共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 515 毫秒
1.
Life originated, according to the RNA World hypothesis, from self-replicating ribozymes that catalyzed ligation of RNA fragments. We have solved the 2.6 angstrom crystal structure of a ligase ribozyme that catalyzes regiospecific formation of a 5' to 3' phosphodiester bond between the 5'-triphosphate and the 3'-hydroxyl termini of two RNA fragments. Invariant residues form tertiary contacts that stabilize a flexible stem of the ribozyme at the ligation site, where an essential magnesium ion coordinates three phosphates. The structure of the active site permits us to suggest how transition-state stabilization and a general base may catalyze the ligation reaction required for prebiotic RNA assembly. 相似文献
2.
Ribozymes as potential anti-HIV-1 therapeutic agents 总被引：87，自引：0，他引：87
N Sarver E M Cantin P S Chang J A Zaia P A Ladne D A Stephens J J Rossi 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1990,247(4947):1222-1225
3.
为了建立传染性法氏囊病病毒反向遗传系统,应用PCR法在鸡传染性法氏囊病病毒基因组A、B两节段的5'末端和3'末端分别引入T7启动子和核酶HDV序列,然后分别将含有T7启动子和核酶HDV序列的A、B节段构建到载体PT-Pluc当中,构建感染性载体PT-mA和PT-mB.在脂质体介导下将PT-mA和PT-mB共转染经痘病毒vTF7-3(含T7 RNA聚合酶基因,能稳定表达T7 RNA聚合酶)预先感染1 h的vero细胞.细胞病变观测、间接免疫荧光试验、电镜观察和分子标记检测证实成功实现了鸡传染性法氏囊病病毒的遗传拯救. 相似文献
4.
5.
Zhuang X Bartley LE Babcock HP Russell R Ha T Herschlag D Chu S 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2000,288(5473):2048-2051
Using fluorescence microscopy, we studied the catalysis by and folding of individual Tetrahymena thermophila ribozyme molecules. The dye-labeled and surface-immobilized ribozymes used were shown to be functionally indistinguishable from the unmodified free ribozyme in solution. A reversible local folding step in which a duplex docks and undocks from the ribozyme core was observed directly in single-molecule time trajectories, allowing the determination of the rate constants and characterization of the transition state. A rarely populated docked state, not measurable by ensemble methods, was observed. In the overall folding process, intermediate folding states and multiple folding pathways were observed. In addition to observing previously established folding pathways, a pathway with an observed folding rate constant of 1 per second was discovered. These results establish single-molecule fluorescence as a powerful tool for examining RNA folding. 相似文献
6.
Rupert PB Massey AP Sigurdsson ST Ferré-D'Amaré AR 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2002,298(5597):1421-1424
The hairpin ribozyme catalyzes sequence-specific cleavage of RNA through transesterification of the scissile phosphate. Vanadate has previously been used as a transition state mimic of protein enzymes that catalyze the same reaction. Comparison of the 2.2 angstrom resolution structure of a vanadate-hairpin ribozyme complex with structures of precursor and product complexes reveals a rigid active site that makes more hydrogen bonds to the transition state than to the precursor or product. Because of the paucity of RNA functional groups capable of general acid-base or electrostatic catalysis, transition state stabilization is likely to be an important catalytic strategy for ribozymes. 相似文献
7.
We describe a single RNA sequence that can assume either of two ribozyme folds and catalyze the two respective reactions. The two ribozyme folds share no evolutionary history and are completely different, with no base pairs (and probably no hydrogen bonds) in common. Minor variants of this sequence are highly active for one or the other reaction, and can be accessed from prototype ribozymes through a series of neutral mutations. Thus, in the course of evolution, new RNA folds could arise from preexisting folds, without the need to carry inactive intermediate sequences. This raises the possibility that biological RNAs having no structural or functional similarity might share a common ancestry. Furthermore, functional and structural divergence might, in some cases, precede rather than follow gene duplication. 相似文献
8.
9.
[目的]利用核酶自我剪切功能使PRRSV的基因组获得1个精确的基因组3′末端,提高全长感染性cDNA克隆的病毒拯救效率。[方法]用3步PCR方法将获得含有丁型肝炎病毒核酶序列的片段并将其克隆到PRRSV全长cDNA克隆pAPRRS的poly（A）下游,再通过酶切,连接将牛生长激素多聚腺甘酸转录终止序列插入到核酶序列后,构建成全长感染性cDNA克隆pAPRRS-HB,新构建的克隆转染MARC-145细胞,72h后用间接免疫荧光检测病毒N蛋白和非结构蛋白2（nsp2）的表达,并检测细胞上清中病毒的滴度。[结果]成功构建了含有核酶序列的PRRSV基因组全长感染性cDNA克隆pAPRRS-HB。新构建的全长感染性cDNA克隆能够较好地拯救出病毒,拯救效率比pAPRRS提高10倍左右。[结论]该结果为研究PRRSV基因结构与功能奠定了基础。 相似文献
10.
[目的]利用核酶自我剪切功能使PRRSV的基因组获得1个精确的基因组3′末端,提高全长感染性cDNA克隆的病毒拯救效率。[方法]用3步PCR方法将获得含有丁型肝炎病毒核酶序列的片段并将其克隆到PRRSV全长cDNA克隆pAPRRS的poly（A）下游,再通过酶切,连接将牛生长激素多聚腺甘酸转录终止序列插入到核酶序列后,构建成全长感染性cDNA克隆pAPRRS-HB,新构建的克隆转染MARC-145细胞,72h后用间接免疫荧光检测病毒N蛋白和非结构蛋白2（nsp2）的表达,并用检测细胞上清中病毒的滴度。[结果]成功构建了含有核酶序列的PRRSV基因组全长感染性cDNA克隆pAPRRS-HB。新构建的全长感染性cDNA克隆能够较好地拯救出病毒,拯救效率比pAPRRS提高10倍左右。[结论]该结果为研究PRRSV基因结构与功能奠定了基础。 相似文献
11.
A critical event in the origin of life is thought to have been the emergence of an RNA molecule capable of replicating a primordial RNA "genome." Here we describe the evolution and engineering of an RNA polymerase ribozyme capable of synthesizing RNAs of up to 95 nucleotides in length. To overcome its sequence dependence, we recombined traits evolved separately in different ribozyme lineages. This yielded a more general polymerase ribozyme that was able to synthesize a wider spectrum of RNA sequences, as we demonstrate by the accurate synthesis of an enzymatically active RNA, a hammerhead endonuclease ribozyme. This recapitulates a central aspect of an RNA-based genetic system: the RNA-catalyzed synthesis of an active ribozyme from an RNA template. 相似文献
12.
Affinity chromatography of splicing complexes: U2, U5, and U4 + U6 small nuclear ribonucleoprotein particles in the spliceosome 总被引：69，自引：0，他引：69
The splicing process, which removes intervening sequences from messenger RNA (mRNA) precursors is essential to gene expression in eukaryotic cells. This site-specific process requires precise sequence recognition at the boundaries of an intervening sequence, but the mechanism of this recognition is not understood. The splicing of mRNA precursors occurs in a multicomponent complex termed the spliceosome. Such an assembly of components is likely to play a key role in specifying those sequences to be spliced. In order to analyze spliceosome structure, a stringent approach was developed to obtain splicing complexes free of cellular contaminants. This approach is a form of affinity chromatography based on the high specificity of the biotin-streptavidin interaction. A minimum of three subunits: U2, U5, and U4 + U6 small nuclear ribonucleoprotein particles were identified in the 35S spliceosome structure, which also contains the bipartite RNA intermediate of splicing. A 25S presplicing complex contained only the U2 particle. The multiple subunit structure of the spliceosome has implications for the regulation of a splicing event and for its possible catalysis by ribozyme or ribozymes. 相似文献
13.
RNA as an RNA polymerase: net elongation of an RNA primer catalyzed by the Tetrahymena ribozyme 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
A catalytic RNA (ribozyme) derived from an intervening sequence (IVS) RNA of Tetrahymena thermophila will catalyze an RNA polymerization reaction in which pentacytidylic acid (C5) is extended by the successive addition of mononucleotides derived from a guanylyl-(3',5')-nucleotide (GpN). Cytidines or uridines are added to C5 to generate chain lengths of 10 to 11 nucleotides, with longer products being generated at greatly reduced efficiency. The reaction is analogous to that catalyzed by a replicase with C5 acting as the primer, GpNs as the nucleoside triphosphates, and a sequence in the ribozyme providing a template. The demonstration that an RNA enzyme can catalyze net elongation of an RNA primer supports theories of prebiotic RNA self-replication. 相似文献
14.
酶是８０年代初期发现的具有自催化活性的ＲＮＡ片从核酸水平来破坏对人体不利的基因在人细胞内的表达,这是一种比较专一,且对人体危害相对较小的一种方式,经过改诉核酶不仅能起顺式作用,更重要的是也能以反式作用,这样就使得人们能够设计出针对ＲＮＡ的各种具有治疗作用的核酶,该文着重介绍具锤头型结构域和发夹型结构域的２类核酶的设计,及核酶作为治疗药物所要考虑的一些问题。 相似文献
15.
16.
The glmS ribozyme is the only natural catalytic RNA known to require a small-molecule activator for catalysis. This catalytic RNA functions as a riboswitch, with activator-dependent RNA cleavage regulating glmS messenger RNA expression. We report crystal structures of the glmS ribozyme in precleavage states that are unliganded or bound to the competitive inhibitor glucose-6-phosphate and in the postcleavage state. All structures superimpose closely, revealing a remarkably rigid RNA that contains a preformed active and coenzyme-binding site. Unlike other riboswitches, the glmS ribozyme binds its activator in an open, solvent-accessible pocket. Our structures suggest that the amine group of the glmS ribozyme-bound coenzyme performs general acid-base and electrostatic catalysis. 相似文献
17.
Large RNA molecules, such as ribozymes, fold with well-defined tertiary structures that are important for their activity. There are many instances of ribozymes with identical function but differences in their secondary structures, suggesting alternative tertiary folds. Here, we report a crystal structure of the 161-nucleotide specificity domain of an A-type ribonuclease P that differs in secondary and tertiary structure from the specificity domain of a B-type molecule. Despite the differences, the cores of the domains have similar three-dimensional structure. Remarkably, the similar geometry of the cores is stabilized by a different set of interactions involving distinct auxiliary elements. 相似文献
18.
19.
Cloned fragment of the hepatitis delta virus RNA genome: sequence and diagnostic application 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
K J Denniston B H Hoyer A Smedile F V Wells J Nelson J L Gerin 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1986,232(4752):873-875
Hepatitis delta virus (HDV) is a replication-defective etiological agent of hepatitis that requires hepatitis B virus (HBV) as a helper. A complementary DNA (cDNA) fragment of the RNA genome of HDV was cloned into the plasmid vector pBR322, and the primary nucleotide sequence and predicted protein products of the cDNA fragment were determined. This cloned cDNA fragment has been used as a sensitive radioactive probe for the detection of HDV RNA in the serum of patients with either acute or chronic HDV infections. 相似文献
20.
Evans PD Gilbert SL Mekel-Bobrov N Vallender EJ Anderson JR Vaez-Azizi LM Tishkoff SA Hudson RR Lahn BT 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2005,309(5741):1717-1720
The gene Microcephalin (MCPH1) regulates brain size and has evolved under strong positive selection in the human evolutionary lineage. We show that one genetic variant of Microcephalin in modern humans, which arose approximately 37,000 years ago, increased in frequency too rapidly to be compatible with neutral drift. This indicates that it has spread under strong positive selection, although the exact nature of the selection is unknown. The finding that an important brain gene has continued to evolve adaptively in anatomically modern humans suggests the ongoing evolutionary plasticity of the human brain. It also makes Microcephalin an attractive candidate locus for studying the genetics of human variation in brain-related phenotypes. 相似文献