basis, followed by liver, blood plasma, gill, liver lipid extract, kidney and heart tissue. Thirty‐eight per cent of the orally administered 14C was recovered in the salmon adapted to the diet without dextrin after 16 h. This was significantly (P < 0.05) higher than the 30% and 32% recovered in the salmon adapted to diets with 10% and 20% dextrin. This effect on adaptation to dietary dextrin level in glucose uptake or metabolism was supported by a trend (P < 0.10) toward higher radioactivity per gram or millilitre of each individual tissue in the fish adapted to the diet without dextrin, when compared with the other two adaptation regimes.  相似文献   

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