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研究旨在了解北疆某规模化奶牛场奶牛乳房炎患病率和发病牛乳汁中主要致病菌的种类。通过采用美国加州乳房炎检测（CMT）和体细胞数检测（SCC）对隐性型乳房炎进行诊断,临床外观法诊断临床型乳房炎并进行主要致病菌分离鉴定。结果显示：该奶牛场的临床型乳房炎头阳性率及乳区阳性率分别为1.65%(12/728)和0.41%(12/2 896);隐性乳房炎头阳性率及乳区阳性率分别为5.45%(39/716)和1.46%(42/2 884);瞎乳头率为0.55%(16/2 912)。该牛场不同胎次间的奶牛患隐性乳房炎的头阳性率差异显著。从12份临床型乳房炎乳汁样本中初步分离鉴定出2株金黄色葡萄球菌、5株大肠杆菌和5株链球菌属。研究表明,该奶牛场奶牛乳房炎患病率较低,金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌和链球菌属可能是该牛场乳房炎主要致病菌。 相似文献
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目的 本研究旨在摸清兰考县规模化奶牛场奶牛亚临床乳房炎流行规律,为该病的防控提供参考。方法 采用加州奶牛亚临床乳房炎试验（CMT）方法对3 家规模化奶牛场的547 头泌乳奶牛进行亚临床乳房炎检测,调查该病与奶牛胎次、泌乳期和乳区的关系。结果 奶牛阳性率为20.11%,乳区阳性率为10.88%;1~2、3~4和≥5胎次的奶牛发病率分别为13.37%、20.53%和29.46%;泌乳前期、泌乳中期和泌乳后期发病率分别为15.11%、22.12%和30.89%;乳区阳性率介于8.59%~13.16%。结论 兰考县规模化奶牛场奶牛亚临床型乳房炎的发病率相对较低,与胎次、泌乳期存在正相关,与乳区无明显关系。 相似文献
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对重庆部分地区６个奶牛场１１８头泌乳奶牛进行临床型乳房炎的病因及发病情况调查,并对其中７６头泌４乳奶牛进行隐性乳房炎检查,同时对２２６份患乳房炎和健康奶牛奶样进行细菌学分离鉴定。结果表明：临床型乳房炎奶牛及阳性乳区分别为８．４７％（１０／１１８）和３．３２％（１５／４５２）;隐性乳房炎奶牛及阳性乳区分别为７８．９４％（６０／７６）和５０．３４％（１４８／２９４）;临床型乳房炎、隐性乳房炎奶牛的阳性乳区奶样和健康奶牛的奶样细菌检出率分别为８６．６７％（１３／１５）、８７．８３％（１３０／１４８）和７３．００％（４６／６３）;检出的细菌主要是葡萄球菌和链球菌。 相似文献
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旨在研究乳房炎及病原菌组成对中国荷斯坦牛测定日泌乳性能及体细胞数变化的影响.本研究于2009年9月对江苏某奶牛场140头成年中国荷斯坦泌乳牛进行乳房炎检测和DHI测定,同时对隐性乳房炎阳性乳区进行病原菌分离鉴定,并分析了不同乳房炎类型和隐性乳房炎病原菌组成对测定日泌乳性能和乳中SCC变化的影响.结果表明,该牛场临床乳房炎、隐性乳房炎和正常奶牛比例分别为10.00％、51.10％和37.90％,其中隐性乳房炎以大肠杆菌和链球菌混合感染最多(19头,占26.00％),其次为链球菌单独感染(17头,占23.30％).由1种细菌单独感染的比例为26头(占36.11％),2种或2种以上细菌混合感染为44头(占61.11％).乳房炎类型对测定日产奶量、乳糖含量、体细胞数和体细胞评分4个指标影响达到极显著水平(P＜0.01),临床乳房炎和隐性乳房炎奶牛日产奶量和乳糖含量极显著低于正常奶,同时体细胞数和体细胞评分极显著高于正常奶,而临床乳房炎奶和隐性乳房炎奶在所有检测指标上均无显著差异,但临床乳房炎奶比隐性乳房炎奶体细胞数高出约100万·mL-1.不同病原菌组成类型对乳中体细胞数和体细胞评分有极显著影响(P＜0.01),而对其它性状无显著影响(P＞0.05).混合感染奶牛测定日产奶量极显著低于单独感染奶牛(P＜0.01),同时乳中体细胞数显著高于单独感染奶牛(P＜0.01).乳房炎类型对乳中SCC的变化趋势有显著影响(P＜0.01),正常奶牛维持较低SCC的能力较强,隐性乳房炎奶牛在下一泌乳月体细胞增加的可能性较大.不同隐性乳房炎病原菌组成类型对乳中SCC的变化无显著影响.奶牛生产中隐性乳房炎发病率高,危害性也最大,不同病原菌混合感染引起的隐性乳房炎对测定日产奶量和乳中体细胞数影响最大.该结果为奶牛场采取合理措施,降低隐性乳房炎发生率提供了参考. 相似文献
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本研究调查了上海某奶牛场的乳房炎发病原因、发病情况、防治措施并进行了监测。在1382头泌乳牛中,患临床乳房炎的头数占全场泌乳牛的3.47%,患隐性乳房炎的乳区数占全场泌乳牛的17.49%。采集了100份乳房炎奶样进行细菌培养,分离出64株主要的病原菌,其中葡萄球菌属33株（包括3株金黄色葡萄球菌、30株凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌）,占分离菌株的51.56%;大肠杆菌12株,占分离菌株的18.75%;无乳链球菌14株,占分离菌株的21.87%;乳房链球菌5株,占分离菌株的7.81%。 相似文献
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奶牛乳房炎的综合防治措施 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
正奶牛乳房炎是奶牛的常见病、多发病,发病率为20%~50%,奶牛乳房炎轻则造成产奶量下降,重则失去泌乳机能,严重影响奶牛业的发展。奶牛乳房炎是一个十分复杂的疾病,引起原因主要是以下几个方面:1细菌感染引起乳房炎的细菌有无乳链球菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、停乳链球菌、乳房炎链球菌、大肠杆菌、支原 相似文献
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逯玉 《青海畜牧兽医杂志》2015,(2):30-31
用SCC体细胞计数法对西宁市某奶牛场48头奶牛进行了隐性乳房炎发病情况的调查。调查结果显示,15头被检奶牛和38个乳室的乳汁呈阳性反应,隐性乳房炎的头患病率和乳室患病率分别为31.2%和19.8%。该场奶牛隐性乳房炎发病率4~6胎以上显著高于其他胎次牛(P<0.01);2~4月份隐形乳房炎发病率高于其他阶段;第5、第6个泌乳月和第9个泌乳月以上牛感染阳性率极显著高于其它牛(P<0.01),。 相似文献
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Clinical mastitis in dairy cattle in Ontario: frequency of occurrence and bacteriological isolates. 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5 
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下载免费PDF全文 J M Sargeant H M Scott K E Leslie M J Ireland A Bashiri 《The Canadian veterinary journal. La revue veterinaire canadienne》1998,39(1):33-38
The objective of this study was to describe the frequency of occurrence of clinical mastitis in dairy herds in Ontario. The study group consisted of 65 dairy farms involved in a 2-year observational study, which included recording all clinical mastitis cases and milk sampling of quarters with clinical mastitis. Lactational incidence risks of 9.8% for abnormal milk only, 8.2% for abnormal milk with a hard or swollen udder, and 4.4% for abnormal milk plus systemic signs of illness related to mastitis were calculated for 2840 cows and heifers. Overall, 19.8% of cows experienced one or more cases of clinical mastitis during location. Teat injuries occurred in 2.1% of lactations. Standard bacteriology was performed on pretreatment milk samples from 834 cows with clinical mastitis. The bacteria isolated were Staphylococcus aureus (6.7%), Streptococcus agalactiae (0.7%), other Streptococcus spp. (14.1%), coliforms (17.2%), gram-positive bacilli (5.5%), Corynebacterium bovis (1.7%), and other Staphylococcus spp. (28.7%). There was no growth in 17.7% of samples, and 8.3% of samples were contaminated. Clinical mastitis is a common disease in dairy cows in Ontario; approximately 1 in 5 cow lactations have at lease one episode of clinical mastitis. There is, however, considerable variation in the incidence of clinical mastitis among farms. The majority of 1st cases of clinical mastitis occur early in lactation, and the risk of clinical mastitis increases with increasing parity. Environmental, contagious, and minor pathogens were all associated with cases of clinical mastitis. 相似文献
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R J Eberhart J M Buckalew 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》1977,171(7):630-634
In a dairy herd with a low incidence of intrammary infections due to Streptococcus agalactiae and Staphylococcus aureus, clinical mastitis remained a serious problem despite good control of nonclinical mastitis through postmilking teat disinfection and antibiotic therapy of known infected quarters at the end of lactation. During the 2-year study, the incidence of clinical mastitis was 0.88 cases/cow-year; 32.2% were caused by streptococcal species other than Str agalactiae and 33.5% by gram-negative organisms. Among all new infections detected, 54.1% were caused by streptococcal species other than Str agalactiae and 25.7% by gram-negative bacteria. Among new infections, 41.6% occurred during the nonlactating period or within a few days of calving. Incidence of clinical mastitis was highest in the 1st month of lactation. Among 84 gram-negative infections, 42.8% were caused by Klebsiella pneumoniae, 20.2% by Escherichia coli, and 23.8% by Enterobacter spp. Among the many serotypes of K pneumoniae and E coli, none was predominant. 相似文献
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Major causes of mastitis and associated risk factors in smallholder dairy farms in and around Hawassa, Southern Ethiopia 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
Abera M Habte T Aragaw K Asmare K Sheferaw D 《Tropical animal health and production》2012,44(6):1175-1179
A cross-sectional study was carried out from October 2008 to May 2009 in smallholder dairy farms in and around Hawassa to estimate the prevalence of mastitis, to isolate and characterize major bacterial pathogens, and to identify possible associated factors. The study involved a total of 201 milking cows randomly drawn from smallholder farms. The prevalence of clinical and subclinical mastitis was determined through clinical examination of the udder and using mastitis indicator paper (Bovivet indicator paper, Kruuse, Denmark). The prevalence of mastitis at cow and quarter level was 30.3 (61/201) and 10.3 (79/766), respectively. Subclinical mastitis was 25.4% and 5.0% was clinical. Stage of lactation significantly affected (P < 0.05) the prevalence of mastitis, with the highest prevalence observed in the late stage of lactation (41.3%) as compared to early (25.0%) and mid (22.1%) stages of lactation. Floor type and bedding had association (P < 0.05) with mastitis prevalence. Cows housed in concrete-floored houses had lower prevalence (19.0%) of mastitis compared to cows kept in soil-floored houses (47.6%). Mastitis prevalence was low in farms which do not use bedding (23.5%) as compared to farms using hay/straw bedding (37.4%). However, age, parity, and history of mastitis had no association (P > 0.05) on the prevalence of mastitis. The pathogens isolated from mastitic cows were Staphylococcus aureus (48.6%), other staphylococci species (15.7%), Streptococcus agalactiae (11.4%), other streptococci (17.1%), Bacillus species (2.9%), and coliforms (Escherichia coli and Klebsiella species) (4.3%). Strict hygienic measure of housing and bedding should be considered, in reducing the prevalence of mastitis. 相似文献
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The removal risk of Swedish Friesian dairy cows was analysed. The risk of removal increased with parity, and first parity cows were removed earlier in lactation than cows of higher parities. A positive report of clinical mastitis increased the risk of removal, both in the month of developing mastitis and during subsequent part of lactation. The consequences of different removal pattern for epidemiologic analyses of observational studies are discussed. 相似文献
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[目的]为了解北疆某牧场奶牛隐性乳房炎情况及分析其可能存在的风险因素。[方法]2020年1月至2022年9月通过加州乳房炎检测法（CMT）对该牧场在群泌乳牛进行隐性乳房炎调查,并初步分析该场可能存在的主要风险因素。[结果]该牧场2020—2022年各年奶牛隐性乳房炎平均阳性率分别为3.69%（110/2 980）、5.01%（150/2 993）和3.87%（86/2 220）;乳区阳性率分别为0.93%（110/11 856）、1.35%（160/11 880）和0.97%（86/8 860）;瞎乳头率分别为0.13%（16/11 920）、0.19%（23/11 972）和0.23%（20/8 880）;夏季隐性乳房炎阳性率明显高于其他季节,奶牛各乳区隐性乳房炎阳性率差异不显著（P>0.05）,不同胎次间的奶牛隐性乳房炎平均阳性率差异性显著（P<0.05）,5胎和6胎及以上牛的隐性乳房炎平均阳性率均明显高于其他胎次。[结论]该牧场奶牛隐性乳房炎发生率较低但仍需改善,夏季炎热潮湿的饲养环境和高龄奶牛更易发生热应激,奶牛身免疫力下降等原因可能是该牧场奶牛患乳房炎的主要风险因素。 相似文献
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为了掌握辽宁地区奶牛乳房炎主要细菌性病原种类及致奶牛乳房炎大肠杆菌药物敏感性特征,本研究选取辽宁地区某大型奶牛场75头临床表现为乳房炎的奶样进行细菌培养与分离,通过生化方法对分离到的细菌进行鉴定,并对分离到的奶牛源大肠杆菌进行体外药物敏感性试验研究。结果发现,该场奶牛乳房炎细菌性病原主要为大肠杆菌、葡萄球菌和链球菌,其检出率分别为58.7%、64.0%和54.7%,存在二重感染和三重感染等混合感染的情况。大肠杆菌药物敏感性试验结果表明,该场分离株对磺胺类药物（耐药率>85%）及氯霉素类药物（耐药率>30%）耐药性较高,对氨苄西林（9.5%）、环丙沙星（9.5%）、头孢噻呋（7.1%）和氧氟沙星（4.8%）比较敏感。上述研究结果为该地区奶牛乳房炎的防制提供可靠的理论依据。 相似文献
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YAO Wei YU Xue-wu CAO Dong ZHAO Xiao-tong GU Gui-bo CHEN Yao ZHANG Lei LIU Yao-chuan FENG Jun-ke 《中国畜牧兽医》2016,43(11):3080-3084
In order to understand the main bacterial pathogen species causing dairy cow mastitis in Liaoning, as well as the characteristics of drug sensitivity of the pathogenic E.coli,the milk samples from 75 dairy cows with clinical manifestations for mastitis in certain large-scale dairy farm in Liaoning were collected.The bacteria in milk were cultured and isolated with biochemical methods and in vitro drug sensitivity tests were processed with the isolated E.coli strains.The results showed that the main bacterial pathogen for dairy cow mastitis were E.coli（separation rate 58.7%),S.aureus（64.0%）and S.agalactiae（54.7%),and multiple infection including double and triple infection were identified.The drug sensitivity tests on the isolated E.coli indicated that the E.coli isolates were highly resistant to sulfonamides（resistance rate>85%）and chloramphenicol（resistance rate>30%),and they were relatively low resistant to ampicillin（9.5%),ciprofloxacin（9.5%),ceftiofur（7.1%）and ofloxacin（4.8%).The results was able to provide reliable theoretical basis for prevention and control of dairy cow mastitis in Liaoning area. 相似文献
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在对山东7个地区14个奶牛场临床型和隐性乳腺炎调查的基础上采集234头临床乳腺炎病牛乳样、241个隐性乳腺炎乳样并分别做了细菌学检查,结果表明:泌乳期临床型乳腺炎病原菌以凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、链球菌、酵母菌和棒状杆菌为主;干奶期临床型乳腺炎病原菌以大肠杆菌、链球菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌和酵母菌为主;隐性乳腺炎病原菌以凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌、金黄色葡萄球菌链球菌、酵母菌、假单胞菌和棒状杆菌为主;厌氧菌在隐性乳腺炎、干奶期乳腺炎和干奶期乳腺炎乳样的捡出率分别为 5．82％,4．17%,10．16％;隐性乳腺炎、干奶期乳腺炎细菌的共感染率较高,与泌乳期乳腺炎病原菌的差异极显著(P<0．01),隐性乳腺炎与干奶期乳腺炎病原菌共感染率差异不显著(P >0．05)。 相似文献
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Burvenich C Van Merris V Mehrzad J Diez-Fraile A Duchateau L 《Veterinary research》2003,34(5):521-564
Intramammary infections of dairy cows with Gram-positive bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus (major cause of mastitis) have received a lot of attention because of their major economic impact on the dairy farm through production losses induced by an increase in somatic cell count. Management strategies, including greater awareness for efficient milking and hygienic measures, have limited the spread of Gram-positive bacteria and resulted in a significant decrease of proportion of S. aureus isolates and subclinical mastitis worldwide. Other organisms such as coliform subspecies and Streptococcus uberis, both environmental bacteria that cause clinical mastitis, have received less attention. Escherichia coli causes inflammation of the mammary gland in dairy cows around parturition and during early lactation with striking local and sometimes severe systemic clinical symptoms. This disease affects many high producing cows in dairy herds and may cause several cases of death per year in the most severe cases. It is well known that bacterial, cow and environmental factors are interdependent and influence mastitis susceptibility. Many studies, executed during the last decade, indicate that the severity of E. coli mastitis is mainly determined by cow factors rather than by E. coli pathogenicity. During E. coli mastitis, the host defense status is a cardinal factor determining the outcome of the disease. Today, we know that the neutrophil is a key factor in the cows' defense against intramammary infection with E. coli. Effective elimination of the pathogen by neutrophils is important for the resolution of infection and the outcome of E. coli mastitis. This review is a compilation of some major findings over the last 15 years concerning mainly host factors that modulate and influence neutrophil function and the mammary inflammatory reaction. The individual chapters address: virulence factors of E. coli strains, how neutrophils kill E. coli, connection between endotoxins, tumor necrosis factor-alpha and nitric oxide, severity classification of E. coli mastitis, lifespan of neutrophils, host factors that influence severity, tissue damage and production loss. 相似文献