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1.
中国干旱区积雪面积产品去云处理方法验证与评估   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
王增艳  车涛 《干旱区研究》2012,29(2):312-319
针对MODIS每日积雪产品中云覆盖现象严重这一问题,以中国干旱区作为研究对象,结合AMSR-E被动微波雪深数据,采用多时相、多传感器数据融合的方法进行去云处理,获取MODIS每日,4 d,8 d和MODIS与AMSR-E融合后的每日,4 d与8 d共6种新的积雪产品,并分别提取其积雪持续日数（SCD）。对比结果显示,MODIS与AMSR-E多传感器的阈值法4日融合产品在融合算法效率、云去除效果和融合后保持较高分类精度方面均有较好表现,其融合后的无云产品在全天气条件下具有96%的整体分类精度、80%的雪分类精度和99%的陆地分类精度,大大高于研究区原MODIS Terra-Aqua每日融合积雪产品全天候条件下64%,32%和70%的整体、雪、陆分类精度;并且由其提取的积雪持续日数不仅在最大程度上保持了原MODIS产品高的空间分辨率,而且精度较高,对研究区积雪的空间分布状况有很好反映。  相似文献   

2.
以新疆北部为研究区,利用AMSR2雪深标准产品及MODIS逐日积雪面积比例产品,对10 km空间分辨率AMSR2雪深标准产品进行降尺度运算,获得了北疆地区降尺度后的500 m空间分辨率SNDsp雪深产品。利用21个气象台站实测雪深数据对升轨和降轨2个时间的AMSR2雪深标准产品及SNDsp产品进行了精度评价及精度分析。结果表明:降尺度后的SNDsp升轨产品均方根误差较AMSR2雪深标准升轨产品降低了1.78 cm,降轨产品的均方根误差较AMSR2雪深标准产品降低了2.68 cm,且降尺度SNDsp产品与地面台站实测雪深的相关性较AMSR2雪深标准产品在一定程度上有所提高。AMSR2雪深标准产品在雪深为7~9 cm时误差最小,SNDsp产品在雪深为16~18 cm时精度最高。雪深大于12 cm时,AMSR2雪深标准产品精度较低,而SNDsp产品在此基础上精度有了一定程度的提高。  相似文献   

3.
利用Snow Fork雪特性分析仪和超声波雪深传感器,分别对林地、草地和灌木地的积雪深度、雪密度及液态含水率进行监测,对比分析3种下垫面雪密度、液态含水率在积雪垂直剖面分布的差异性及积雪深度随时间累积的变化特征。结果表明:主要积雪期为历年11月至次年2月,积雪期3种下垫面雪深变化规律基本一致,呈累积变化趋势,但林地因自身树冠层的截留作用,其平均积雪深度最小,较林外草地积雪总量,林地树冠层对降雪的截留量约为45.33%;积雪初期(10月底至11月中旬)各下垫面雪密度、液态含水率从积雪底层至表层变化趋势基本一致,最大值均出现在积雪表层或中间层;积雪后期(12月至次年2月中旬)3种下垫面雪密度峰值均出现在积雪底层,而液态含水率存在差异性,林地、草地液态含水率在积雪底层0cm-10cm处达到峰值,灌木地在中间层20cm-30cm处达到峰值;不同下垫面在同一积雪层处雪密度、液态含水率随时间累积均呈递增趋势。  相似文献   

4.
青藏高原积雪分布及其时空变化对地表能量交换、水文过程以及气候环境变化具有重要影响，通过NDSI指数阈值法从卫星数据中获取积雪覆盖信息是当前主流技术手段，但受限于高原积雪偏浅、消融快、下垫面类型多样和斑块化分布显著等特征，采用NDSI固定阈值往往不能精确提取高原积雪分布状况。文中以青藏高原东部青海省为研究区，利用MOD10A1数据分析典型下垫面类型积雪区的NDSI与站点自动观测雪深间对应关系，以确定不同下垫面类型积雪的判识参数NDSI阈值范围，得出研究区典型下垫面草地、裸地、耕地、城镇用地的积雪反演参数NDSI最优阈值分别为0.32、0.19、0.20、0.36,用Landsat8 OLI数据判识的积雪空间分布作为“真值”对使用NDSI最优阈值判识出积雪的精度进行验证，结果表明草地、裸地、耕地、城镇用地四种下垫面积雪判识提取的总体精度(OA)分别为92.88%、92.56%、97.19%、99.81%,表明考虑不同下垫面类型下的NDSI阈值率定优化可以有效地提高青藏高原地区积雪反演判别精度。  相似文献   

5.
针对积雪遥感监测中常用的二值分类算法误差较大的问题,根据青藏高原的地理环境特征,并在考虑地表覆盖的情况下,以MODIS数据作为数据源、TM/ETM+数据作为"真值"影像,选用7个不同雪盖子区建立了青藏高原MODIS像元雪盖率与雪盖指数之间的线性关系模型,并用其它4个雪盖子区对模型的稳定性和精度进行分析。结果表明:该方法能有效的提取青藏高原MODIS亚像元尺度的积雪信息,反演结果与MO-DIS/NASA雪产品数据相比,精度得到明显改善。  相似文献   

6.
2002-2009年中国干旱区积雪时空分布特征   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  
王增艳  车涛 《干旱区研究》2012,29(3):464-471
以中国干旱区为研究对象,利用MODIS和AMSR-E融合后的2002-2009年8个水文年份（8月1日至7月31日）的无云积雪产品,计算并验证了用遥感方法提取研究区积雪日数、初雪日期和终雪日期的精度,结合积雪日数制图和积雪面积统计,分析了研究区8 a来积雪时空分布特征。结果显示：① 与气象台站观测资料获取的积雪参数的对比验证表明,遥感方法提取积雪参数的精度较高,误差日数大多在20 d以内,主要表现为遥感方法积雪日数的低估,初雪日期的延后和终雪日期的提前。② 除山地冰川和永久积雪外,天山和阿尔泰山山系间的北疆地区是研究区内季节性积雪最为丰富的地区,积雪日数一般在60 d以上,不过积雪的分布不均匀,大体上从边缘山区向内部盆地中心积雪日数递减,初雪日期延后,终雪日期提前。③ 干旱区在2005年、2007年和2002年积雪面积较大,而2008年和2006年积雪面积较小。各年稳定积雪存在的地区和范围相对稳定,面积变化不大,其年际变化主要体现在积雪日数的增减上;不稳定积雪的面积一般高于稳定积雪,且年际变化较大,积雪日数大多在20 d以内。  相似文献   

7.
以位于水蚀风蚀复合区的陕西省横山县为例,通过分析土地覆被类型在TM影像上的光谱特征,选择不同的特征参数,逐层提取有关信息:首先用TM5/TM3提取水体,然后用NDVI分离植被和非植被;在非植被区,用NDBI和NDVI相结合提取城镇用地,再用TM5将沙地和荒草地分离;在植被区,首先根据NDVI分为三大类:草地、旱地和灌木林、水浇地和有林地,然后利用TM4区分旱地和灌木林,用TM5-TM4的差值把水浇地和有林地分离。精度评价结果表明,分类总精度为86.8%,Kappa系数为0.8506,达到分类要求标准。  相似文献   

8.
以甘肃省为试验区,基于单时相MODIS数据,主要利用其可见光多波段光谱信息,分别使用最大似然法、BP神经网络算法以及基于See 5.0数据挖掘的决策树分类方法对土地覆盖进行了自动分类研究,结果验证表明:决策树分类性能最优,总分类精度达到82.13%,神经网络算法次之,总分类精度为77.60%,最大似然法最差,总分类精度为73.93%;加入boosting技术的See 5.0数据挖掘决策树方法能够快速地进行决策树的建立且能很好地提高较难识别地物类型的分类精度。  相似文献   

9.
MODIS逐日积雪覆盖率产品验证及算法重建   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
选取青藏高原局部地区为研究对象,针对MODIS逐日积雪覆盖率产品（MOD10A1）存在精度差、地域限制等问题,利用MODIS地表反射率产品（MOD09GA）,提出了分段建模的方法,生成了精度更高的积雪覆盖率产品,并采用Landsat资料对该产品进行了验证。结果表明：① MOD10A1标准积雪覆盖率产品在青藏高原地区精度较低,提取的平均雪盖率为29.16%,与同时相TM影像的积雪覆盖比例（22.45%）相差较大,两者相关系数仅为0.74;② 利用MOD09GA地表反射率产品重建积雪覆盖率的分段模型,提取的平均雪盖率为21.70%,与同时相TM影像的积雪覆盖比例较为接近,且两者相关系数达到0.85;③ 与TM资料生成的积雪真值图像对比,改进后的分段模型标准误差与绝对平均误差都优于标准产品,对研究区积雪覆盖面积监测精度的提高有一定的改善。  相似文献   

10.
半干旱区土地利用方式对土壤碳氮矿化的影响   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  
通过研究云雾山草原自然保护区草地、农地、灌木林土壤有机碳和氮的含量和矿化特征,分析了半干旱黄土区不同土地利用方式对土壤碳氮循环的影响。结果表明,土壤有机碳和全氮平均含量在草地转变为农地后分别降低了53%和64%,在转变为灌木林地后分别降低了54%和44%。不同土地利用方式下土壤有机碳矿化速率均随土层深度的增加逐渐降低,降幅介于29%~46%之间;有机碳矿化比例则逐渐增加,增幅介于45%~67%之间。土壤氮素矿化速率、矿化比例和硝化速率均随土层加深逐渐降低,而且0~20 cm土层氮素矿化体现为硝化过程和铵态氮的固定作用,且硝化过程占主导作用;40~80 cm土层硝化过程和铵化过程的比例接近,表明深层土壤氮素矿化由硝化过程和铵化过程共同主导。草地转化为农地和灌木林地后有机碳矿化速率显著降低,其降低幅度随土层加深逐渐减小;但有机碳矿化比例则有所增加,其增幅随土层加深而增大。草地利用方式发生变化后,土壤氮素矿化速率和矿化比例、硝化速率和铵化速率均显著降低,这些指标在表层土壤以草地转变为农地后降低较多,在深层土壤以草地转变为灌木林地降低较多。综上,半干旱黄土区草地转变为农地和灌木林地后,土壤碳氮循环强度和有效性显著降低,因此应避免草地向其它利用方式的转变。  相似文献   

11.
Fifteen species of dermestid beetles were recorded at ‘Evolution Canyon’ (EC), Lower Nahal Oren, Mt. Carmel, Israel. They represent ~35% of known Israeli dermestid species. The following three species were recorded for the first time in Israel:Trogoderma svriaca Dalla Torre, 1911;Ctesias svriaca Ganglbauer, 1904; andAnthrenus (s.str.) jordaniens Pic, 1934. Adults of 13 species were collected on the more solar radiated, warmer and climatically more fluctuating south-facing slope (SFS); ten species were collected on the opposite, north-facing slope (NFS), which was cooler and climatically more stable. The abundance of adult dermestid beetles was 1.9 times higher on the SFS than on the NFS (86 and 47, respectively). Species richness and abundance distribution at EC (three collecting stations on each slope and one at the valley bottom) were significantly negatively correlated with the plant cover that consisted of trees and bushes (Spearmanr s ,P=0.007 and 0.039, respectively) and perennials (Spearmanr s ,P=0.039 and 0.077, respectively), indicating that non-woody plants were preferred by adult dermestid beetles.  相似文献   

12.
Recent data on the epidemiology of the common mycotoxigenic species of Fusarium, Alternaria, Aspergillus and Penicillium in infected or colonized plants, and in stored or processed plant products from the Mediterranean area are reviewed. Emphasis is placed on the toxigenicity of the causal fungal species and the natural occurrence of well known mycotoxins (aflatoxins, ochratoxins, fumonisins, trichothecenes, zearalenone, patulin, Alternaria-toxins and moniliformin), as well as some more recently described compounds (fusaproliferin, beauvericin) whose toxigenic potential is not yet well understood. Several Fusarium species reported from throughout the Mediterranean area are responsible of the formation of mycotoxins in infected plants and in plant products, including: Fusarium graminearum, F. culmorum, F. cerealis, F. avenaceum, F. sporotrichioides and F. poae, which produce deoxynivalenol, nivalenol, fusarenone, zearalenone, moniliformin, and T-2 toxin derivatives in wheat and other small grains affected by head blight or scab, and in maize affected by red ear rot. Moreover, strains of F. verticillioides, F. proliferatum, and F. subglutinans, that form fumonisins, beauvericin, fusaproliferin, and moniliformin, are commonly associated with maize affected by ear rot. Fumonisins, were also associated with Fusarium crown and root rot of asparagus and Fusarium endosepsis of figs, caused primarily by F. proliferatum. Toxigenic A. alternata strains and associated tenuazonic acid and alternariols were commonly found in black mould of tomato, black rot of olive and citrus, black point of small cereals, and black mould of several vegetables. Toxigenic strains of A. carbonarius and ochratoxin A were often found associated with black rot of grapes, whereas toxigenic strains of A. flavus and/or P. verrucosum, forming aflatoxins and ochratoxin A, respectively, were found in moulded plant products from small cereals, peanuts, figs, pea, oilseed rape, sunflower seeds, sesame seeds, pistachios, and almonds. Finally, toxigenic strains of P. expansum and patulin were frequently found in apple, pear and other fresh fruits affected by blue mould rot, as well as in derived juices and jams.  相似文献   

13.
The genera ofMicrogaster Latreille 1804 andHygroplitis Thomson 1895 from China are presented systematically in this paper. Thirty-two species ofMicrogaster and three species ofHygroplitis are known in China. Diagnosis, character variation, distribution and host of each species among the two genera are presented, including its host and distribution. Keys to the species ofMicrogaster andHygroplitis are given. http://www.phytoparasitica.org posting Dec. 19, 2006.  相似文献   

14.
Plant Viruses Transmitted by Whiteflies   总被引：18，自引：0，他引：18  
One-hundred and fourteen virus species are transmitted by whiteflies (family Aleyrodidae). Bemisia tabaci transmits 111 of these species while Trialeurodes vaporariorum and T. abutilonia transmit three species each. B. tabaci and T. vaporariorum are present in the European–Mediterranean region, though the former is restricted in its distribution. Of the whitefly-transmitted virus species, 90% belong to the Begomovirus genus, 6% to the Crinivirus genus and the remaining 4% are in the Closterovirus, Ipomovirus or Carlavirus genera. Other named, whitefly-transmitted viruses that have not yet been ranked as species are also documented. The names, abbreviations and synonyms of the whitefly-transmitted viruses are presented in tabulated form together with details of their whitefly vectors, natural hosts and distribution. Entries are also annotated with references. Whitefly-transmitted viruses affecting plants in the European–Mediterranean region have been highlighted in the text.  相似文献   

15.
Broad bean mottle virus (BBMV) was transmitted from infected to healthy faba-bean plants by the curculionid weevilsApion radiolus Kirby,Hypera variabilis Herbst,Pachytychius strumarius Gyll,Smicronyx cyaneus Gyll, andSitona lineatus L. The latter appeared to be an efficient vector: acquisition and inoculation occurred at the first bite, the rate of transmission was c. 41%, and virus retention lasted for at least seven days.S. lineatus transmitted the virus from faba bean to lentil and pea, but not to the three genotypes of chickpea tested. This is the first report on the generaHypera, Pachytychius, andSmicronyx as virus vectors, and onA. radiolus, H. variabilis, P. strumarius, andS. cyaneus as vectors of BBMV.Out of 351 samples of food legumes with symptoms suggestive of virus infection, 16, 11, 19, and 17% of the samples of chickpea, lentil, pea, and common bean, respectively, were found infected when tested for BBMV in DAS-ELISA. This is the first report on the natural occurrence of BBMV in chickpea, lentil, pea, and common bean. The virus should be regarded as a food-legume virus rather than a faba-bean virus solely, and is considered an actual threat to food legume improvement programmes.  相似文献   

16.
A collection of 38 PVY isolates from seed potato batches, originating from several Western European countries, was characterized by using current biological, serological and molecular tools differentiating PVY strains and groups. The correlation between the three kinds of tests was good but not absolute. No single serological or PCR method was able to discriminate among the five isolate groups found. Twenty-nine isolates belonged to the PVYN strain and six to the PVYO strain. No PVYC was found. Two other isolates reacted serologically like PVYO, but were unable to elicit a hypersensitive response from the Nytbr gene and probably represent the PVYZ group. At the molecular level, these two isolates showed a combination of both PVYO and PVYN and could be recombinants of these strains. Another isolate reacted serologically like PVYO, but induced vein necrosis in tobacco, like PVYN-Wilga. Some PVYN isolates caused tuber ring necrosis in glasshouse conditions. These might belong to the PVYNTN group. The PVYNTN, PVYN-Wilga and PVYZ groups probably represent pathotypes within strains PVYN and PVYO, respectively. The present study also confirms previous reports showing a high genetic variation at the 5 end within the PVYN strain.  相似文献   

17.
The phenology of the autumn leafroller,Syndemis musculana, a local pest of apple, was studied in order to forecast larval emergence. From 1983–1986, peak flight as determined with sexpheromone traps was always between 13–18 May. The duration of embryonic development was determined at various constant temperatures and used to estimate the periods of egg hatch in these four years. Each year, most eggs should have hatched in the second decade of June.Differences in attack rates between apple cultivars seem to be explained largely by the variation in picking time. Larvae are only half grown at the beginning of harvest (cv. James Grieve), and have gone into hibernation when the latest variety (cv. Golden Delicious) is picked. Moreover, the varieties Cox's Orange Pippin and Belle de Boskoop, picked about half time, are liable to receive additional damage by caterpillars brought with the picked fruits into storage.Various hymenopterous parasites were reared from caterpillars. As the only leafroller in the orchard which hibernates as mature larva,S. musculana may promote winter survival of some parasitoids, like the eulophidColpyclypeus florus.Samenvatting De fenologie van de herfstbladroller (Syndemis musculana Hübner), een incidentele plaag op appel, werd nader bepaald met het doel het uitkomen van de eieren te kunnen voorspellen. In 1983–1986 viel de piekvlucht, bepaald met behulp van feromoonvallen, steeds tussen 13 en 18 mei.De ontwikkelingsduur van de eieren bij verschillende constante temperaturen werd gebruikt om de periode van uitkomen te schatten. De meeste eieren zullen ieder jaar in de eerste helft van juni uitkomen.Geconstateerde verschillen in schade tussen appelrassen blijken goeddeels terug te voeren op verschillen in pluktijdstip. De rupsen van de herfstbladroller zijn pas half-was als de eerste appels eind augustus geplukt worden, terwijl tegen het einde van de oogst begin oktober de meeste al in winterslaap zijn. Met name tussentijdse rassen, als Cox's Orange Pippin and Schone van Boskoop, lopen extra schade op doordat grotere rupsen met de geplukte vruchten in de kist terecht komen.Uit de rupsen werden negen, al van andere boomgaardbladrollers bekende, sluipwespen gekweekt, Omdat deze bladrollersoort, als enige in de boomgaard, als volgroeide rups overwintert, lijkt zij bij uitstek geschikt als winterwaard.This study was carried out at the Experimental Orchard De Schuilenburg, Schuilenburg 3, 4041 BK Kesteren, the Netherlands, to which address correspondence should be addressed.  相似文献   

18.
In the summer of 2004 an epidemic of sclerotinia blight of peanut, a disease caused by Sclerotinia minor, occurred in Texas in fields where the disease was never previously detected. The disease was observed on many plants within one of the fields (>3000 disease foci), although most foci were <1 m. It is hypothesized that these observations were inconsistent with the recent introduction of a monocyclic pathogen, even if disease developed under conducive environmental conditions. The pattern of disease is most suggestive of the presence of foliar (ascospore) infections, although air temperature was above the known limits for apothecia development if the pathogen had arrived in the field in 2004 peanut seed. To further examine this epidemic, 232 isolates were collected, across a variety of spatial scales spanning this field and other Texas peanut fields, and evaluated for aggressiveness, fungicide sensitivity and genotypic diversity. There was wide variation among isolates for the phenotypic characteristics measured, but there was no evidence that a genotypically unique, highly aggressive, and fungicide resistant isolate had been introduced or evolved. The predominant genotype, TX1, which contained 154 isolates, was found in every county and field population.  相似文献   

19.
In 1975 many tumours were observed in plants ofBegonia Schwabenland grown in Aalsmeer. Submersion of the roots ofNicotiana megalosiphon seedlings in a homogenate of tumorous tissue, induced tumours after two weeks. Short periods of submergence yielded results similar to those obtained after longer periods. Tumour homogenates lost their infectivity after ten min at 50°C. Aphids transmitted the infectious agent.Treatment with propylene oxide did not inhibit infectivity completely. Filtration through a 450 nm filter removed the infectious agent.Tobacco tumor virus or a viroid could not be isolated. Cultures ofCorynebacterium fascians, isolated from tumours ofN. megalosiphon were highly infectious and induced tumours in healthyN. megalosiphon andBegonia. Tumorous tissue homogenates ofPelargonium zonale, Dahlia sp.,Gladiolus sp., andLilium sp. also caused tumours inN. megalosiphon, from whichC. fascians was isolated. It was not possible to produce tumours inN. megalosiphon with homogenates from roses with symptoms of bud proliferation.Samenvatting In 1975 werden vele tumoren waargenomen inBegonia Schwabenland op Aalsmeerse bedrijven (Fig. 1). De infectiositeit van tumorweefsel kon goed en snel worden vastgesteld door de wortels van zaailingen vanNicotiana megalosiphon in een homogenaat van tumorweefsel te dompelen. Tumoren ontstonden na twee weken, de eindbeoordeling geschiedde na een maand (Fig. 2). Ook verschillende andereNicotiana spp.,Melilotus officinalis (Fig. 3) enPisum odoratum (Fig. 4) werden aangetast.Bij de infectiositeitstoets gaven zeer korte dompeltijden even goede resultaten als langere (Tabel 1). Infectieus sap verloor zijn infectievermogen na 10 min verhitting bij 50°C. Bladluizen brachten de smetstof over. Propyleenoxide verminderde de infectiositeit wel, doch onderdrukte deze niet totaal. Bij filtratie door een 450 nm filter bleef het infectieuse agens op het filter achter. Het tumor-inducerende agens was ook aanwezig in die delen van planten met tumoren welke gezond leken en het ging voor een gering deel over met zaad (Tabel 2).Uit tumoren konden wij geen tabakstumorvirus of een viroïde isoleren. Culturen vanCorynebacterium fascians, geïsoleerd uit tumoren vanN. megalosiphon bleken zeer infectieus en veroorzaakten tumoren inN. megalosiphon enBegonia. Homogenaten van tumorweefsel vanPelargonium zonale, dahlia (Fig. 5), gladiool (Fig. 6) enLilium Mid Century Hybrid Enchantment (Fig. 7) veroorzaakten ook tumoren opN. megalosiphon, waaruitC. fascians werd geïsoleerd. Met sap van kroeskopzieke rozen konden wijN. megalosiphon niet besmetten.  相似文献   

20.
Four species so far classified in Pseudocercosporella or Ramulispora (hyphomycetes) are associated with eyespot disease symptoms of cereals. Two of these have been linked to teleomorphs that were described in Tapesia. Sequence data derived from the Internal Transcribed Spacer region (ITS1, 5.8S and ITS2) of the rDNA operon showed, however, that the eyespot fungi associated with Tapesia are not congeneric with Ramulispora sorghi, the type of Ramulispora. The genus name Tapesia is now rejected in favour of the conserved name Mollisia, which appears to comprise heterogeneous fungi. Tapesia yallundae is not closely related to the type of Mollisia, M. cinerea, but clusters separately, being more closely allied to species with Cadophora anamorphs. A new holomorph genus, Oculimacula, is therefore proposed for teleomorphs of the eyespot fungi, while the anamorphs are accommodated in Helgardia gen. nov.  相似文献   

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