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1.
The objective was to evaluate water‐soluble carbohydrate (WSC) and crude protein (CP) concentration of perennial ryegrass (PRG) cultivars with different genetic potential for producing WSC under two contrasting agronomic managements in temperate climate (southern Chile). A 4 × 2 factorial design was randomly allocated to 24 plots (31 m2 each, three blocks): four PRG cultivars (diploid standard cultivar, “2nSt”; tetraploid standard cultivar, “4nSt”; diploid high sugar cultivar developed in New Zealand, “2nHSNZ”; and tetraploid high sugar cultivar developed in Europe, “4nHSEU”) and two agronomic managements (“favourable,” defoliations at three leaves per tiller and nitrogen (N) fertilization rate of 83.3 kg N ha?1 year?1; “unfavourable,” defoliations at two leaves per tiller and N fertilization rate of 250 kg N ha?1 year?1). Herbage samples were collected in early spring, spring, summer and autumn. Concentration of WSC did not differ among cultivars in spring and summer, averaging 194 and 251 g/kg DM, respectively. The cultivar 4nHSEU had the greatest WSC concentration in early spring and autumn (187 and 266 g/kg DM, respectively) and the greatest CP concentration across samplings (average 230 g/kg DM). Favourable management improved WSC concentrations in early spring and summer and decreased CP in spring, summer and autumn. Annual DM yield did not vary with cultivar or management, averaging 8.43 t/ha. Within a 12‐month study at one site in a temperate environment in southern Chile, PRG cultivars have not shown a consistent expression of the “high sugar” trait, where a genetic × environment interaction might be operating.  相似文献   

2.
Grazed pastures based on ryegrass species provide most of the feed for dairy cattle in New Zealand. There are many cultivars of perennial (Lolium perenne), annual and Italian (L. multiflorum), and hybrid (L. boucheanum) ryegrasses available for dairy farmers to use in pasture renewal. This study describes an index which ranks ryegrass cultivars relative to a genetic base according to the estimated economic value (EV) of seasonal dry matter (DM) traits. A farm system model was used to derive EVs (Grazed pastures based on ryegrass species provide most of the feed for dairy cattle in New Zealand. There are many cultivars of perennial (Lolium perenne), annual and Italian (L. multiflorum), and hybrid (L. boucheanum) ryegrasses available for dairy farmers to use in pasture renewal. This study describes an index which ranks ryegrass cultivars relative to a genetic base according to the estimated economic value (EV) of seasonal dry matter (DM) traits. A farm system model was used to derive EVs ($ ha?1 calculated as change in operating profit divided by unit change of the trait) for additional DM produced in different seasons of the year in four regions. The EV of early spring DM was consistently high across all regions, whereas EV for late spring DM was moderate to low. Genotype × environment analysis revealed significant reranking of DM yield among ryegrass cultivars across regions. Hence, separate performance values (PVs) were calculated for two mega‐environments and then combined with the corresponding season and region EV to calculate the overall EV for twenty‐three perennial ryegrass and fifteen short‐term ryegrass cultivars. The difference in operating profit between the highest ranked and lowest ranked perennial ryegrass cultivar ranged from $556 ha?1 to $863 ha?1 year?1 depending on region. For short‐term ryegrasses used for winter feed, the corresponding range was $394 to $478 ha?1 year?1. Using PV for DM yield, it was estimated that plant improvement in perennial ryegrass has added $12–$18 ha?1 year?1 (depending on region) operating profit on dairy farms since the mid‐1960s.  相似文献   

3.
In durum wheat (Triticum durum Desf.) the improvement of yield stability represents an important component for agricultural progress worldwide. This work reports on the evaluation of the yield performance of 65 durum wheat genotypes (landraces, old and new cultivars with different years of release and advanced breeding lines), in a range of Italian environments to assess the changes in adaptation and yield stability achieved over the last century as results of the genetic improvement. The Additive Main effect and Multiplicative Interaction (AMMI) analysis was used to capture a large portion of the Genotype × Environment interaction (GE) sum of squares and to separate main and interaction effects. The breeding strategies adopted during the last decades have contributed to reduce the interaction of genotypes with environments selecting genotypes with better stability across a wide range of locations and years and modern genotypes outperformed the old ones in all test environments with a strong adaptability to improved fertility. The old cultivars were characterized by a minimal responsiveness to improved environmental conditions, showing an almost stable nominal yield in agreement with the concept of “biological” or “static” stability. In contrast, the modern cultivars were highly responsive to fertility improvements and showed a pronounced adaptation to high-input environments. Notably, within the group of modern cultivars two of them, Tiziana and Giusto, showed a high-yield stability in biological terms and a high nominal yield across the tested environments. Giusto and Tiziana were the best cultivars in terms of both nominal yield and minimal GE interaction, indicating that selecting for improved yield potential may increase yield in a wide range of environments.  相似文献   

4.
Kenaf is an important fiber crop worldwide. It was recently introduced to South Africa as a commercial fiber crop. The aim of this study was to determine how different environments and seasons influence stalk yield. Nine kenaf cultivars from various countries were analysed in two environments, over two consecutive seasons, where one location was irrigated and the other not. Data were recorded for total fresh yield, defoliated stalk yield and dry stalk yield. Yield stability was analysed with four different statistical models. The dry stalk yield varied from 15.33 to 17.78 ton/ha. El Salvador and Tainung 2 had high dry stalk yields in the favourable environments, but Tainung 2 did not have stable yield across all trials. Everglades 41 and El Salvador were the most stable of the varieties across both environments and seasons. El Salvador was the cultivar that had the highest and most stable dry stalk yield in the two seasons and two locations in South Africa, and should perform well in commercial production.  相似文献   

5.
Summary The response of five potato cultivars (Alpha, Cardinal, Désirée, Spunta and Up-to-Date) to a range of amounts of irrigation nitrogen top dressing (N.t.) in a rainless region was studied by means of the line-source sprinkler method. The irrigation-to-evaporation ratio,K p, ranged from 0.14 to 1.27 and N.t. from 12 kg/ha to 201 kg/ha, respectively. In all cultivars, the yield increased linearly up toK p=1.0; at higher ratios there was a yield decline in all cultivars except for Cardinal, in which the yield function flattened off. Spunta was the highest yielding cultivar (16t/ha) in the dry range (K p=0.14; N.t.=12 kg/ha). Désirée was the highest yielding cultivar (64 t/ha) in the wet range (K p=1.0; N.t.=201 kg/ha), and Alpha was the lowest yielding cultivar in both the dry and wet range (9 and 46 t/ha, respectively). Leaf permeability, leaf water potential and photosynthesis rate decreased, and tuber dry matter percentage increased with decreasingK p: these indices also varied with plant age, and among cultivars. Yields were adversely affected when soil water potential at the 30-cm depth dropped below −0.4 bar. Contributon from the Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Center, Bet Dagan, Israel. No E-811, 1983 Series.  相似文献   

6.
本实验分析了9个红麻品种在南非地区的产量稳定性。结果显示，在南非纳塔尔地区，红麻产量的基因型和环境相互作用显著。在不同的参试地区和年份中，红麻鲜重，鲜茎产量以及干茎产量均为极显著差异。灌溉条件下各产量指标明显高于干旱地区。本实验还应用了3个不同的参数和方案。评估了这9个品种的稳定性。结果表明，综合三个参数，EI Salvador是在不同环境条件下具有丰产潜力的品种。  相似文献   

7.
Perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) evaluation trials are often conducted under simulated grazing to identify the most productive cultivars. It is unclear whether simulated grazing identifies the most productive cultivar for animal‐grazed swards. Ten cultivars were established as plots and managed concurrently under simulated grazing (SG), animal grazing (AG) and conservation (CON). The experiment lasted 3 years with dry‐matter (DM) off‐take, digestibility, tiller density and ground‐cover score recorded in all years. A good relationship existed between DM off‐take under SG and CON (R2 = 0·73). The relationship between SG and AG was strongest in year 2 and 3 (R2 = 0·53 and 0·55 respectively). High DM production was observed in SG swards in year 1; this was weakly related to the DM production of the AG sward. Across the 3 years, the CON treatment had higher yields than either of the other two treatments and was poorly correlated to DM yield under AG, confirming that cultivars should be evaluated under a similar defoliation frequency to their intended use. Tiller density declined quickest under CON and slowest under AG. Some reranking of cultivars occurred between defoliation managements. The results show that simulated grazing is a useful indicator of DM yield performance of animal‐grazed swards.  相似文献   

8.
本实验分析了9个红麻品种在南非地区的产量稳定性.结果显示,在南非纳塔尔地区,红麻产量的基因型和环境相互作用显著.在不同的参试地区和年份中,红麻鲜重,鲜茎产量以及干茎产量均为极显著差异.灌溉条件下各产量指标明显高于干旱地区.本实验还应用了3个不同的参数和方案,评估了这9个品种的稳定性.结果表明,综合三个参数,EI Salvador是在不同环境条件下具有丰产潜力的品种.  相似文献   

9.
The effects of growing forage maize (Zea mays) with or without plastic mulching treatments on the dry‐matter (DM) yield, cob yield, DM content and starch content was investigated in Northern Ireland in 1996 and 1997. Cultivars differing in maturity characteristics were sown in spring at a range of dates in three replicated plot experiments and were used to compare the effects of two plastic mulches and an untreated control: one plastic mulch completely covered the rows (floating); the other had holes punched in the plastic, through which the plants grew (punch). Between April and October in 1996 and 1997, the Ontario heat units (OU) received were above average at 2489 and 2660 respectively; in those years without plastic mulches, the earliest maturing cultivar, Melody, yielded 11·0 and 13·6 t DM ha–1, with dry‐matter contents of 214 and 215 g kg–1 respectively. Mean daily increases in soil and air temperature under plastic mulches of up to 6°C and 11°C, respectively, were closely related to solar radiation. Under plastic mulches, 15% fewer OU were required to reach silking, and 33% more OU were available between silking and harvest. Meaned over three experiments, two years and three cultivars, plastic mulches, when compared with the unmulched control, increased maize yield from 12·0 to 14·7 t DM ha–1, cob yield from 3·7 to 6·8 t DM ha–1, dry‐matter content from 230 to 270 g kg–1 and starch content from 198 to 272 g kg–1. The effect of plastic mulch on the maturation of the crop was greatest at earlier sowings. In 1997, plants from an early sowing date (10 April) that had recently emerged through the punch plastic mulch were damaged by frost, whereas those in the floating plastic mulch plots were unaffected. When the floating plastic mulch was left on after the six‐ to eight‐leaf stage of the first‐early maize cultivar Hudson, the plants were physically damaged and the yield reduced, but DM and starch contents continued to increase. The increases in yield and dry‐matter content under the plastic mulch were greater in Diamant (second‐early cultivar) than in Melody (first‐early cultivar). It was concluded that, under marginal climatic conditions, plastic mulches ought to be used to improve the reliability of early cultivars rather than growing later maturing cultivars.  相似文献   

10.
Sainfoin (Onobrychis viciifolia Scop.) is one of the most drought-tolerant perennial legumes that can thrive in dry, alkaline soils. A 3-year study in the Central Anatolian Region of Turkey compared the persistence, productivity and nutritive value of sainfoin planted with nurse crops, namely Hungarian vetch (Vicia pannonica Crantz.) or triticale (× Triticosecale Wittm, ex A. Camus), at three seeding rates. Sainfoin and nurse crop emergence were significantly affected by the companion nurse crop, sowing rate and establishment year. The number of sainfoin plants at emergence was lower during a drier “bad” year (110 plant/m2) than in a “good” precipitation year (236 plant/m2). Triticale had a more negative impact on sainfoin growth than vetch. Planting nurse crops at high seeding rates (90 kg/ha) reduced the number of sainfoin seedlings as compared to the control, while the low seeding rate had little impact on sainfoin emergence. Planting sainfoin with triticale resulted in much greater yield exceeding 10 t/ha, but reduced the forage nutritive value compared to sainfoin monocultures and sainfoin–vetch mixtures. The seeding rate of the nurse crops during a dry year did not affect DM yield in the year of establishment nor in the following year. The findings of this study indicate that planting sainfoin with a nurse crop can substantially increase the DM yield in the year of establishment without yield penalties in the subsequent years, despite fewer established plants, as compared to sainfoin monocultures.  相似文献   

11.
One of the challenges of modern grassland systems is to minimize nitrogen (N) fertilization without negatively affecting the forage yield. Therefore, critical N dilution curves (Nc = ac W?b) have been developed in different species to improve N fertilization management. The aim of this study was to validate a critical N dilution curve for hybrid ryegrasses. Two field experiments were conducted in southern Chile. Treatments were the factorial combination of two hybrid ryegrasses (Shogun and Trojan cultivars) and seven N fertilization rates (0, 50, 100, 200, 350, 525 and 700 kg N/ha). Factors were arranged in a split‐plot design, where forage species were assigned to main plots and N rates to subplots that were randomized into four blocks. A wide range in forage yield and plant N concentration was observed (yield: 0.16 and 3.9 Mg DM/ha and N: 1.6% and 5.1%). The variations in these traits were principally explained by the N levels and harvest times. Relative yield responses of both cultivars were significantly (p < 0.001, R2 = 0.81–0.87) related to the nitrogen nutrition index (NNI) calculated with different critical N dilution curves. However, the NNI calculated with N dilution curves from annual ryegrass best described the relative yield response of hybrid ryegrass. Therefore, this validated critical N dilution curve (%Nc = 4.1W?0.38) will serve as a useful diagnosis tool for improving the N fertilization management of grazing systems for hybrid ryegrasses.  相似文献   

12.
Four perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) cultivars were compared for differences in herbage production, nutritive value and herbage intake of dry matter (DM) during the summers of 2002 and 2003. Two paddocks were sown with pure stands of four cultivars in a randomized block design with three replicates. Each plot was subdivided into fourteen subplots (22 m × 6 m) which were grazed by one cow during 24 h. Twelve lactating dairy cows were assigned to one cultivar for a period of 2 weeks in a 4 × 4 Latin square experimental design; the experiment lasted 8 weeks in each year. Sward structure (sward surface height, DM yield, green leaf mass, bulk density and tiller density) and morphological characteristics were measured. The ash, neutral‐detergent fibre, acid‐detergent lignin, crude protein and water‐soluble carbohydrate concentrations, and in vitro digestibility of the herbage were measured. The sward was also examined for infestation by crown rust (Puccinia coronata f. sp. lolii). Herbage intake of dairy cows was estimated using the n‐alkane technique. Cultivar differences for all sward structural characteristics were found except for bulk density and tiller density in 2003. Cultivars differed for proportions of pseudostem, stem (in 2003 only) and dead material. The chemical composition of the herbage was different among cultivars, with the water‐soluble carbohydrate concentration showing large variation (>0·35). Cultivars differed in susceptibility to crown rust. Herbage intake differed among cultivars in 2002 (>2 kg DM) but not in 2003. Herbage intake was positively associated with sward height, DM yield and green leaf mass. Canopy morphology did not affect herbage intake. Crown rust affected herbage intake negatively. It was concluded that options for breeders to select for higher intake were limited. High‐yielding cultivars and cultivars highly resistant to crown rust were positively related with a high herbage intake.  相似文献   

13.
Cultivar × location interaction for lucerne forage yield across northern Italy is large, repeatable and associated with summer drought-stress level and soil type. The objectives of this study were: (i) to investigate the genotypic factors associated with cultivar adaptive responses to drought-stress and soil factors; (ii) to identify adaptive traits exploitable for selection of widely adapted or specifically adapted material. Aerial dry matter (DM) over 12 harvests and shoot traits of 13 landraces and four varieties were evaluated in four artificial environments created by the factorial combination of drought-stress level (almost nil or high) and soil type (sandy-loam or silty-clay) (Exp. 1). Aerial and root DM over four or five harvests were evaluated in metal containers 55 cm × 12 cm × 75 cm deep for the factorial combinations of three varieties by two drought-stress levels by two soil types (Exp. 2), or six landraces by two drought-stress levels (Exp. 3). Cultivar × environment interaction was detected for forage yield, plant mortality after the second summer, leaflet size and stem weight. The environments of Exp. 1 reproduced well the variety adaptive responses across agricultural environments. The relationship of cultivar forage yield with shoot traits was environment-specific, i.e.: (i) strictly negative with plant mortality, in no-stress environments (where mortality and plant competition were severe); (ii) positive with stem number per plant and autumn-winter growth, in stress environments; (iii) positive with stem dry weight, in ‘stress/sandy-loam soil’; and (iv) positive with leaflet size, in ‘no-stress/sandy-loam soil’. Cultivars specifically adapted to no-stress or sandy-loam conditions showed consistently greater root DM across three soil layers than material with opposite adaptive response. Entry yields tended to inverse genetic correlation between two environments which represented contrasting geographical subregions and were characterized by different combinations of traits associated with higher yield, i.e.: (i) higher root biomass, lower plant mortality and larger leaflets, for ‘no-stress/sandy-loam soil’; and (ii) more stems per plant and greater autumn-winter growth, for ‘stress/silty-clay soil’. The difficulty of yield-based selection for wide adaptation may hardly be overcome by selection based on adaptive traits. Adaptive trait-based selection for specific adaptation may be envisaged especially for ‘stress/silty-clay soil’ conditions, for which the relevant traits are inexpensive to record, not correlated, and not subject to cultivar × environment interaction.  相似文献   

14.
Red pea–cereal intercropping could provide animal feed with agronomic and economic advantages. The growth rate, forage yield, quality, interspecific competition and financial outcome of intercrops of red pea (Lathyrus cicera L.) with wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and oat (Avena sativa L.) in two different seeding ratios (60:40, 80:20) were estimated. Growth rate of species was lower in the intercrops than in monocrops, especially in red pea–oat intercrops due to the strong competitive ability of oat. Red pea–oat intercrop of 60:40 produced the highest biomass (10.83 Mg/ha) and crude protein yield (1,116 kg/ha). Land equivalent ratio (LER) values were greater for the red pea with wheat (1.13) and oat 60:40 (1.09) indicating an advantage of intercropping in terms of dry‐matter (DM) yield, while red pea:oat 60:40 ranked first for LER for nitrogen yield. Aggressivity and partial actual yield loss indicated cereals as the dominant species. The highest monetary advantage index was recorded for the red pea:wheat 60:40 and the highest intercropping advantage value was recorded for the red pea:oat 80:20. In conclusion, most intercrops of red pea with wheat and oat showed significant advantages relative to their monocrops due to better DM production, resource‐use efficiency and economics under low‐input farming.  相似文献   

15.
Eight genotypes from two different genetic pools (high yielding varieties and landraces) were assessed for grain yield (GY) and for five quality traits: protein content (P), thousand kernel weight (TKW), yellow berry (YB), gluten content (Gc) and gluten index (Gi) in sub-humid and semi-arid areas using four combinations of nitrogen and potassium fertilizers during two cropping seasons. Genotype × Environment × Fertilizers (G × E × F) was significant only for protein content (p < 0.05); and E × F was found significant (p < 0.05) for all parameters. Greater quality related traits expression was noted in the semi-arid areas for both genetic pools. Excessive rainfall in semi-arid areas resulted in gluten elasticity reduction. N-fertilizers seemed to enhance protein content and to reduce thousand kernel weight. K-fertilizer, might enhance the increase in both proteins and thousand kernel weight in favorable growing conditions of water availability. Semolina yielding ability was higher in landraces as compared to high yielding varieties particularly using recommended fertilizer management. This group of cultivars showed superiority over high yielding cultivars for quantitative quality parameters.  相似文献   

16.
Nitrogen fertilizer was applied at 0, 30,60 and 90 kg N ha-1 in March 1976, 1977 and 1978 to plots containing perennial ryegrass cv. Barlenna sown either alone or with white clover cv. Blanca, Sabeda, Olwen and S100 in four replicated blocks.
Dry matter (DM) yield of all swards responded positively to N with the response being highest in the no-clover swards in two of the three years. Annual DM yields were lower in the no-clover than in the mixed swards at any given N level. The higher levels of N reduced DM yield in mixed swards at some harvests in midsummer.
Swards of S100 were consistently among the lower yielding mixed swards, whereas the other three clover cultivars varied in their relative yields. There were no N x cultivar interactions for white clover yields; irrespective of cultivar, N application reduced annual white clover yield by similar amounts.
It is concluded that it is beneficial to apply moderate amounts of N fertilizer to mixed swards in spring and that under these conditions the yield differences between swards including medium-large and smaller leaved white clover cultivars are similar to differences between the inherent yield potential of these cultivars in mixed swards receiving no N.  相似文献   

17.
To test whether or not the ‘stay‐green’ (SG) characteristic confers benefits in terms of crop yield or distribution of dry matter (DM) in selected forage maize cultivars, an experiment was conducted in 1998 and 1999 at two sites in England: Writtle College, Essex and the University of Leeds, West Yorkshire. Five SG and five conventional (C) cultivars of forage maize were grown in replicated field‐scale plots at each site in both years. One‐metre lengths of single rows in each plot were harvested by hand, leaving a 20‐cm stubble, on four occasions each year over 3‐week periods (harvest 1 to harvest 4), prior to the harvest of the remainder of the fields. Plants were chopped, mixed and a subsample taken for determination of DM content by oven‐drying. Mean yields of whole plant DM were similar between SG and C cultivars. Both yield of DM and proportion of ear in the total plant DM increased from harvest 1 to harvest 4 (P < 0·01). The increase in DM yield between harvest 1 and harvest 4 was greater for C than for SG cultivars (P < 0·05). Within sites there were no differences in the concentration of whole plant DM between SG and C cultivars, which increased from harvest 1 to harvest 4 (P < 0·001). The proportion of ear DM in the whole plant DM tended to be higher for C than for SG cultivars in both years and increased (P < 0·001) from harvest 1 to harvest 4. The concentration of DM in the ear fraction was higher (P < 0·05) for C than for SG cultivars. We conclude that differences between SG and C cultivars of forage maize are likely to be relatively small when grown in the English climate and harvested after the same growing period.  相似文献   

18.
A reliable supply of herbage is a crucial feature of forage‐based livestock systems. Forage resources with winter‐active growth habits can help extend the growing season in early spring and late autumn in regions with mild‐winter conditions while drought‐ and heat‐tolerant plants help meet herbage needs during summer in humid temperate regions. The prairiegrass (Bromus catharticus, Vahl) cultivars, Grassland Dixon and Grasslands Lakota, provide resistance to foliar disease and cold in addition to sustained productivity when soil moisture is low, and could be useful over a wide range of growing conditions. The cultivars were sown in spring or summer to determine seasonal distribution of productivity and nutritive value of herbage grown in a cool‐temperate region. Stands established rapidly regardless of sowing time or cultivar and were virtually pure prairiegrass once plants were well‐established. Stand composition of broadcast sowings tended to be stable in subsequent growing seasons, whereas the amount of prairiegrass varied in no‐till stands. In the growing seasons after establishment, cumulative dry matter (DM) yield of Lakota was similar regardless of when it was sown, whereas DM yield of Dixon differed with sowing time and was less in spring‐ than summer‐planted stands. Rapid stand establishment, significant late‐season yield, consistent concentrations of crude protein, non‐structural carbohydrate and total digestible nutrients in herbage, and dominance of sward composition, suggest that prairiegrass cultivars, Dixon and Lakota, are excellent resources for forage‐based livestock production systems in humid temperate conditions.  相似文献   

19.
Re‐ensiling of previously ensiled forage has been a common practice in Brazil, and the use of inoculants may provide a means of reducing dry‐matter (DM) loss. This study aimed to determine the effect of re‐ensiling and the use of microbial inoculants on the quality of sorghum silage. Treatments were presence/absence of an inoculant (Lactobacillus plantarum and Propionibacterium acidipropionici) in the silage, and the re‐ensiling, or not, of the material after 24 h of exposure to air, and these were tested in a factorial 2 × 2 design. Losses due to gas, effluent and total DM were assessed, as were the fermentation characteristics, chemical composition, aerobic stability, and aerobic counts of microorganisms. Effluent loss was higher in re‐ensiled silage, and these silages had lower lactic acid content and higher levels of acetic and propionic acids. The in vitro DM digestibility was lower in the re‐ensiled sorghum silages. The re‐ensiled silage had higher aerobic stability. The inoculant only increased the acetic acid content of the silage. The re‐ensiling of sorghum silage increased effluent loss by 71·2%, and reduced DM digestibility by 5·35%. The use of inoculant did not influence the quality of sorghum silage.  相似文献   

20.
Intercropping of grain legumes with cereals may offer several advantages over sole crops for forage production and is commonly used, particularly in low‐input agriculture. Faba bean (Vicia faba L.), oat (Avena sativa L.) and triticale (×Triticosecale Wittmack) sole crops as well as the intercrops of faba bean with each of the above cereals, in three seeding ratios (75:25, 50:50 and 25:75), were compared for dry‐matter (DM) yield, nitrogen (N) concentration, chlorophyll content, growth rate and plant height in a 2‐year field experiment. Triticale sole crop and faba bean intercrops with triticale provided higher DM yield than faba bean sole crop and the intercrops of faba bean with oat. Growth rates of faba bean, oat and triticale in mixtures were lower than those in sole crops. Faba bean plants were taller in the intercrops than in the sole crop at 3 weeks after tillering (WAT), whereas at 6 WAT, the trend was different as faba bean plants in the sole crop were taller than in the intercrops. N concentration was higher for the cereals when faba bean was included in the mixture. Crude protein (CP) concentration was the highest in faba bean sole crop followed by the faba bean intercrops with oat. However, triticale sole crop and faba bean mixtures with triticale provided higher CP yield than all other crops because of their highest DM yield. Thus, mixtures of faba beans with triticale could be a promising alternative for increased forage production because of their capacity for high DM and protein yields.  相似文献   

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