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1.
Canola cultivars positively responded to sulphur fertilization in term of seed yield and oil quality. Oscar cultivar increased seed yield 53% as compared to control plots. Sulphur @ 45 kg ha–1 increased seed yield, biological yield, and quality of rapeseed. Number of days to flowering (76), number of pods plant–1 (372), number of seeds pod–1 (24), plant height (173 cm), biological yield (15547 kg ha–1), seed yield (2209 kg ha–1), harvest index (19%), glucosinolate (μmol g–1) content (31.03 μmol g–1) and oil content (45.81%) was enhanced significantly with sulphur treated @ 45 kg ha–1 applied plots as compared to delayed flowering (78 days), shortest plant (151 cm), pods formation (298 pods), seed pod–1 (21), biological yield (11090 kg ha–1), seed yield (1436 kg ha–1), and oil content (42.62%) in control plots. Among cultivars “Oscar” ranked first in different growth stages and attain more plant height (164 cm), and examined substantial number of pods plant–1 (359), seeds pod–1 (24), seed yield (2005 kg ha–1), biological yield (14298 kg ha–1), harvest index 17%, and oil content (46.29%) as compared to other sowed cultivars. On the basis of the result it is recommended that cultivar “Oscar” treated with sulphur @ 45 kg ha–1 should be applied for higher yield and quality of rapeseed under the agro-climatic condition of swat valley. 相似文献
2.
为了解盐碱地油用向日葵(油葵)施硒效应,通过大田试验研究外源硒对盐碱地油葵(矮大头567DW和美国超级矮大盘)含油率及脂肪酸含量的影响。结果表明:土施硒肥对矮大头567DW籽仁亚油酸、油酸、廿碳烯酸和棕榈酸含量无明显影响,硒肥用量200~300g/hm2时显著提高籽仁含油率,降低籽仁芥酸含量;400g/hm2时增加籽仁饱和脂肪酸硬脂酸、山嵛酸和廿碳烷酸含量;土施硒肥对美国超级矮大盘的籽仁含油率、亚油酸、油酸、廿碳烯酸、芥酸、棕榈酸、硬脂酸和廿碳烷酸含量无明显影响,硒肥用量400g/hm2时提高山嵛酸含量。叶面喷施硒肥条件下,矮大头567DW籽仁亚油酸、油酸、廿碳烯酸、硬脂酸、山嵛酸和廿碳烷酸均无明显影响,叶面喷施60g/hm2硒肥时增加籽仁芥酸、棕榈酸含量,降低籽仁含油率;叶面喷施硒肥对美国超级矮大盘的籽仁含油率、亚油酸、油酸、棕榈酸、硬脂酸、山嵛酸和廿碳烷酸均无明显影响,叶面喷施60g/hm2硒肥显著提高其籽仁芥酸含量。综合考虑2个品种的含油率和脂肪酸变化,在盐碱地油葵栽培中,土施200~300g/hm2或叶面喷施20~40g/hm2硒肥对提高矮大头567DW和美国超级矮大盘籽仁含油率和脂肪酸效果较佳。 相似文献
3.
亚麻籽粒中主要脂肪酸积累过程研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以陇亚7号、82(50)、匈牙利3号和范昵为材料,对不同品种(系)和同一品种(系)的不同部位亚麻籽粒中主要脂肪酸的积累过程进行了研究,结果表明:不同品种(系)亚麻籽粒中脂肪酸以亚麻酸含量最高,其次是油酸、亚油酸和硬脂酸,棕榈酸含量最低。棕榈酸和亚油酸在籽粒发育成熟的初期积累速度较快,含量较高,但随着籽粒逐渐发育成熟而下降,硬酯酸也随着籽粒逐渐发育成熟而下降,但下降幅度较小。油酸和亚麻酸随着籽粒发育成熟其含量递增,但油酸含量增加幅度较小。同一品种(系)的籽粒完全成熟时,开花晚的籽粒油酸含量较低,亚麻酸含量较高。 相似文献
4.
为深入了解油用亚麻主要品质和农艺性状的遗传变异,以253份油用亚麻种质为研究对象,在3个环境下（内蒙古呼和浩特市、集宁市和锡林郭勒盟太仆寺旗）对其全生育天数、株高、工艺长度、单株果数、每果粒数、单株粒重、千粒重和分枝数8个农艺性状及棕榈酸、硬脂酸、油酸、亚油酸、亚麻酸、粗脂肪含量6个品质性状进行鉴定。结果表明,8个农艺性状的变异系数为5.66%~42.65%;6个品质性状的变异系数为4.10%~30.14%。全生育天数在太仆寺旗表现最长,为112.51 d;千粒重和单株粒重在集宁地区表现最大,分别为5.94和0.55 g;果粒数和单株果数在呼和浩特地区表现最多,分别为5.65和16.90;粗脂肪和亚麻酸含量在太仆寺旗地区表现最大,分别为39.53%和53.45%;亚油酸和棕榈酸含量在集宁地区最大,分别为16.41%和5.09%;油酸和硬脂酸含量在呼和浩特地区表现最大,分别为24.03%和8.31%。聚类分析表明,253份油用亚麻种质被划分为4个类群,相同地理来源的油用亚麻种质被聚到1个类群,为油用亚麻种质资源的收集保存与繁殖提供了科学依据。 相似文献
5.
The quality of oil determined by the constituents and proportion of fatty acid components, and the understanding of heredity
of fatty acid components are of importance to breeding good quality soybean varieties. Embryo, cytoplasmic and maternal effects
and genotype × environment interaction effects for quality traits of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill.] seeds were analyzed using a general genetic model for quantitative traits of seeds with parents, F1 and F2, of 20 crosses from a diallel mating design of five parents planted in the field in 2003 and 2004 in Harbin, China. The interaction
effects of palmitic, stearic, and linoleic acid contents were larger than the genetic main effects, while the genetic main
effects were equal to interaction effects for linolenic and oleic acid content. Among all kinds of genetic main effects, the
embryo effects were the largest for palmitic, stearic, and linoleic acids, while the cytoplasm effects were the largest for
oleic and linolenic acids. Among all kinds of interaction effects, the embryo interaction effects were the largest for fatty
acids. The sum of additive and additive × environment effects were larger than that of dominance and dominance × environment
effects for the linolenic acid content, but not for other quality traits. The general heritabilities were the main parts of
heritabilities for palmitic and oleic acid contents, but the interaction was more important for stearic, linoleic, and linolenic
acid contents. For the general heritability, maternal and cytoplasm heritabilities were the main components for palmitic,
oleic, and linolenic acid contents. It was shown for the interaction heritabilities that the embryo interaction heritabilities
were more important for oleic and linolenic acid contents, while the maternal interaction heritabilities were more important
for linoleic acid content. Among selection response components, the maternal and cytoplasm general responses and/or interaction
responses were more important for palmitic, stearic, oleic, and linoleic acid contents. The main selection response components
were from the embryo general response and/or interaction response for linolenic acid content. It suggested that the selection
of palmitic, stearic, oleic, and linoleic acid contents in offspring should be in maternal plants, while linolenic acid content
should be improved by screening or selecting the single seed in higher generations.
Translated from Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2006, 32(12): 1873–1877 [译自: 作物学报] 相似文献
6.
以5个沙棘(Hippopha觕rhamnoides L.)品种的果实为试材,建立气相色谱内标法测定沙棘果肉油和种子油主要脂肪酸成分的方法。果肉油和种子油采用氯仿-甲醇法提取,甲醇钠-甲醇法甲酯化衍生后进行定性和定量。结果表明,十九烷酸甲酯是气相色谱法测定沙棘果实中脂肪酸成分含量的理想内标物。果肉油和种子油中的主要脂肪酸为棕榈酸、棕榈油酸、硬脂酸、油酸、亚油酸和α-亚麻酸。果肉油中棕榈油酸(36.25%)和棕榈油酸(28.92%)含量高,α-亚麻酸含量低;种子油中亚油酸(33.65%)和α-亚麻酸(32.95%)含量高,棕榈油酸含量低。5个品种沙棘的果肉油和种子油中主要脂肪酸的组成及含量存在一定的差异。亚历山大12号果肉油中的脂肪酸含量最高,为84.84 g/100 g油;无刺丰种子油中的脂肪酸含量最高,为88.39 g/100 g油。该方法操作简便、快速、重复性好,适合沙棘油脂样品中脂肪酸的定量测定。 相似文献
7.
为了解广西核桃种仁含油率和脂肪酸组分含量差异，以巴马、凤山、天峨、南丹、乐业、田林、隆林等7个县份筛选的优树果实样品共计31个为研究对象，测定分析了果实含油率和脂肪酸组分含量。结果表明：种仁含油率为56.9%~65.1%，其中凤山004含油率最高，为65.1%，其次南丹004为64.1%，凤山002含油率最低。测定了广西不同产地核桃种仁的棕榈酸、硬脂酸、亚油酸、亚麻酸和油酸等5种脂肪酸组分，其中棕榈酸含量在4.09%~8.36%，硬脂酸10.57%~45.09%、亚油酸45.88%~77.26%、亚麻酸3.16~10.28%、油酸0.3%~2.44%。以果实含油率及脂肪酸组成来评价不同产地核桃，为核桃产地的地区品牌打造的依据。 相似文献
8.
Xiao-bao WEI Jing-qi XUE Shun-li WANG Yu-qian XUE Huan LIN Xing-feng SHAO Dong-hui XU Xiu-xin ZHANG 《农业科学学报》2018,17(8):1758-1767
Tree peony seeds are rich in α-linolenic acid(ALA), and the peony seed oil is now being produced in China. Paeonia ostii is the most widely used tree peony species for oil extraction, which is commercially called Fengdan and treated as a single cultivar. Here, 50 P. ostii individuals from the same population in northern China were randomly selected for fatty acids(FAs) analysis. Thirteen FAs were isolated, and the most abundant five were palmitic acid(5.31–6.99%), stearic acid(1.22–2.76%), oleic acid(18.78–28.15%), linoleic acid(11.86–26.10%), and ALA(41.11–57.51%). There were significant individual differences of plants in FA quality and quantity and the linoleic acid content in Plant No. 48 even exceeded the scope of 1–99%. Further statistical analysis indicated that most of the individual FAs, saturated FAs, unsaturated FAs, and total FAs levels showed significant positive correlations to each other, whereas the seed yield per plant was independent and not correlated to the factors mentioned above. Ward's hierarchical clustering results grouped the 50 plants into four clusters based on FA contents and seed yield, and the seven plants in Cluster IV were identified as good candidates for oil production. Our results confirmed that the individual differences did occur in P. ostii and Fengdan cannot be simply treated as one uniform cultivar. Also, these results may help simplify the selection of plants for oil peony breeding and accelerate the development of the oil peony industry. 相似文献
9.
[目的]探讨黄瓜种子脂肪酸含量、种类与耐低温性的关系。[方法]对15份不同来源的黄瓜材料进行白天12℃,晚上8℃的低温处理,每天光照7.5 h,处理14 d,对黄瓜的耐寒性进行分级,并计算耐寒指数,测定供试黄瓜种子的含油量、脂肪酸成分及含量。[结果]黄瓜种子的脂肪酸主要有棕榈酸(16∶0)、棕榈烯酸(16∶1)、硬脂酸(18∶0)、油酸(18∶1)、亚油酸(18∶2)和亚麻酸(18∶3),与其耐寒指数进行相关分析发现,耐寒指数与亚油酸、亚麻酸含量、种子含油量I、UFA(不饱和度)达显著正相关,与棕榈酸含量、棕榈烯酸含量、硬脂酸含量相关系数很小,各材料的油酸含量基本相同。[结论]黄瓜的亚油酸、亚麻酸、种子含油量I、UFA与黄瓜的耐低温性有密切的关系。 相似文献
10.
以10个不同品种薄壳山核桃Carya illinoensis为试材,采用气相色谱法,测定不同品种的薄壳山核桃的脂肪相对含量及脂肪酸组成成分。测定结果表明:核桃仁中的脂肪相对含量为69.11%～78.19%,出仁率为36.79%～59.47%,脂肪中不饱和脂肪酸＞90.00%,其中以油酸最高,其次是亚油酸、棕榈酸、硬脂酸、亚麻酸、花生酸,且油酸和亚油酸存在极显著负相关关系（P＜0.01）,不同品种的薄壳山核桃油脂肪酸组成相同,但脂肪酸相对含量有显著差异（P＜0.05）,其单不饱和脂肪酸（油酸）相对含量为73.01%～58.76%;多不饱和脂肪酸以亚油酸为主,相对含量为32.20%～19.69%,且出油率与出仁率呈极显著的正相关关系（P＜0.01）,同出籽率和果皮厚度没有明显的关系。图3 表3 参12 相似文献
11.
Shu-tian LI Yu DUAN Tian-wen GUO Ping-liang ZHANG Ping HE Kaushik Majumdar 《农业科学学报》2018,17(12):2802-2812
Field experiments were conducted in oil and edible sunflower to study the effects of potassium(K) fertilization on achene yield and quality, and to estimate the nutrient internal efficiency(IE) and nutrient requirement in sunflower production. All trials in edible sunflower and 75% trials in oil sunflower showed positive yield responses to K fertilization. Compared with control without K fertilization, the application of K increased achene yield by an average of 406 kg ha~(–1) for oil sunflower and 294 kg ha~(–1) for edible sunflower. K application also increased 1 000-achene weight and kernel rate of both oil and edible sunflower. K fertilization improved the contents of oil, oleic acid, linoleic acid and linolenic acid in achenes of oil sunflower, and increased contents of oil, total unsaturated fatty acid and protein in achenes of edible sunflower. The average agronomic efficiency of K fertilizer was 4.0 for oil sunflower and 3.0 kg achene kg~(–1) K_2O for edible sunflower. The average IE of N, P and K under balanced NPK fertilization was 22.9, 82.8, and 9.9 kg kg~(–1) for oil sunflower, and 27.3, 138.9, and 14.3 kg kg~(–1) for edible sunflower. These values were equivalent to 45.5, 14.1, and 108.1 kg, and 39.0, 8.0, and 71.7 kg of N, P and K, respectively, in above-ground dry matter required for production per ton of achenes. The average harvest index of N, P and K was 0.47, 0.56 and 0.05 kg kg~(–1) in oil sunflower, and 0.58, 0.58 and 0.14 kg kg~(–1) in edible sunflower. 相似文献
12.
酸枣仁保健食用油的开发研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
[目的]研究开发一种可食用的酸枣仁保健油。[方法]采用二氧化碳超临界萃取技术萃取酸枣仁油,然后通过分子蒸馏技术降低酸枣仁油的酸价与过氧化值,利用活性炭和白土的吸附特性进行脱色脱味处理。[结果]试验得到一种淡黄色澄清、味道浅的酸枣仁油,测得其酸价为2.03 mg/g,过氧化值为4 mmol/kg;气相色谱分析检测结果得出:棕榈酸含量5.00%,硬脂酸含量2.00%,油酸含量40.46%,亚油酸含量47.72%,亚麻酸含量0.39%。[结论]所得到的酸枣仁油基本上符合国家植物食用油卫生标准,可作为食用油使用,但其药理性质还需进一步研究。 相似文献
13.
低磷胁迫对甘蓝型油菜自然群体产量及品质的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
甘蓝型油菜作为重要的油料作物,对缺磷敏感。为了分析低磷胁迫对甘蓝型油菜自然品种产量及品质的影响,通过大田实验调查了187份甘蓝型油菜自然品种在正常磷和低磷胁迫条件下种子中9个品质性状及单株产量的变化。结果表明：①两处理条件下自然群体各性状变异范围差异较大,其中20碳烯酸、油酸和单株产量的变异系数较大。缺磷对群体产量的影响较大,而对品质性状的影响相对较小;②低磷胁迫不影响群体各品质性状间的相关性,但会显著降低含油量、蛋白质及水分含量与单株产量间的相关性;③低磷胁迫对品质性状的影响在品种间表现出不同的趋势。总体而言,含油量、水分、油酸和亚麻酸等受低磷胁迫影响的趋势不明显,75%以上品种的亚油酸和棕榈酸含量下降,60%以上品种的20碳烯酸和硬脂酸含量上升;④以磷正常和低磷条件下的含油量和单株产量为指标,挑选出6个耐低磷胁迫的优异种质。上述结果为深入开展低磷胁迫条件下油菜品质性状的基因型差异及遗传调控机制提供了基础。 相似文献
14.
15.
山核桃仁油中脂肪酸组成的分析及评价 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
[目的]分析山核桃仁油的脂肪酸组成,为其开发利用提供理论依据。[方法]以山核桃仁油、红松籽油、接骨木油和橄榄油为材料,利用GC/MS对各油脂肪酸组成进行比较,找出山核桃仁油的特色。[结果]共鉴定出山核桃仁油中的5中化合物,即亚油酸、油酸、亚麻酸、棕榈酸和硬脂酸,其含量分别为63.48%、19.90%、11.96%、3.31%和1.35%;山核桃仁油中n-6：n-3脂肪酸比例为5.31,与我国推荐的n-6∶n-3脂肪酸比例（4-5）∶1非常接近;山核桃仁油中饱和脂肪酸：单不饱和脂肪酸：多不饱和脂肪酸为1∶4.3∶16,多不饱和脂肪酸含量偏高,但多不饱和脂肪酸主要包括亚油酸和a-亚麻酸,均为人体必须脂肪酸。[结论]山核桃仁油中不饱和脂肪酸含量较高,n-6∶n-3脂肪酸比例合理,具有很高的开发价值。 相似文献
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甘蓝型优质杂交油菜产量与品质性状的相关分析（英文） 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
[目的]为了探明油菜产量与其品质性状的关系。[方法]以三北98和油研599为材料,采用正交旋转设计研究甘蓝型优质杂交油菜产量与品质性状的相关。[结果]结果表明：①三北98和油研599油菜品种产量对品质性状的影响均以芥酸含量的变异系数最大,但两个品种的芥酸含量均低于2%,且三北98为0.90%,油研599为1.24%;棕榈酸含量的变异系数最小。②不同产量水平下各品质性状的差异,三北98以廿碳烯酸的含量存在显著差异,油研599仅有种子蛋白质的含量存在极显著差异,而两个油菜品种各品质组合性状间均无显著差异。③产量与品质性状的相关,芥酸、含油率与产量呈负相关,种子蛋白质、亚油酸、亚麻酸含量与产量呈正相关,且硫苷、棕榈酸、硬脂酸、廿碳烯酸与产量的相关系数较小,饱和脂肪酸、脂蛋总量、不饱和指数、不饱和脂肪酸、18碳脂肪酸总量、不饱和脂肪酸总量与芥酸链脂肪酸总量之比、油酸与亚油酸之和与产量呈正相关,芥酸链脂肪酸总量与产量呈负相关。④同一品种产量大幅度增加时,芥酸和含油量、芥酸链脂肪酸总量呈降低趋势,而种子蛋白质、亚油酸、亚麻酸、饱和脂肪酸、脂蛋总量、不饱和指数、不饱和脂肪酸总量、18碳脂肪酸总量、不饱和脂肪酸总量与芥酸链脂肪酸总量之比、油酸与亚油酸之和呈升高趋势。⑤种子蛋白质含量增加,饼粕品质变优;不饱和指数增加,油的稳定性降低;不饱和脂肪酸总量、油酸与亚油酸之和总量增加,有利于人体吸收利用的脂肪酸总量增加。[结论]为优质杂交油菜的高产保优栽培提供了理论依据。 相似文献
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Irshad Ahmad Bashir Ahmad Shahzad Ali Han Qing Fang Tiening Liu Muhammad Kamran Yang Wu Mati Ur Rahman Shah Faisal 《Russian Agricultural Sciences》2016,42(3-4):218-223
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of organic and inorganic fertilizers on yield and quality of sugar beet genotypes (Beta vulgaris L.). Therefore a field trial was carried out at New Developmental Farm of The University Agriculture, Peshawar, Pakistan during winter 2012–13. The field experiment was layout in randomized complete block design with split plot arrangement having three replications. Fertilizers treatments (control, higo organic plus (composted manure, it contains N 2%, P 3%, K 3%, organic matter 40%, organic carbon 11%, Zn 145 mg kg–1, Cu 56 mg kg–1, Fe 380 mg kg–1 and Mg 228 mg kg–1), maxicrop sea gold (extract of sea weeds i.e., Sargasssum, Laminara Polysaccharide and Ascophyllum Nodosum), farm yard manure, NP (90: 60 kg ha–1), NP (120: 90 kg ha–1) and NP (150: 120 kg ha–1) were allotted to main plots while genotypes (Sandrina, Serenada and Kawe Terma) to the sub plots. Farm yard manure (10 t ha–1) and higo organic Plus (5 t ha–1) was incorporated in the soil before seed bed preparation. Maxicrop sea gold (5 lit ha–1) was sprayed after the emergence of the crop. All phosphorus was applied @ of 60, 90 and 120 kg ha–1 at the time of sowing while nitrogen @ of 90, 120 and 150 kg ha–1 in two splits/3 of the dose was applied at the time of sowing while the remaing 1/3 of the dose was applied before earthen up. Plots treated with application of NP ratio 120: 90 kg ha–1 produced maximum beet yield (76.4 t ha–1), sugar yield (11.1 t ha–1), Pol (polarizable sugar) percentage (14.67%) and more economic return (Rs.234 Thousand ha–1) as compared to control plots. Sugar beet genotype Serenada had significantly produced maximum beet yield (55.5 t ha–1), sugar yield (7.9 t ha–1), pol (polarizable sugar) percentage (14.60%), brix percentage (14.60%) and more economic return (158) as compared to other genotypes. It was concluded from the above results that sugar beet genotype Serenada treated with NP ratio 120: 90 kg ha–1 for improved sugar beet productivity and quality therefore it is recommended for general practice in agro-climatic conditions of Peshawar valley. 相似文献
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Effects of different agricultural treatments on narrowing winter wheat yield gap and nitrogen use efficiency in China 
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下载免费PDF全文 Under the limited cultivated land area and the pursuit of sustainable agricultural development,it is essential for the safety of grain production to study agricultural management approaches on narrowing the winter wheat yield gap and improving nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) in China.In this study,DSSAT-CERES-Wheat Model is used to simulate winter wheat yield under different agricultural treatments,and we analyze yield gaps and NUE with different management scenarios at regional scales and evaluate the suitable approaches for reducing yield gap and increasing NUE.The results show that,the potential of narrowing yield gap ranges 300–900 kg ha~(–1) with soil nutrients increase,400–1 200 kg ha~(–1) with sowing date adjustment and 0–400 kg ha~(–1) with planting density increase as well as 700–2 200 kg ha~(–1) with adding nitrogen fertilizer.Contribution rates of management measures of soil nutrients,sowing date adjusting,planting density,and nitrogen fertilizers are 5–15%,5–15%,0–4%,and 10–20%,respectively.Difference in nitrogen partial productivity ranges 3–10 kg kg~(–1) for soil nutrients,1–10 kg kg~(–1) for sowing date adjusting,1–5 kg kg~(–1) for planting density increase,and–12–0 kg kg~(–1) for adding nitrogen fertilizers,respectively.It indicates that four treatments can narrow yield gap and improve the NUE in varying degrees,but increasing nitrogen fertilizer leads to the decrease of NUE. 相似文献
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采用超临界CO2萃取法提取葡萄籽油,用气相色谱法对其成分进行分析。结果表明,最佳萃取条件是:萃取压力30MPa、温度40℃、时间90min,在此条件下萃取率可达89.4%。葡萄籽油中不饱和脂肪酸含量较高,占88.3%,含亚油酸69.9%,油酸18.4%;饱和脂肪酸主要为硬脂酸和棕榈酸,相对含量分别为3.6%、8.1%。 相似文献