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通过无创方式对芩黄清肺散(Qinhuang qingfei powder,QQP)进行安全药理学研究。采用MC4000无创血压仪检测清醒大鼠的平均动脉压(mean arterial pressure,MAP)和脉搏;采用EMKA无创肺功能仪检测清醒大鼠的呼吸频率(respiratory rate,f)、潮气量(tidal volume,TV)和呼吸曲线;同时进行小鼠戊巴比妥钠阈剂量(阈下剂量)催眠试验、小鼠一般状态及自主活动试验以及小鼠机能协调运动试验。结果表明,清醒大鼠心血管系统和呼吸系统功能试验,芩黄清肺散3个剂量组大鼠的MAP、脉搏、f、TV、呼吸曲线等与对照组相比无显著差异;戊巴比妥钠阈剂量催眠试验,3个剂量组小鼠入睡时间和睡眠持续时间与对照组相比无显著差异;戊巴比妥钠阈下剂量催眠试验的结果表明,3个剂量组小鼠睡眠数量与对照组相比无显著差异;小鼠一般状态及自主活动试验和小鼠机能协调运动试验中,3个剂量组小鼠睡眠数量与对照组相比无显著差异。说明芩黄清肺散对受试动物的心血管系统、呼吸系统和中枢神经系统均无影响,是一种临床上安全的药物。 相似文献
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研究强化褪黑素超高温灭菌牛奶（褪黑素含量：3mg/250mL）对改善动物睡眠的作用。结果表明：样品能明显缩短动物注射戊巴比妥钠后的入睡时间、延长睡眠时间,可增加注射戊巴比妥钠阈下剂量后的入睡动物数,缩短注射戊巴比妥钠后的睡眠潜伏期,且无明显直接睡眠作用。因此,强化褪黑素超高温灭菌牛奶具有改善睡眠作用。 相似文献
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对板连败毒口服液进行安全药理学研究。通过小鼠戊巴比妥钠阈剂量(阈下剂量)催眠试验、小鼠一般状态及自主活动试验和小鼠的协调性试验,考察药物对神经系统的影响;用MC4000无创血压仪和EMKA小动物无创肺功能仪检测,记录不同时间段的收缩压、舒张压、平均动脉压、脉搏、呼吸频率、潮气量、呼吸节律等相关指标,分析药物对心血管系统、呼吸系统的影响。板连败毒口服液对小鼠戊巴比妥钠阈(阈下剂量)剂量催眠试验结果显示,睡眠持续时间和睡眠个数3个剂量组与对照组相比无显著差异;小鼠一般状态及自主活动试验和机能协调运动试验中,3个剂量组与对照组相比无显著差异。板连败毒口服液对大鼠的收缩压、舒张压、平均动脉压、脉搏、呼吸频率、潮气量、呼吸节律等无显著影响。板连败毒口服液对动物的中枢神经系统、心血管系统和呼吸系统均无显著影响,是一种临床上较为安全的药物。 相似文献
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乌梅酸枣仁提取物对鸡人工感染传染性法氏囊病的疗效试验 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
本试验旨在验证乌梅酸枣仁提取物对鸡传染性法氏囊病的预防和治疗效果。以鸡传染性法氏囊LX毒株感染未接种法氏囊疫苗的雏鸡,建立动物模型;以自拟乌梅酸枣仁提取物分高、中、低3个剂量组口服,以黄芪多糖为对照,评价其预防和治疗鸡传染性法氏囊病的疗效。结果表明：①人工感染鸡传染性法氏囊病毒后,预防试验中测试药物中剂量组、黄芪多糖组的相对增重率分别为81.85%和48.24%;成活率分别为87.5%和100%。统计分析结果表明,测试药物中剂量组的相对增重率显著高于黄芪多糖组（P<0.05）,两组成活率差异不显著（P>0.05）;中剂量组、黄芪多糖组的法氏囊指数分别为0.187和0.123,脾脏指数分别为0.361和0.286。中剂量组的免疫器官指数均明显高于黄芪多糖组,差异显著（P<0.05）。②治疗试验中,测试药物中剂量组、黄芪多糖组的相对增重率分别为29.55%和46.1%,成活率分别为100%和80%。中剂量组、黄 芪多糖组的法氏囊指数分别为0.22和0.25,脾脏指数分别为0.34和0.36。经过统计学分析,上述两试验组的各项指标差异均不显著（P>0.05）。由此可知,乌梅酸枣仁提取物以200 mg/kg体重口服,连续5 d能有效提高人工感染传染性法氏囊病鸡的成活率,且预防和治疗保护率均超过80%;测试药物通过提高鸡法氏囊、脾脏指数而发挥增强机体免疫功能抵抗病毒侵害的功效。 相似文献
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适当降低每次输精时猪精的有效精子数可提高公猪利用效率、减少公猪饲养规模,同时能更充分地利用优秀的公猪。试验以15亿/80 mL规格猪精为对照组,比较12亿/80 mL、12亿/60 mL和10亿/60 mL规格猪精的深部输精对经产母猪繁殖性能的影响。结果显示:受胎率15亿/80 mL>12亿/60 mL>10亿/60 mL>12亿/80 mL,无显著性差异(P>0.05);分娩率15亿/80 mL>12亿/60 mL>12亿/80 mL>10亿/60 mL,无显著性差异(P>0.05);窝均总产仔数、窝均产活仔数、窝均出生重和头均出生重无显著差异(P>0.05)。综合来看,与对照组相比,12亿/60 mL组可以做到不影响繁殖性能,同时使猪精产能提升20%,有推广价值。 相似文献
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D Sanchez-Migallon Guzman MJ Souza JM Braun SK Cox NS Keuler JR Paul-Murphy 《American journal of veterinary research》2012,73(8):1148-1152
Objective-To evaluate antinociceptive effects on thermal thresholds after oral administration of tramadol hydrochloride to Hispaniolan Amazon parrots (Amazona ventralis). Animals-15 healthy adult Hispaniolan Amazon parrots. Procedures-2 crossover experiments were conducted. In the first experiment, 15 parrots received 3 treatments (tramadol at 2 doses [10 and 20 mg/kg] and a control suspension) administered orally. In the second experiment, 11 parrots received 2 treatments (tramadol hydrochloride [30 mg/kg] and a control suspension) administered orally. Baseline thermal foot withdrawal threshold was measured 1 hour before drug or control suspension administration; thermal foot withdrawal threshold was measured after administration at 0.5, 1.5, 3, and 6 hours (both experiments) and also at 9 hours (second experiment only). Results-For the first experiment, there were no overall effects of treatment, hour, period, or any interactions. For the second experiment, there was an overall effect of treatment, with a significant difference between tramadol hydrochloride and control suspension (mean change from baseline, 2.00° and -0.09°C, respectively). There also was a significant change from baseline for tramadol hydrochloride at 0.5, 1.5, and 6 hours after administration but not at 3 or 9 hours after administration. Conclusions and Clinical Relevance-Tramadol at a dose of 30 mg/kg, PO, induced thermal antinociception in Hispaniolan Amazon parrots. This dose was necessary for induction of significant and sustained analgesic effects, with duration of action up to 6 hours. Further studies with other types of noxious stimulation, dosages, and intervals are needed to fully evaluate the analgesic effects of tramadol hydrochloride in psittacines. 相似文献
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早期刈割对苜蓿再生性的影响 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
对苜蓿Medicago sativa进行早期刈割处理,以正常刈割时间(1/10开花期)为对照,设7个不同刈割时期进行刈割处理,测定与苜蓿生产性能和再生性相关的各项指标,研究早期刈割对苜蓿再生性和生产性能的影响,对不同时期刈割处理后的鲜草产量及其相关性状的动态变化进行测定.结果表明,不同刈割处理下苜蓿的再生性能存在明显差异,极早期刈割处理产草量最低;适宜刈割,也就是初花期刈割产草量最高.7个刈割处理生长性状动态变化为:株高在分枝期、孕蕾期、开花期有较大差异;除提前25 d刈割的处理外,其他各个处理的侧枝数、节间数差异较小;叶片数在不同生育期的动态变化为:分枝期不同处理间无差异,从孕蕾期到开花期处理间差异很明显;分枝数在整个生育期的不同处理间变化不是很显著;草产量与其相关性状株高和分枝数呈显著正相关. 相似文献
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SD JOHNSTON D. OBOYLE AJ FROST MR MCGOWAN A. TRIBE D. HIGGINS 《Australian veterinary journal》1998,76(5):335-338
Aim To determine the normal microbial flora of the koala ejaculate and prepuce in order to select appropriate antibiotics for addition into diluents designed for the preservation of semen.
Procedure Bacteriological samples of the koala prepuce (n = 12) and ejaculate (n = 20) were submitted for microbial culture and sensitivity testing. Microbial flora of ejaculates collected by electroejaculation and artificial vagina were compared. The effects of varying concentrations of penicillin G and gentamicin on sperm motility and on the growth of bacteria in diluted semen stored at room temperature and 16°C over a 24 h period were investigated.
Results A range of bacteria was isolated from the koala prepuce and ejaculate. The predominant organisms in semen collected by electroejaculation and artificial vagina were Corynebacterium spp, none of which could be assigned to any recognised species. The addition of penicillin G and gentamicin to a PBS-based diluent at dose rates of 1000 to 2000 IU/mL and 100 to 200 m g/mL respectively, resulted in no adverse effect on sperm motility over a 24 h incubation period. Penicillin G (1000 IU/mL) and gentamicin (100 m g/mL) prevented growth of bacterial contaminants in diluted koala semen.
Conclusion By controlling the growth of bacteria in extended koala semen, penicillin G and gentamicin are likely to lengthen the period by which spermatozoa can be stored at 16°C and reduce the possibility of disease transmission during artificial insemination procedures. 相似文献
Procedure Bacteriological samples of the koala prepuce (n = 12) and ejaculate (n = 20) were submitted for microbial culture and sensitivity testing. Microbial flora of ejaculates collected by electroejaculation and artificial vagina were compared. The effects of varying concentrations of penicillin G and gentamicin on sperm motility and on the growth of bacteria in diluted semen stored at room temperature and 16°C over a 24 h period were investigated.
Results A range of bacteria was isolated from the koala prepuce and ejaculate. The predominant organisms in semen collected by electroejaculation and artificial vagina were Corynebacterium spp, none of which could be assigned to any recognised species. The addition of penicillin G and gentamicin to a PBS-based diluent at dose rates of 1000 to 2000 IU/mL and 100 to 200 m g/mL respectively, resulted in no adverse effect on sperm motility over a 24 h incubation period. Penicillin G (1000 IU/mL) and gentamicin (100 m g/mL) prevented growth of bacterial contaminants in diluted koala semen.
Conclusion By controlling the growth of bacteria in extended koala semen, penicillin G and gentamicin are likely to lengthen the period by which spermatozoa can be stored at 16°C and reduce the possibility of disease transmission during artificial insemination procedures. 相似文献
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试验旨在研究乳酸诺氟沙星对昆明种小鼠精子畸形、亚慢性毒性、蓄积毒性及耐受性的影响。选取健康昆明种小鼠,采用灌胃法给药后观察小鼠的精子畸形率、脏器系数、蓄积系数及对乳酸诺氟沙星的耐受性。结果显示,精子畸形试验阴性对照组及高、中、低剂量组小鼠精子畸形率与阳性对照组相比均差异极显著（P<0.01）;给药60 d后,高剂量组雌性小鼠体重增加值与对照组相比差异显著（P<0.05）,高剂量组雌性小鼠肺脏器系数与对照组及低剂量组相比差异显著（P<0.05）,高剂量组雄性小鼠肺、肾脏器系数与对照组相比差异显著（P<0.05）;蓄积毒性试验中小鼠未见死亡,蓄积系数大于5;耐受性试验给药组小鼠死亡率与对照组相比差异极显著（P<0.01）。由此可知,乳酸诺氟沙星为弱蓄积药物,且对小鼠精子无致畸作用,但小鼠长期接触可能对其肺和肾组织有一定影响,并产生一定程度的耐受性。 相似文献
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猪支原体肺炎是由猪肺炎支原体(Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae ,Mhp)引起的猪的一种慢性呼吸道疾病,严重影响养猪业发展,活疫苗气溶胶免疫是防治该病的新措施。为研究猪肺炎支原体活疫苗(168株)经气溶胶免疫后,疫苗株在免疫猪肺内的占位存留规律,选用3周龄不吃初乳猪27头,随机分为3组,G1气溶胶免疫组12头,G2肺内免疫组12头,同时设立阴性对照3头。分别于免疫后第2 h、7 d、14 d及28 d进行鼻拭子Mhp sIgA检测以及血清抗体检测。另外在上述时间点分别宰杀G1和G2组各3头,对照组在实验组免疫后第28 d宰杀,采集肺泡灌洗液,分别进行Mhp sIgA检测及Mhp疫苗株含量检测。结果显示:(1)所有试验猪至实验结束,Mhp血清抗体未出现转阳现象;(2)鼻拭子sIgA水平G1组在免疫后第14 d与对照组相比上升,差异具有显著统计学意义(p <0.05);G2组在免疫后第7 d和14 d与相应的对照组相比上升,差异具有显著统计学意义(p <0.05),各时间点G1组与G2组sIgA水平差异不具备统计学意义(p >0.05);(3)G1组肺泡灌洗液中的 sIgA在免疫后14 d部分转阳(阳性率33.33%),28 d全部转阳(阳性率100%);G2组在免疫14 d时已全部转阳(阳性率100%),各时间点G1组与G2组sIgA水平差异不具备统计学意义(p >0.05);(4)气溶胶免疫组肺泡灌洗液内Mhp疫苗株浓度在免疫后第2 h、7 d、14 d和28 d分别是相应肺内免疫组的0.37倍、1.01倍、0.88倍以及0.52倍。猪支原体肺炎活疫苗(168株)经气溶胶免疫后,和肺内免疫一样可以诱导免疫猪的局部黏膜免疫以及具有同等的占位效应,且经气溶胶免疫的疫苗株在免疫仔猪体内的增殖水平可能与其诱导的黏膜免疫水平相关。 相似文献
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Two studies were conducted to determine efficacy of cabergoline for suppressing prolactin (PRL) and the possible effects on vernal transition in mares. In experiment 1, six mares each received either vehicle or cabergoline (5 mg, intramuscularly) every 10 days for 12 treatments beginning February 4, 2013. Blood samples were drawn regularly, and mares were challenged with sulpiride periodically to assess PRL suppression. Weekly hair samples were obtained to determine shedding. Prolactin was suppressed (P < .05) by cabergoline, but suppression waned in spring. There was no effect (P > .05) of treatment on day of first ovulation, luteinizing hormone, or follicle stimulating hormone. Hair shedding was generally suppressed (P = .05). In 2014 (experiment 2), eight of the same 12 mares were used in a similar experiment to determine if the rise in PRL observed in experiment 1 was due to refractoriness to cabergoline or perhaps another factor. Treatment began on April 6, 2014, corresponding to the increase in PRL in treated mares in experiment 1. Mares were treated with cabergoline or vehicle until June 5. Prolactin was suppressed (P < .05) by cabergoline, and the pattern of apparent escape from suppression was similar to year 1. We conclude that (1) cabergoline at this dose alters hair shedding but does not alter the time of first ovulation in mares and (2) relative to our previous reports of cabergoline treatment in the fall, there is a seasonal effect on the ability of this dose of cabergoline to suppress unstimulated PRL secretion. 相似文献
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AIMS: To determine the effects of the intra-articular injection of surface-active phospholipid in a propylene glycol carrier on synovial fluid composition and joint function of horses, and to compare these effects with those observed after the intra-articular administration of prilocaine, hyaluronan and propylene glycol alone. METHODS: Twenty-four horses were randomly allocated to four treatment groups: Group 1 100 mg of surface-active phospholipid in 1 ml of propylene glycol; Group 2 1 ml of propylene glycol; Group 3 10 ml of prilocaine; Group 4 2 ml of hyaluronan. Left radiocarpal joints were injected with the treatments and the right radiocarpal joints were injected with volume-matched saline as controls. Examinations for lameness, arthrocenteses and synovial fluid analyses were performed before and at 1, 3 and 7 days after injection. RESULTS: No horses became lame but treated joints temporarily developed mild to moderate effusions. Synovial fluid analyses indicated significantly greater inflammation in treated compared to control joints and this difference was greatest 24 hours after injection. There were no differences between the four treatments based on synovial fluid analysis except for neutrophil counts and alkaline phosphatase activities, which were significantly higher in prilocaine-treated joints. CONCLUSION: In horses, the intra-articular injection of surface-active phospholipid in a propylene glycol carrier induces clinically insignificant, temporary abnormalities in synovial fluid. Surface-active phospholipid was no more injurious to the synovium than prilocaine or hyaluronan. None of the agents used in this experiment caused lameness when injected into the joints of horses. RELEVANCE: This dose and formulation appear suitable for use in future experiments investigating the efficacy of surface-active phospholipid in the treatment or prevention of osteoarthritis in horses. 相似文献
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试验旨在研究蒲鹿乳炎散水煎醇沉液的抗炎镇痛作用,为后期临床开发提供依据。采用二甲苯致小鼠耳廓肿胀、醋酸致小鼠腹腔毛细血管通透性增加、角叉菜胶致小鼠足趾肿胀法来研究其抗炎作用;采用福尔马林和热板仪致痛法来研究其镇痛作用。各试验均将小鼠随机分为5组,每组10只,雌雄各半,分别是阴性对照组、蒲鹿乳炎散低、中、高剂量组、阿司匹林阳性对照组（阿司匹林组）。蒲鹿乳炎散低、中、高剂量组及阿司匹林组分别每日以含生药20、30、40及0.15 mg/g的剂量灌胃给药1次,阴性对照组灌胃给予同等容积的生理盐水,均连续灌胃给药7 d,后续按照不同试验具体操作。小鼠耳廓肿胀试验结果显示,各用药组与阴性对照组相比,均可极显著降低二甲苯导致的小鼠耳廓肿胀（P<0.01）;与阿司匹林组相比,蒲鹿乳炎散中、高剂量组差异不显著（P>0.05）。醋酸致腹腔毛细血管通透性增高试验结果显示,与阴性对照组相比,各用药组对醋酸导致的通透性增高均具有极显著抑制作用（P<0.01）;与阿司匹林组相比,蒲鹿乳炎散低、中剂量组均差异极显著（P<0.01）,而高剂量组差异不显著（P>0.05）。角叉菜胶所致足趾肿胀试验结果显示,各用药组与阴性对照组相比,均具有不同程度的肿胀抑制作用（P<0.01）;与阿司匹林组相比,蒲鹿乳炎散低剂量组差异极显著（P<0.01）,但中、高剂量组差异均不显著（P>0.05）。福尔马林致痛试验结果显示,在Ⅰ相时间段内,各用药组与阴性对照组相比,均极显著减少小鼠舔足次数（P<0.01）;在Ⅱ相时间段内,各组两两之间差异均显著或极显著（P<0.05;P<0.01）。热板仪致痛试验结果显示,给药后各个时间,各用药组与阴性对照组相比,均能显著延长痛阈值（P<0.01）;与阿司匹林组相比,蒲鹿乳炎散高剂量组减小疼痛阈值的效果极显著强于阿司匹林组（P<0.01）,低、中剂量组的效果极显著弱于阿司匹林组（P<0.01）。本试验结果表明,蒲鹿乳炎散水煎醇沉液对小鼠具有良好的抗炎镇痛作用。 相似文献