共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 171 毫秒
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木霉-植物互作机制的研究进展 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
木霉作为是一种重要的生防制剂已经成为化学农药替代化和减量化的主要产品,也是公认的最有前防治病害的目的。随着木霉-植物互作研究的深入,关于互作机制方面的研究已取得了明显的进展。木霉与植物的互作过程包括木霉对植物的感知、木霉在植物体表和体内的定殖并引起植物的一系列变化等复杂的过程,本文重点对木霉-植物互作过程中木霉在植物中的定殖、木霉和植物的生理生化变化以及激素信号传递模式进行综述,以明确木霉促进植物生长和防治植物病害的机理,明确木霉与植物的互作机制对进一步提高木霉的生防效果、扩大木霉的应用具有重要的意义。 相似文献
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为评价复合木霉制剂对黄连根腐病的防治效果, 并揭示其防病机理, 为黄连根腐病专用微生物农药的研发奠定基础, 本试验将深绿木霉Trichoderma atroviride、长枝木霉T. longibrachiatum、钩状木霉T. hamatum、拟康宁木霉T. koningiopsis等4种木霉配制的复合制剂和尖镰孢Fusarium oxysporum以不同的方式分别施用于黄连, 统计根腐病发生情况, 检测黄连根部防御酶活性, 用高通量测序分析根际土壤真菌群落结构。结果表明, 复合木霉制剂对尖镰孢导致的根腐病具有明显预防效果;复合木霉制剂和尖镰孢分别接种黄连可提高SOD、POD、CAT、PAL、PPO等防御性酶活性, 产生诱导抗性;而它们先后接种黄连可产生强化效应, 从另一个途径提高植株抗病性。复合木霉制剂和尖镰孢都会降低真菌的数量、多样性, 和某些真菌的相对丰度, 而复合木霉制剂的抑菌作用更强烈, 尤其能明显抑制尖镰孢、Ilyonectria sp.等病原真菌的生长, 且能改善土壤真菌群落结构。木霉和尖镰孢都能在土壤中较长期定殖。可见, 复合木霉制剂可以预防尖镰孢导致的黄连根腐病, 防病机理包括诱导黄连植株产生抗性, 接种后再遭受病原菌侵染产生的强化效应, 优化土壤真菌群落结构, 抑制土壤中病原菌等, 且有效期较长。因此复合木霉制剂具有开发为微生物农药防治黄连根腐病的潜力。 相似文献
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利用qPCR检测木霉融合子Tpf-2在番茄根际土中的定殖,并采用生理生化法测定Tpf-2对番茄叶片中相关防御酶活性的影响。结果表明,在整个番茄生育期内(0~150d),Tpf-2均可在番茄根际土中定殖,相对定殖数量随时间的延长呈下降趋势,同时接种木霉和瓜果腐霉处理组中Tpf-2相对定殖数量高于同期无病原菌处理组。不同处理组番茄叶片中的超氧化物歧化酶SOD、过氧化物酶POD及过氧化氢酶CAT的活性不同,同时接种木霉和瓜果腐霉处理组中上述3种酶活性增加显著,与只接种瓜果腐霉处理组间存在极显著性差异(P0.01)。综上可见,木霉融合子Tpf-2的厚垣孢子定殖周期长,定殖后可诱导番茄叶片中相关防御酶活性的提高,本研究为揭示其生防机理及菌株应用提供了科学依据。 相似文献
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哈茨木霉强根际定殖能力菌株的筛选 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
用紫外线诱变哈茨木霉野生型菌株,经含多菌灵PDA培养基耐药性筛选,获得了耐药性菌株。用根际土壤木霉种群密度比较法对筛选的耐药性菌株和野生菌株进行根际定殖能力的比较测定,结果表明筛选的哈茨木霉耐药性菌株提高了根际定殖能力。在基本培养基上生长测定表明,由多菌灵诱变的耐药性菌株为营养缺陷型的突变体,对根际分泌物具有亲和性,只有聚居在植物根上才能生长得好。 相似文献
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陈捷 《中国生物防治学报》2015,31(5):733-741
木霉菌是广泛应用于植物病害生物防治的微生物,具有多重植物病害生物防治机制,其中关于诱导抗性的研究取得明显进展。木霉菌能产生20余种微生物相关分子模式/损伤相关分子模式(MAMPs/DAMPs)分子,植物根系有相对应的大约30种受体或响应基因。木霉菌通过定殖植物根系使MAMPs/DAMPs与植物根系受体或响应基因互作,触发水杨酸、苿莉酸/乙烯等防御反应信号长距离传导至植物叶片,诱导植物叶片防御反应基因表达。将木霉菌诱导的植物转录组、蛋白质组、代谢组变化的信息相结合,能全面反映木霉菌?植物有益互作所激发的诱导抗病性的分子机理。 相似文献
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一株具有诱导抗性木霉菌株的筛选及其对黄瓜灰霉病诱导抗性的初步研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
从植物根部土壤中分离到一株能够诱导黄瓜产生系统抗性的木霉Tr-92,通过形态观察和18SrDNA序列分析对其进行了分类学鉴定,并进行了诱导黄瓜产生系统抗性能力的初步研究.结果表明,菌株Tr-92的菌落形态和显微形态与木霉一致,18SrDNA序列与哈茨木霉的相似性为99％,初步鉴定为哈茨木霉.利用该菌株孢子悬浮液对5叶期黄瓜苗进行根部诱导接种,24 h后灰霉病菌挑战接种,对灰霉病的防效达56％,叶片中抗性相关酶过氧化物酶、多酚氧化酶、β-1,3葡聚糖酶、苯丙氨酸解氨酶、几丁质酶的酶活性显著上升.表明该菌在黄瓜根部灌施可以诱导叶部系统抗性相关酶的活性升高,可为植物病害的生物防治提供适宜的菌种资源. 相似文献
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印度梨形孢是一种可进行纯培养的类菌根真菌,该菌以菌丝体、菌丝卷、分枝或者圆形体的方式定殖于寄主植物根的胞间和胞内。已有研究表明:该菌能促进12科24种植物的生长,并能诱导植物产生系统抗性和提高对逆境胁迫的忍耐性,加快插枝侧根的形成和促进微繁殖植物的硬化。该菌在根分化区定殖的量高于根尖片断的量,在该菌与植物根部早期的识别过程中,涉及多种蛋白,但这些蛋白与真菌的作用方式并不清楚。另外,该菌在寄主植物上的成功生长涉及到了寄主细胞的死亡,但并未引起植物的逆境,而是在根的生长与真菌的繁殖之间达到了很好的平衡。 相似文献
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寡雄腐霉Pythium oligandrum作为一种重要的土传病害生防因子越来越受到关注,它能在多种重要农作物根围定殖,对20多种病原真菌或其它卵菌具有拮抗或寄生作用,并能诱导植物产生防卫反应.寡雄腐霉产生的拟激发素寡雄蛋白诱导番茄系统获得抗性,抵抗寄生疫霉Phytophthora parasitica和尖孢镰刀菌羽扇豆-番茄枯萎病菌Fusarium oxysporum f.sp.radicis-lycopersici侵入,显著降低病害的发生率.作者对寡雄腐霉的分离与鉴定、寄主种类、寄生作用、抗生作用和拟激发素寡雄蛋白诱导番茄系统获得抗性等方面的研究进行了综述. 相似文献
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红树内生细菌RS261防治辣椒疫病机理的初步研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
本研究从菌株内生定殖、促生、抑制和诱导防御酶活性4方面探讨了红树内生细菌RS261菌株防治辣椒疫病的机理。结果表明,该菌株能进入辣椒等多种陆生植物体内定殖,在辣椒体内的定殖时间达26d以上,且对辣椒生长表现有明显的促进作用;抑制作用测定发现,RS261能够分泌产生抗菌物质抑制辣椒疫霉菌丝的生长和游动孢子囊的形成;辣椒体内丙二醛(MDA)含量及防御性酶活测定结果显示,经过RS261培养液处理后,辣椒苗体内丙二醛(MDA)含量和超氧化歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)以及过氧化氢酶(CAT)的活性等均较仅接种疫霉病菌的处理低,但可显著诱导辣椒体内苯丙氨酸解氨酶(PAL)的活性。 相似文献
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ABSTRACT Trichoderma-based biofungicides are a reality in agriculture, with more than 50 formulations today available as registered products worldwide. Several strategies have been applied to identify the main genes and compounds involved in this complex, three-way cross-talk between the fungal antagonist, the plant, and microbial pathogens. Proteome and genome analysis have greatly enhanced our ability to conduct holistic and genome-based functional studies. We have identified and determined the role of a variety of novel genes and gene-products, including ABC transporters, enzymes and other proteins that produce or act as novel elicitors of induced resistance, proteins responsible for a gene-for-gene avirulent interaction between Trichoderma spp. and plants, mycoparasitism-related inducers, plant proteins specifically induced by Trichoderma, etc. We have transgenically demonstrated the ability of Trichoderma spp. to transfer heterologous proteins into plant during root colonization, and have used green fluorescent protein and other markers to study the interaction in vivo and in situ between Trichoderma spp. and the fungal pathogen or the plant. 相似文献
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Hideo Nakashita 《Journal of Pesticide Science》2021,46(4):393
Some agrochemicals have unique activities on plant, which modes of actions differ from those of herbicides and plant growth regulators. Because these induce useful and important phenotypic characteristics by activating physiological mechanisms in plant cell, understanding the underlying mechanism of their activities should be crucial for plant physiology and agriculture. As examples of such agrochemicals, studies on agrochemicals that activate the plant immune systems or root elongation, are described. Plant activators, inducers of systemic acquired resistance, were divided into two types, acting on upstream and downstream of salicylic acid (SA) biosynthesis, respectively. They have been useful research tools to clarify the regulation mechanism of SA-mediated disease resistance and to investigate another type of disease resistance mechanism mediated by brassinosteroids. By analyzing the roles of phytohormones in the isoprothiolane-induced root elongation indicated a positive effect of jasmonic acid and ethylene on primary root elongation. These types of research, categorized to one of chemical biology, would provide novel insight into plant physiology, which also contribute to control of crops. 相似文献
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ABSTRACT Several factors affect the ability of Trichoderma spp. to provide systemic disease control. This paper focuses on the role of the substrate in which plants are grown, resistance of the host to disease, and the ability of introduced Trichoderma inoculum to spread under commercial conditions. Several reports reveal that foliar disease control provided by Trichoderma spp. is more effective on plants grown in compost-amended media compared with in lower-in-microbial-carrying-capacity sphagnum peat media. In Rhododendron spp., host resistance affects control of Phytophthora dieback provided by Trichoderma spp. For example, T. hamatum 382 (T382) significantly (P = 0.05) suppressed the disease on susceptible cv. Roseum Elegans while plant vigor was increased. The disease was not suppressed, however, on highly susceptible cvs. Aglo and PJM Elite even though the vigor of these plants was increased. Using a strain-specific polymerase chain reaction assay under commercial conditions, it was demonstrated that introduced inoculum of T382 did not spread frequently from inoculated to control compost-amended media. Other Trichoderma isolates typically are abundant in control media within days after potting unless inoculated with a specific Trichoderma isolate. Thus, the low population of isolates that can induce systemic resistance in composting and potting mix environments may explain why most compost-amended substrates do not naturally suppress foliar diseases. 相似文献
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木霉菌生物防治作用机理与应用研究进展 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
木霉菌Trichoderma是国际上应用非常普遍的生防真菌.随着植物免疫的MAMPs(微生物互作分子模式)理论的发展,利用木霉菌防治病害和提高作物抗逆性机理研究进入了一个新阶段,尤其是系统生物学方法的应用,使得人们在"组学"尺度上认识木霉菌与植物和病原菌互作的本质成为可能,这将极大丰富木霉菌生物防治植物病害的理论基础.在我国建立木霉菌多样化应用技术途径是发挥木霉菌在农业可持续发展中作用的重要发展方向.本文重点介绍木霉菌生物防治分子机理研究的新进展. 相似文献
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In vitro culture of Orobanche ramosa 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
Orobanche spp. (broomrapes) are holoparasites that subsist on the roots of many important crops and can considerably reduce yield. The control of Orobanche spp. includes physical, chemical and biological methods. Interactions between parasitic angiosperms and their hosts first occur at the level of parasite seed germination. The seeds of all Orobanchaceae germinate in soil under natural conditions only in response to specific chemical exudates from the host plant. This study describes the influence of different plant growth regulators and host plant root exudates on germination and development of calli from Orobanche seeds in vitro . The effect of indole-3-acetic acid, gibberellic acid and kinetin on the germination of Orobanche seeds varied with concentration. These plant growth regulators also affected the period of germination and the structure of calli and protrusions. An in vitro system for the collection of tobacco root exudates was established. Compounds released from the host roots of three different tobacco cultivars were found to provoke high levels of germination of the Orobanche seeds without any period of pre-conditioning. This study developed methods for the investigation of host–parasite interactions and the effect of germination stimulants in Orobanche spp. 相似文献
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Induced systemic resistance in Trichoderma harzianum T39 biocontrol of Botrytis cinerea 总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11
Geert De Meyer Joseph Bigirimana Yigal Elad Monica Höfte 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》1998,104(3):279-286
Biocontrol of Botrytis cinerea with Trichoderma spp. is generally believed to result from direct interaction of the biocontrol agent with the pathogen or from a Trichoderma-induced change in environmental conditions that affects B. cinerea development. In this work we provide arguments for the participation of induced plant defence in T. harzianum T39 control of B. cinerea. In tomato, lettuce, pepper, bean and tobacco, T. harzianum T39 application at sites spatially separated from the B. cinerea inoculation resulted in a 25–100%percnt; reduction of grey mould symptoms, caused by a delay or suppression of spreading lesion formation. Given the spatial separation of both micro-organisms, this effect was attributed to the induction of systemic resistance by T. harzianum T39. The observation that in bean the effect of T. harzianum T39 was similar to that of the rhizobacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa KMPCH, a reference strain for the induction of systemic resistance, confirmed this hypothesis. Since B. cinerea control on tobacco leaves sprayed with T. harzianum T39 was similar to the control on leaves from T. harzianum T39 soil-treated plants, induction of plant defence might also participate in biocontrol on treated leaves. 相似文献
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本文研究了生物拮抗菌Trichoderma harzianum(T22)处理对玉米(Mo17)实生苗生长的影响,以及对病原菌Colletrichonum graminicola的抗病性。试验结果表明:用拮抗菌T.harzianum处理后能明显地提高玉米苗根系发育和叶片生长,显著的诱导玉米叶片和根系中防御相关的酶活性和蛋白含量。用病原菌C.graminicola接种玉米叶片后观测发现,处理的实生苗叶片上病斑直径明显小于不处理的对照。尽管拮抗菌T.harzianum诱导植物抗病性的作用已被证实,但该研究更进一步揭示了T.harzianum处理玉米种子后植株的抗性应答与促进实生苗根系发育和叶片生长,以及诱导抗性相关的酶。 相似文献