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本文对茶园绿肥多花木兰冠层节肢动物群落结构进行初步调查,结果共采集到节肢动物5018头,其中以不危害植物的中性昆虫的数量最多（2968头）,占群落物种个体总数的59.15%;其次是肉食性天敌的数量（1106头）,占群落总个体数的22.04%;植食性害虫的数量（929头）第三,占群落总个体数的18.51%。群落多样性指数以6～7月较高,12月份较低,植食性害虫和肉食性天敌的个体数呈极显著的正相关。初步结果显示多花木兰适于在茶园边坡、路旁种植。 相似文献
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采用直接观察法,分析比较了直播棉田的节肢动物群落、害虫和天敌亚群落的结构组成及其多样性特征指数,并对其时间动态进行聚类。结果表明,安徽省沿江棉区直播棉田节肢动物群落共有13目43科56种。节肢动物总群落多样性指数和物种丰富度分别高于害虫亚群落和天敌亚群落,总群落的优势集中性指数和优势度在6月份以后分别低于害虫和天敌亚群落。害虫、天敌亚群落与总群落的多样性特征指数变化趋势较一致。害虫亚群落的优势集中性指数在5月和9月中下旬高于天敌亚群落和总群落。经系统聚类可将该类棉田害虫和天敌亚群落的时间动态分为4个阶段:棉花苗期群落、蕾花期群落、花铃期群落和吐絮期群落;棉花蕾花期是棉田害虫重点防治时期。 相似文献
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2006年8月至2007年8月对惠安番石榴园树冠节肢动物群落结构特征及群落特征的时序动态进行了研究。结果表明,树冠节肢动物共采集到2纲、16目、100科总计218种,其中害虫116种、天敌61种、中性昆虫41种。害虫优势种为桔小实蝇Bactrocera dorsalis(Hendel)和棉蚜Aphis gossypii Glover,天敌优势种为细纹猫蛛Oxyopes macilentus L.Koch和大草蛉Chrysopa septempunctata Wesmael。节肢动物群落的物种丰富度、个体丰盛度、多样性指数、均匀度指数和优势集中性指数等特征随季节的更替发生波动。 相似文献
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分析了松墨天牛（Monochamus alternatusHope）对马尾松（Pinus massonianaLamb.）林分节肢动物群落的影响。结果表明：随松墨天牛危害程度加重,马尾松林分中节肢动物的物种数和个体数明显下降,其捕食性、植食性功能群种类和个体数及寄生性天敌个体数明显减少;松墨天牛危害对灌木草本层节肢动物种类和数量影响最大,在重度危害林分中,灌木草本层的节肢动物多样性指数H′和优势集中性指数J均显著低于轻度危害林分中的指数;受松墨天牛危害后,林分中稳定性指数S1/S2和N1/N2显著下降,马尾松林分中节肢动物的多样性和稳定性及其天敌对害虫的制约潜能显著降低。 相似文献
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杂草地和苜蓿田节肢动物群落时序动态 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
2004年7月初至9月底,运用扫网法对山东省惠民县淄角镇棉田周边的杂草地和苜蓿田的节肢动物群落进行了调查,结果表明:(1)杂草地的节肢动物物种数多于苜蓿田,个体数则少于苜蓿田;烟蓟马是杂草地和苜蓿田的优势害虫.(2)对害虫、天敌和中性节肢动物这三个功能团物种数和个体数的比较表明,苜蓿田和杂草地天敌的物种数和个体数均长期大于害虫,中性节肢动物的变化则较大.(3)苜蓿田与杂草地节肢动物群落均表现出物种多、个体数量大、群落多样性指数高而且稳定的特点.(4)杂草地节肢动物群落时序动态可分为5个阶段,即:7月份1个阶段,8月份3个阶段,9月份1个阶段;苜蓿田节肢动物群落时序动态也可分为5个阶段,即:7月份3个阶段,8月份1个阶段,9月份1个阶段. 相似文献
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单季稻田节肢动物群落演替规律 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
运用种类丰富度、数量、申农指数等指标,对浙江省富阳市的稻田节肢动物群落的演替过程进行了描述、分析。可将整个演替过程划分为扩展期、波动期、衰减期三个时段,依据对水稻的不同作用性质将节肢动物群落分为天敌、害虫、中性昆虫三个亚群落。从以上三个指标的分析结果来看,三种亚群落的演替过程具有不同步性。相比而言,天敌亚群落具有最高的丰富度和多样性,其贡献率几乎达到50%;中性昆虫亚群落与害虫亚群落三个指标的每周累加值具有相似性,但数量消长呈负相关性。 相似文献
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对伞房决明冠层和茶冠层的节肢动物群落进行系统调查,在伞房决明冠层共采集到节肢动物10182个个体.其中:中性昆虫个体数最多6590只,占群落物种个体数的64.72％,极显著高于茶冠层;植食性害虫共采集到2285只,占群落物种个体总数的22.44％;天敌1307头,占群落物种个体总数的12.84％.与茶冠层相比,极显著提... 相似文献
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Semi-natural field borders are frequently used in midwestern U.S. sustainable agriculture. These habitats are meant to help diversify otherwise monocultural landscapes and provision them with ecosystem services, including biological control. Predatory and parasitic arthropods (i.e., potential natural enemies) often flourish in these habitats and may move into crops to help control pests. However, detailed information on the capacity of semi-natural field borders for providing overwintering refuge for these arthropods is poorly understood. In this study, we used soil emergence tents to characterize potential natural enemy communities (i.e., predacious beetles, wasps, spiders, and other arthropods) overwintering in cultivated organic crop fields and adjacent field borders. We found a greater abundance, species richness, and unique community composition of predatory and parasitic arthropods in field borders compared to arable crop fields, which were generally poorly suited as overwintering habitat. Furthermore, potential natural enemies tended to be positively associated with forb cover and negatively associated with grass cover, suggesting that grassy field borders with less forb cover are less well-suited as winter refugia. These results demonstrate that semi-natural habitats like field borders may act as a source for many natural enemies on a year-to-year basis and are important for conserving arthropod diversity in agricultural landscapes. 相似文献
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Franklin H. Rocha Francisco Infante Alfredo Castillo Guillermo Ibarra-Nu?ez Arturo Goldarazena Joe E. Funderburk 《Journal of insect science (Online)》2015,15(1)
A field survey was conducted in Ataulfo mango (Mangifera indica L.) orchards in Chiapas, Mexico, with the objective of determining the natural enemies of the Frankliniella complex species (Thysanoptera: Thripidae). Seven species of this genus feed and reproduce in large numbers during the mango flowering. Two representative orchards were selected: the orchard “Tres A” characterized by an intensive use of agrochemicals directed against thrips, and the orchard “La Escondida” that did not spray insecticides. During mango flowering, five inflorescences were randomly collected every 5 d in both orchards, for a total of 18 sampling dates. Results revealed the presence of 18 species of arthropods that were found predating on Frankliniella. There were 11 species in the families Aeolothripidae, Phlaeothripidae, Formicidae, Anthocoridae and Chrysopidae; and seven species of spiders in the families Araneidae, Tetragnathidae, and Uloboridae. Over 88% of predators were anthocorids, including, Paratriphleps sp. (Champion), Orius insidiosus (Say), Orius tristicolor (White), and O. perpunctatus (Reuter). The orchard that did not spray insecticides had a significantly higher number of predators suggesting a negative effect of the insecticides on the abundance of these organisms. 相似文献
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为揭示绿肥对咖啡园杂草多样性及功能群的影响,调查了云南省保山市常规种植咖啡园（CK）、种植绿肥田菁咖啡园（SC）、种植绿肥硬皮豆咖啡园（MU）的杂草群落,探讨种植绿肥对咖啡园杂草群落的生态位、多样性、群落结构相似性及功能群的影响。结果表明：CK有杂草12科21种,SC有杂草10科16种,MU有杂草7科10种。3种类型咖啡园杂草生态位宽度大于0.600的杂草有10种,其中,CK有6种,SC有2种,MU有3种。种植绿肥的咖啡园杂草的物种丰富度、个体数、ACE估计值、Fisher α指数、Shannon-Wiene指数及生物量均低于常规种植咖啡园（CK）,其中,杂草物种丰富度、ACE估计值和鲜重具有显著性差异。常规种植咖啡园与种植绿肥咖啡园杂草群落结构不相似。3种类型咖啡园杂草单子叶一年生或越年生植物功能群占据最大优势,但种植绿肥咖啡园的占比更高。种植绿肥改变了咖啡园杂草群落的生态位、群落结构及功能群,降低了咖啡园杂草群落多样性,对咖啡园杂草群落产生了影响。 相似文献
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芒果炭疽病是海南省芒果生产中危害最严重的病害。本文应用生态位理论,测定芒果炭疽病生境生态位。结果表明芒果炭疽病的空间生态位宽度指数比较大,对空间资源利用较充分。果园中间的果树通风性差,湿度大,芒果炭疽病的病情指数最大,北边边线较通风、湿度小芒果炭疽病病情指数最小。果实期、夏稍期、秋稍期、花期芒果炭疽病的生境生态位宽度指数依次为：0.950 8、0.941 2、0.965 3、0.849 7。在各生境位点上,芒果炭疽病对资源的占有和利用能力是不同的,边线的生境相对不利于芒果炭疽病的生存,花期时果园各方位生境 相似文献
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Background
Community recovery following primary habitat alteration can provide tests for various hypotheses in ecology and conservation biology. Prominent among these are questions related to the manner and rate of community assembly after habitat perturbation. Here we use space-for-time substitution to analyse frog and lizard community assembly along two gradients of habitat recovery following slash and burn agriculture (jhum) in Mizoram, Northeast India. One recovery gradient undergoes natural succession to mature tropical rainforest, while the other involves plantation of jhum fallows with teak Tectona grandis monoculture.Results
Frog and lizard communities accumulated species steadily during natural succession, attaining characteristics similar to those from mature forest after 30 years of regeneration. Lizards showed higher turnover and lower augmentation of species relative to frogs. Niche based classification identified a number of guilds, some of which contained both frogs and lizards. Successional change in species richness was due to increase in the number of guilds as well as the number of species per guild. Phylogenetic structure increased with succession for some guilds. Communities along the teak plantation gradient on the other hand, did not show any sign of change with chronosere age. Factor analysis revealed sets of habitat variables that independently determined changes in community and guild composition during habitat recovery.Conclusions
The timescale of frog and lizard community recovery was comparable with that reported by previous studies on different faunal groups in other tropical regions. Both communities converged on primary habitat attributes during natural vegetation succession, the recovery being driven by deterministic, nonlinear changes in habitat characteristics. On the other hand, very little faunal recovery was seen even in relatively old teak plantation. In general, tree monocultures are unlikely to support recovery of natural forest communities and the combined effect of shortened jhum cultivation cycles and plantation forestry could result in landscapes without mature forest. Lack of source pools of genetic diversity will then lead to altered vegetation succession and faunal community reassembly. It is therefore important that the value of habitat mosaics containing even patches of primary forest and successional secondary habitats be taken into account. 相似文献17.
The role of adjacent habitats in rodent damage levels in Australian macadamia orchard systems 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Estimates of damage caused by Rattus rattus to macadamia nut crops were determined from several Australian macadamia orchards during the 1995/1996 growing season. Both the extent and pattern of crop damage were associated with the type of adjacent non-crop habitat. Orchards adjacent to large, temporally stable, structurally complex habitats experienced high levels of rodent damage (mean 9.9%). Front row trees adjacent to these stable habitats showed significantly higher damage than trees further into the orchard, suggesting an interaction between the crop and non-crop habitats. Orchards adjacent to highly modified grasslands and other orchard blocks exhibited the lowest levels of damage (mean 0.8%), with the damage in these areas being uniformly distributed.
Rattus rattus was the main rodent species responsible for damage. Animals were not distributed uniformly throughout the orchard system. High densities of rodents were found in temporally stable adjacent habitats, while low densities were present in temporally unstable adjacent habitats and cropped areas. The stability and complexity of adjacent non-crop habitats directly affected the potential for rodent damage to macadamia crops. Manipulation of large, temporally stable adjacent habitats therefore could be an effective method for reducing rodent damage in macadamia orchards. 相似文献