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1.
In our experiment digital image processing is used to predict characteristics in a winter oilseed rape canopy. A large series of images was taken in 2002–2003 in close intervals from a measuring area of 1 m2. These images were automatically evaluated by a self‐written computer program analysing the red/green/blue colour channels of each pixel. The number of determined green pixels was then related to the total pixel count of the image. Image evaluation helped to determine canopy structure by digital image analysis subjected to several applications, i.e. soil coverage, leaf area index (LAI), dynamics of plant number during vegetative developmental stages including entire winter season. Furthermore, number of plants per m2 and position of each plant were determined by image analysis. Results show that all parameters are dynamic during the vegetative developmental stages (germination–beginning of flowering) mainly depending on temperature. During the vegetative developmental stages number of plants varied. Emergence lasted 30 days resulting in large differences in growth and development of individual plants. During winter number of plants decreased due to longer phases of frost. Plant growth indicated by dynamics of LAI alternated with phases of cessation due to low temperatures above zero or frost. Reductions in soil coverage and LAI clearly started at daily mean temperatures below 5 °C. After the analysis, differences in LAI as well as changes in number of plants during the early phase crop development can serve (i) as input parameters to growth models, (ii) to improve canopy reflectance measurements by separating spectral signatures of soil and canopy and (iii) to determine and explain heterogeneities within the canopy. 相似文献
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基于颜色阈值的田间籽棉图像分割技术 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
为正确分割田间籽棉图像,将棉花与背景视为二个类别,在典型的未成熟籽棉图像和不同质量等级的成熟/过熟籽棉图像中,用肉眼选取20 000个白棉、黄染棉和污染棉等棉花像素以及20 000个棉株、土壤等背景像素,在RGB、HSI、La*b*和Hunter颜色空间下获取二类像素之间的颜色阈值,基于阈值进行图像分割,选取噪声较少的HSI和La*b*颜色空间,进一步基于形态学滤波器去噪,实验结果表明,907幅籽棉图像分割的准确率为87.21%和86.33%。HSI颜色空间更适合分割成熟籽棉图像,La*b*颜色空间则适合未成熟籽棉;颜色阈值覆盖范围广,基于速度的阈值分割法能够适应田间籽棉环境。 相似文献
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基于数码相机的水稻氮素营养诊断 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
作物叶片的颜色与其氮素营养状况密切相关,因此可以用叶片的绿色程度来反映其氮素水平。为了量化水稻叶片颜色特征并建立其与氮素营养状况间的关系,使用数码相机拍摄了不同品种、氮肥用量的水稻叶片图像,并比较了3个图像特征参数色相(H, Hue)、明度(V, Value)、深绿色指数(DGCI)与SPAD值及水稻叶片含氮量的关系。结果表明,H、V、DGCI与SPAD值间存在良好的线性关系,拔节期、孕穗期DGCI和SPAD值间的决定系数分别为0.62**、0.60**。同时,3个特征参数和叶片含氮量间也存在良好的线性关系,孕穗期H、V、DGCI与叶片含氮量间的决定系数分别为0.53**、0.63**、0.59**。利用图像特征参数对水稻进行氮素营养诊断时选择孕穗期较好,3个特征参数中V较稳定,与水稻氮素营养间关系最好。 相似文献
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砷胁迫下水磷耦合对不同磷效率水稻农艺性状及精米砷含量的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为探索缓解水稻砷毒害的农艺措施,选用耐低磷水稻99011和低磷敏感水稻99012,研究水分管理、磷用量及其交互作用对不同砷浓度酸性土壤上水稻生长发育、产量及稻米砷含量的影响。结果表明,节水灌溉(干湿交替)和增施磷肥都明显促进水稻生长(包括分蘖数、总穗数、有效穗、根系干重、生物量)和产量形成,缓解砷胁迫对水稻生长和产量的不利影响,且水、磷交互作用也表现出明显的正效应。50 mg kg-1砷处理时,节水灌溉显著降低精米砷含量,而增施磷肥提高了精米砷含量,水、磷交互效应明显比水分管理效应差,但比磷肥效应好得多;100 mg kg-1砷处理时,节水灌溉和增施磷肥都明显降低精米中的砷含量,且二者交互表现出正效应。土壤加砷后,相同处理的生物学性状均为耐低磷水稻明显大于磷敏感水稻,而精米砷含量则为耐低磷水稻显著低于磷敏感水稻。研究表明,可以根据砷污染程度采取干湿交替水分管理、调节磷用量以及选择吸收磷能力强的耐低磷水稻品种等措施缓解砷污染对水稻生长、产量和品质的不利影响。 相似文献
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A field experiment was carried out to assess the impact of elevated carbon dioxide (CO2) and temperature on phosphorous (P) nutrition in relation to organic acids exudation, soil microbial biomass P (MBP) and phosphatase activities in tropical flooded rice. Rice (cv. Naveen) was grown under chambered control (CC), elevated CO2 (EC, 550 μmol mol−1) and elevated CO2 + elevated temperature (ECT, 550 μmol mol−1 and 2 °C more than CC) in a tropical flooded soil under open top chambers (OTCs) along with unchambered control (UC) for three years. Root exudates were analyzed at different growth stages of rice followed by organic acids determination. Rhizospheric soil was used for analysis of soil phosphatase, MBP and available P. The total organic carbon (TOC) in root exudates was increased by 27.5% and 30.2% under EC and ECT, respectively over CC. Four different types of organic acids viz. acetic acid (AA), tartaric acid (TA), malic acid (MA) and citric acid (CA) were identified and quantified as dominant in root exudates, concentration of these was in the order of TA > MA > AA > CA. The TA, MA, AA and CA content were increased by 34.4, 31.1, 38.7 and 58.3% under ECT compared to that of UC over the period of 3 years. The P uptake in shoot, root and grain under elevated CO2 increased significantly by 29, 28 and 22%, respectively than CC. Soil MBP, acid and alkaline phosphatase activity was significantly higher under elevated CO2 by 35.1%, 27 and 36%, respectively, compared to the CC. Significant positive relationship exists among the organic acid exudation, MBP, phosphatase activities and P uptake by rice. The enhanced organic acid in root exudates coupled with higher soil phosphatase activities under elevated CO2 resulted in increased rate of soil P solubilization leading to higher plant P uptake. 相似文献
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图像处理技术估测水稻叶面积指数的研究 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
为了探讨图像处理技术测定水稻叶面积指数（LAI）的可行性,利用数码相机获取水稻冠层影像,通过图像处理获取冠层图像的覆盖度,并建立模型从而估测出水稻LAI。试验结果表明,利用覆盖度与实测叶面积指数之间建立的关系模型可以估测水稻LAI,并对利用该模型测出的叶面积指数与实测叶面积指数进行统计检验,它们之间的相关系数在0.77~0.93*之间,达到显著或极显著水平。说明通过覆盖度估测水稻叶面积指数是可行的,该研究结果为获取水稻LAI提供了有效途径。 相似文献
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基于无人机遥感图像的苎麻产量估测研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
FU Hong-Yu CUI Guo-Xian LI Xu-Meng SHE Wei CUI Dan-Dan ZHAO Liang SU Xiao-Hui WANG Ji-Long CAO Xiao-Lan LIU Jie-Yi LIU Wan-Hui WANG Xin-Hui 《作物学报》2020,46(9):1448-1455
本研究旨在探索一种利用无人机-RGB系统提取的苎麻株高和可见光图像光谱信息估测产量的新方法。试验于2019年在湖南农业大学耘园苎麻基地进行,利用无人机搭载高清数码相机获取二季苎麻苗期和成熟期的图像。首先利用Pix4Dmapper生成苎麻冠层2个生育期的数字表面模型和高清数码正射图像;然后基于数字表面模型采用"差分法"计算试验小区的平均株高(DSM-based H);基于正射图像提取试验小区RGB通道均值,进而计算遥感图像数码变量和植被指数,分析苎麻种质间的图像光谱表型性状和产量株高比性状的差异性与多样性;最后采用逐步回归方法建立苎麻产量预测模型,并对各项产量解释因子进行相关性分析。结果表明:(1)基于无人机-RGB系统遥感株高与实测株高显著相关(r=0.90),修正遥感株高的均方根误差为0.04 m。(2)苎麻产量与株高信息存在极显著相关性(r=0.91),而与图像光谱表型相关性不明显。(3)融合遥感图像株高和种质特征差异构建的苎麻产量估测模型精度较高, R~2=0.85, RMSE=0.71。因此,基于无人机遥感图像的苎麻产量估测是可行的,这对苎麻种质特征评价和产量估测具有重要的意义。 相似文献
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淹涝胁迫条件对水稻形态的试验研究初报 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
为分析不同品种早稻对水淹胁迫的响应,于2012年3—7月分别对不同品种水稻的分蘖期、抽穗扬花期耐淹能力及不同淹涝强度对一些农艺性状的影响进行了研究。结果表明：分蘖期不同品种籼稻在不同的淹涝强度处理间的株高变化结果不一。不同淹水处理小区出现主茎穗和分蘖穗发育进程不一致,生育期延长天数与淹水天数之间呈现极显著的正相关关系。因为‘湘早籼24’植株相对比较矮,受钻心虫危害比较严重。钻心虫发生面积和淹水强度之间呈现极显著的正相关关系。淹水处理造成水稻产量降低,试验结果表明同一品种,产量降幅随淹水时间延长而加大。 相似文献
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施氮量对江苏不同年代中粳稻品种产量与群体质量的影响 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
以江苏省近60年来各阶段具有代表性的12个中粳稻品种(含超级稻)为材料。依据种植推广年代结合株型和基因型将其分为20世纪50年代、60年代、70年代、80年代、90年代和2000年以后6个类型,进行0N (不施氮,0N)、240 kg hm-2 (中氮,MN)和360 kg hm-2 (高氮,HN) 3种氮肥用量处理,并观察其对水稻产量和群体质量的影响。结果表明, 产量随品种改良逐步提高,在0N、MN和HN三种施氮量条件下,由20世纪50年代早期品种到2000年以后的超级稻品种,产量增幅分别为4.45~4.64 t hm-2、5.89~5.93 t hm-2和8.45~8.62 t hm-2。2000年以前的中粳稻品种产量表现为MN>HN>0N; 2000年以后的超级稻品种则表现为HN>MN>0N。2000年以前的中粳稻品种在中氮处理下具有较高群体质量指标(茎蘖成穗率、抽穗至成熟期的干物质积累、有效叶面积和高效叶面积指数、粒叶比、着粒密度、剑叶光合速率和根系氧化力),2000年以后的超级稻品种则在高氮处理下具有较高的群体质量指标。这些结果表明, 早期品种对氮肥响应较现代超级稻品种敏感,超级稻品种则在高氮水平下具有更高的产量。群体质量的改善是品种改良增加产量以及超级稻品种在高氮水平下物质生产和产量提高的重要原因。 相似文献
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Silicon has been reported to reduce drought stress on many crops, but limited studies have evaluated this effect with rice using calcium silicate slag from the phosphorus fertilizer industry as a source of Si. A greenhouse study was performed to address this issue. Four slag rates (0, 1,000, 2,000 and 4,000 mg/kg) and two application methods (surface application and incorporation) were evaluated under two moisture regimes (flood and 50% field capacity) for drought stress mitigation in a mineral soil that is typical for rice production. Slag application significantly elevated plant‐available Si in the soil and Si accumulation in plant tissues, and tended to improve rice shoot and root biomass relative to the untreated control under both flooding and drought stress. Increased carbon isotope discrimination (△13C) and decreased proline in rice leaves subjected to drought stress indicate that this slag may reduce drought stress in rice, which was supported by restoration of foliage density, transpiration, photosynthesis rate and sugar accumulation to at or near flooded levels following the highest slag application. This study supports the usage of calcium silicate slag in rice production as it could improve Si availability and reduce drought stress. 相似文献
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利用鱼眼影像技术反演不同株型水稻的冠层结构参数 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
快速、可靠、精确地评估植被冠层结构参数在大气-植被相互作用的研究中起着举足轻重的作用。为探明鱼眼影像在水稻冠层结构研究中的应用前景, 本研究选择3种不同冠层结构的水稻品种作为研究对象, 利用带有鱼眼镜头的数码相机在冠层的8个不同高度分别拍摄冠层影像, 通过对影像的预处理提取冠层间隙度参数, 根据冠层内辐射环境与冠层结构之间的定量化关系, 利用Beer-Lambert定律反演水稻冠层的叶面积指数(leaf area index, LAI)和平均叶倾角(mean leaf angle, MLA)。研究结果表明, 鱼眼影像反演的LAI均方根误差(root mean square error, RMSE)为1.2~1.5, 相对误差(relative error, RE)为18.6%~22.5%, 仅比人工测定结果低估7.6%~13.1%, 优于Sunscan的测定结果。其次, 反演的MLA与人工测定结果之间有较好的一致性, 相关系数为0.9205**, RMSE为11.7°, RE为16.1%。研究结果表明, 鱼眼影像反演水稻冠层结构是可行的方法。 相似文献
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A substantial proportion of ammonical fertilizers applied to lowland rice is lost as gaseous N from the soil–plant system. Besides various environmental factors, the low N use efficiency of flooded rice is also attributed to this factor. As atmospheric ammonia found in the leaf environment of the plants could also be responsible for differences in N use efficiency and fertilizer N losses from lowland rice, a greenhouse study was conducted on three rice cultivars varying in physio-morphological characteristics for their dry matter and nitrogen distribution to grains at maturity in response to ammonia (NH3) exposure at tillering and anthesis growth stages. The results revealed that ammonia exposure of plants at two growth stages did not affect the total dry matter and total N yield of the rice cultivars at maturity; however, the grain yield and grain N yield were negatively effected by NH3 exposure of the plants at anthesis. The variation observed in dry matter and N partitioning at maturity to grains/roots of the plants exposed to NH3 at anthesis indicated that the growth stage of the plants at which they are exposed to NH3 has an influence on N use efficiency of crop plants and subsequent vegetative as well as total N losses from the soil–plant system. 相似文献
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GF-1和MODIS影像冬小麦长势监测指标NDVI的对比 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
作物长势是农情遥感监测的重要内容之一。长期以来, 作物长势遥感监测主要基于卫星影像反演的相关植被参数, 如归一化植被指数(NDVI, normalized difference vegetation index)、叶面积指数(LAI, leaf area index)等。本文通过对比研究16 m分辨率GF-1卫星影像及250 m分辨率MODIS影像的NDVI与冬小麦综合茎数、株高、叶绿素浓度之间的关系, 尝试建立遥感监测作物长势指标与地面实测作物长势指标的定量关系。研究发现GF-1 的NDVI与冬小麦综合茎数的相关性最高(R 2=0.8961), 而与其他指标相关性较弱; MODIS的 NDVI指数与冬小麦综合茎数相关性较低(R 2=0.4432), 对作物长势的遥感监测精度较低。统计MODIS冬小麦像元内GF-1像元的NDVI平均值, 并与MODIS的NDVI对比, 发现两者之间的相关性较低(R 2=0.3944); 在消除MODIS与GF-1影像传感器光谱响应函数差异及NDVI尺度效应后, MODIS影像的冬小麦作物长势遥感监测精度得到一定提高(R 2=0.4633)。对MODIS像元内GF-1 NDVI标准差排序发现, MODIS像元内冬小麦长势一致性越高, MODIS的长势遥感监测精度越高。GF-1和MODIS影像NDVI长势监测主要代表地面冬小麦综合茎数, 且卫星影像分辨率越高, NDVI值越能反映实际的作物长势。MODIS像元内冬小麦长势一致性越高, 基于NDVI的MODIS与GF-1数据冬小麦长势监测结果越一致。从区域长势监测角度来看, 尽管MODIS与GF-1数据的监测结果趋势较为一致, 并且通过光谱、尺度归一化能够进一步提高监测结果的一致性, 但MODIS NDVI长势监测总体精度较低, 为满足作物长势精细化监测的业务需要, 应逐步使用高分辨率的遥感数据替代中低分辨率遥感数据进行作物长势遥感监测, 并将其作为长势监测业务化运行的研究重点。 相似文献
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基于数字图像的玉米叶面积测量方法研究 总被引：7，自引：2，他引：5
【研究目的】以数字图像处理技术为基础,采用数码相机获取数字图像,建立使用Visual C++6.0开发的图像处理软件进行玉米叶面积测量的方法。【方法】首先,用数码相机拍摄挂在墙上粘贴着玉米叶片的参照白板来获得数字图像。然后提取图像的蓝色分量,利用中值滤波、膨胀、腐蚀等方法去除图像噪声,最大类间方差法自动阈值分割目标。接着进行区域标记与区域像素数统计,区域像素数结合图像分辨率就可以获得玉米叶片的实际面积。【结果】与直尺法所测结果具有很好的相关性,且比直尺法更精确,【结论】此种拍摄方法避免了几何畸变的产生。蓝色分量图像中目标和背景的灰度差异最大,便于分割。 相似文献
16.
A new method of image segmentation based on neural network was proposed to extract the cracks image, with which it could overcome, in some extent, the dependence of the background image and reduce the pseudo points and pseudo regions. The measurement accuracy can be improved compared with that from morphological algorithm. Furthermore, the specific methods and processes to measure the walls crack with image digital processing were presented. And with the case study, it was found that this method can measure the cracks accurately with convenient operation. 相似文献
17.
不同水分管理条件下秸秆还田方式对作物养分吸收、产量及土壤培肥的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
盆栽试验结果表明,常规淹水和无水层栽培,秸秆还田的水稻产量提高,油菜秸秆和小麦秸秆处理之间差异不显著,秸秆不同利用方式以覆盖效果较好。秸秆还田处理的后茬油菜产量比不施秸秆的提高1.8%～9.3%。对氮磷钾吸收的影响,常规淹水多于无水层栽培,但秸秆还田能促进氮磷钾的吸收利用。无水层栽培比常规淹水栽培的土壤有机质等养分提高,说明无水层栽培条件下更利于还田秸秆的养分释放和土壤对养分的保持。 相似文献
18.
In contrast to high-throughput genotyping which can manage a large number of plants at relatively low cost, phenotyping of many individual genotypes in field trials is still laborious and expensive. Early plant vigour, as an early selection criterion, is a trait that is visually scored due to a lack of suitable phenotyping methods for an accurate detection of this trait in large field trials. A high-throughput phenotyping technique for scoring early plant vigour would enhance the breeding process. This study was conducted to develop a method for scoring phenotypic differences in early plant vigour of 50 winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars in a 2-years experiment using a vehicle based multispectral active sensor and two commercially available active sensors, GreenSeeker and CropCircle. Pixel analysis of RGB images revealed to be the most feasible and superior method compared to other possible reference methods. A comparison between the two years 2011 and 2012 confirmed that early plant vigour was affected by genotypic differences. A novel spectral plant vigour index (EPVI) was found to accurately reflect the plant vigour at tillering. Different methods were applied to identify optimal combinations of wavelengths to predict early plant vigour, including multivariate modelling and prediction, contour maps for identifying all possible simple ratios and testing of combined indices. The EPVI and the relative amount of green pixels (RAGP) derived from digital images were significantly related with r2 = 0.98 to each other in both years. A total of 200 plots, 12 m in length, could be measured within 75 min. The EPVI was shown to be an accurate scoring method for the high-throughput screening of large field trials. The rapidity and accuracy of this novel method may contribute to enhanced selection at early growth stages. 相似文献
19.
杂交水稻中后期洪涝淹没与产量损失的关系 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
以4个杂交中稻品种为材料, 采用桶栽方法在模拟洪水和实地洪涝条件下, 研究了在水稻不同生育时期模拟洪水淹没的深度、时间对产量损失度的影响。结果表明, 淹没对产量损失度的影响为抽穗期>孕穗期>乳熟期, 淹顶>淹没植株2/3。洪水淹没下结实率和千粒重与淹没时间呈极显著负相关。在淹没植株2/3处理中, 孕穗期、抽穗期、乳熟期淹没100 h, 产量分别损失50%、60%、12%左右; 而淹顶处理100 h的产量损失度, 在孕穗期、抽穗期达100%, 在乳熟期不到25%。预测洪涝产量损失度分别达40%、60%和80%时相应的淹没时间, 建立了根据不同淹没时期和淹没深度的产量损失度与淹没时间关系模型, 决定系数为0.6038~0.9868。孕穗期、抽穗期和乳熟期分别在洪涝淹没56.3 h情况下, 产量损失度实测值与预测值误差为3.63~6.81个百分点, 可作为洪灾发生后评估水稻产量损失度的参考依据。 相似文献
20.
水稻耐低磷种质的苗期筛选与鉴定 总被引：6，自引：1，他引：6
从以成恢448为轮回亲本，M401为供体亲本构建的回交后代BC1F6筛选出的耐低磷材料（GP9）和低磷敏感材料（GP14）及其亲本用于盆栽试验，设置P2（2.31 mg/kg）、P30（30 mg/kg）和P80（80 mg/kg）3个磷处理水平，以P80处理为对照计算性状相对值，研究不同磷处理浓度对供试材料6个生物学性状的影响。结果表明，P2处理较P30处理更能反映不同材料性状相对值间的差异，宜用于苗期耐低磷筛选。P2处理时，GP9与GP14及其亲本播种后52 d、59 d和66 d的相对分蘖数差异均达极显著水平，建议采用相对分蘖数作为水稻苗期耐低磷筛选的主要鉴别指标。同时，运用相对叶面积、相对绿叶数和相对叶龄进行综合评定。 相似文献