共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 125 毫秒
1.
以成熟叶老鹰茶为原料,在单因素试验的基础上,以总黄酮得率为指标,采用响应面法优化微波辅助提取其总黄酮的最佳工艺条件,并通过老鹰茶总黄酮对1,1-二苯基苦基苯肼自由基(DPPH·)的清除和铁离子还原能力(FRAP)来评价其抗氧化能力。结果表明,经过优化后的工艺参数为:成熟叶老鹰茶1 g微波时间61 s,微波功率560 W,液料比10∶1(mL∶g),乙醇体积分数80.3%,此条件下总黄酮得率为6.52%。成熟叶老鹰茶总黄酮具有较强的DPPH·清除和铁离子还原能力,质量浓度20 g/L时,DPPH·清除率66.66%,铁离子还原能力相当于2.05 mmol/L FeSO4,并呈一定的量效关系。 相似文献
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超声波辅助萃取法提取乌药叶黄酮类化合物的工艺研究 总被引：3，自引：3，他引：0
以乌药叶为原料,用均匀设计试验法优化了乌药叶总黄酮(FL)的超声波提取工艺,考察了乙醇体积分数、液固比、超声波功率和超声波作用时间4个因素对乌药叶总黄酮提取率的影响,确立了乌药叶总黄酮的优化超声波提取工艺条件为:5 g乌药叶粉,超声波作用时间18 min,超声波功率250 W,乙醇体积分数40%,液固比10∶1(mL∶g),测得乌药叶总黄酮得率为2.13%。对超声波提取进行了数学模拟,模拟值与试验结果吻合良好。 相似文献
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《热带农业科技》2015,(4)
采用超声波辅助提取辣木叶总黄酮,并利用响应面法对提取工艺参数进行优化。首先通过单因素试验分别考察超声波提取的料液比、提取时间、提取温度和提取功率对辣木叶总黄酮提取率的影响,确定各因素的适宜水平;在此基础上进行四因素三水平的Box-Behnken中心组合设计法设计响应面试验,分析不同因素、不同水平对辣木叶总黄酮得率的影响。超声辅助提取辣木叶总黄酮的最佳提取工艺条件为:料液比1∶35(g/m L)、提取时间40 min、提取温度52℃、功率210 W,在此条件下辣木叶总黄酮提取率的预测值为5.082%,验证试验所得总黄酮含量为5.17%,所得回归模型拟合情况良好。 相似文献
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以虎杖果实为原料,采用微波程序控温控压辅助乙醇-硫酸铵双水相萃取白藜芦醇与大黄素,对比了该方法与微波辅助提取、微波辅助双水相萃取对提取得率和纯度的影响,并进一步通过红外光谱分析产物结构。结果表明:料液比1∶20(g∶m L)、相分离系数0.5的乙醇-(NH4)2SO4双水相体系,程序控温分为5级,依次为室温、40、50、60和70℃,对应控压为137.9、344.75、689.5、1 034.25、1 379 k Pa,每级微波辐射1.2 min后间歇5 min,进行微波功率自动连续调整,在此条件下虎杖果实中白藜芦醇与大黄素得率为0.694%与2.067%,纯度分别为82.68%与87.25%,提取效果明显优于微波辅助提取和微波辅助双水相萃取,且不会引起生物活性物质失活或变性。该方法能显著提高虎杖果实中白藜芦醇与大黄素提取得率,稳定性好、重复性好、精密度高、回收率高,同时又能简化其分离纯化工艺,降低生产成本,因此该方法适合用于虎杖果实中白藜芦醇与大黄素的提取分离。 相似文献
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超声波辅助提取旱柳树叶中的总黄酮 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以旱柳落叶为原料,60 % 乙醇(质量分数,下同)为提取剂,芦丁为标准对照品,研究探索了柳叶中总黄酮的溶剂提取法和超声波辅助提取法的最佳提取条件,并对两种提取方法的提取效果进行了比较.试验表明,溶剂提取法的最佳提取条件为:0.3 g柳叶粉末以60 %乙醇为溶剂,料液比1:35(g:mL,下同),65 ℃提取3次,每次75 min,总黄酮得率3.83%;超声波辅助提取的最佳条件为:0.3 g柳叶粉末以60%乙醇为溶剂,料液比1:35,超声波功率400 W,超声波处理3次,每次30 min,总黄酮得率4.26%.超声波辅助提取比单纯的溶剂提取缩短了60 %的提取时间,得率却提高了11.23 %. 相似文献
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微波辅助提取酸枣仁皂苷A的工艺优化 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
为了优化微波辅助提取酸枣仁皂苷A的工艺,采用单因素试验和L9(34)正交试验设计,研究了提取条件对酸枣仁皂苷A产率的影响。结果表明酸枣仁皂苷A的最佳提取工艺为:5 g酸枣仁粉末用体积分数70%乙醇提取2次,提取温度60℃,提取时间8 min,液固比16∶1(mL∶g),微波功率800 W,此条件下酸枣仁皂苷A的得率为0.526 mg/g。与其它传统提取方法相比,微波辅助提取在获得较高提取得率的同时,能有效缩短提取时间,节约资源,显示了良好的应用前景。 相似文献
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《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(5):427-435
In Scandinavia, moose (Alces alces L.) sometimes cause severe browsing damage to economically-important pine. Moose-vehicle accidents have spurred construction of fences along roads, and these may interfere with moose migration between summer and winter ranges, or the road alone may be a barrier. If this happens and moose build up along roads, landowners may suffer economically. Therefore, this study investigated whether roads, fences or other factors influence the use of young pine stands by moose. Eighty stands along roads in northern Sweden were evaluated in which individually-browsed branches were counted on 9972 pines. Moose browsing was not significantly related to birch (Betula pendula Roth, B. pubescens Ehrh.) density, nor did it differ between pines (Pinus contorta Douglas or P. sylvestris L.). However, increased pine density, site productivity and proximity to a highway were associated with increased browsing. Further large-scale studies are needed to understand moose habitat selection and the effects of roads. 相似文献
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《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(3):206-217
The root systems of 2-yr-old Picea glauca, Picea mariana and Pinus banksiana seedlings were submitted to various frost temperatures during an artificial frost to induce different levels of root damage. Frost-damaged and control seedlings were placed in a greenhouse under high and low soil moisture regimes. Seedling growth and physiology were evaluated periodically. Seedling survival was reduced when root damage reached levels of 60-80%. Root systems of all three species showed partial to total recovery by the end of the experiment. In general, root freezing damage caused reductions in seedling growth, with these reductions becoming less significant over time. Root damage had little to no effect on black spruce and jack pine seedling physiology, while white spruce CO 2 uptake decreased with increasing root damage. Shoot nitrogen content of all three species decreased slightly with increasing root damage. 相似文献
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Contour hedgerows of multipurpose tree species in the sloping tea lands of Sri Lanka are expected to reduce soil erosion and
also add significant amounts of plant nutrients to the soil via periodic prunings. The objective of this experiment was to characterize the biomass decomposition pattern and quantify the
amount of nutrients added through prunings of six tree species (Calliandra calothyrsus, Senna spectabilis, Euphatorium innulifolium, Flemingia congesta, Gliricidia sepium and Tithonia diversifolia) currently being used in hedgerows associated with tea. Withered leaf and stem prunings (50 g) were enclosed in 2-mm litter
bags, placed at 5-cm depth and retrieved after one, three, six, nine and 12 weeks. Loss of initial dry weight, N, P and K
was measured. Single exponential decay function adequately described both dry weight and nutrient loss. Tree species differed
significantly in their rate of breakdown with decomposition constants (k) varying from 0.0299 to 0.2006 week−1 for leaves and from 0.0225 to 0.0633 week−1 for stems. Gliricidia showed the highest k for leaves with the rest in the following descending order: Senna > Tithonia ≥ Euphatorium > Calliandra > Flemingia. A similar pattern was observed for loss of all nutrients with Calliandra and Flemingia always having lower k values than the rest. Although N immobilization was not observed, immobilization of P and K was observed
during the first week of incubation in some species, particularly in stem prunings. Annual biomass of prunings differed significantly
between tree species in the following descending order: Calliandra > Senna > Flemingia > Tithonia > Gliricidia > Euphatorium. Calliandra added the greatest amount of nutrients annually to the soil with Euphatorium adding the least. Calliandra prunings provided the annual total K requirement and 49% of the N requirement of mature tea. However, none of the species
provided more than 5% of the P requirement. It is concluded that among the tree species tested, Calliandra and Flemingia are the most suitable for contour hedgerows in tea plantations of this agroclimatic region because of their higher soil nutrient
enrichment capacity and slower decomposition rates which would minimize leaching losses.
This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
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《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(1):53-61
This study investigated the stand structure in pine, spruce and deciduous forests in the border district of Finland and Russia. A total of 46 mature forest stands was selected as pairs, the members of each pair being as similar as possible with respect to their forest site type, age, moisture and topography. The stands were then compared between the two countries by means of basal areas and number of stems. The proportions of dominating tree species were 2-12% lower, and correspondingly the proportions of secondary tree species higher, in Russian forests. The density of the forest stock was also higher in each forest type in Russia. The forests in the two countries differed most radically in terms of the abundance of dead trees. The amount was two to four times higher in Russian deciduous and spruce forests, and in pine forests the difference was 10-fold. The stand structures indicated that Russian coniferous stands, in particular, were more heterogeneous than intensively managed pine and spruce stands in Finland. 相似文献
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《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(1):15-27
The root collar diameter and the height:diameter ratio are of particular importance in container-grown seedlings where a high density in the containers may produce spindly seedlings. Temperature regimes and light quality are known to affect plant growth. The aim of this study was to identify responses in Picea abies (L.) Karst. seedlings grown with light providing different red:far-red ratios and under temperature regimes with alternating day (DT) and night temperature (NT) from negative (DT < NT) to positive (DT > NT) difference (DIF) between DT and NT. Experiments were conducted in controlled environment chambers and in a daylight phytotron. Only limited thermoperiodic responses appeared in P . abies seedlings with respect to seedling height and dry weight accumulation. The formation of terminal buds, however, was clearly delayed in seedlings grown at negative DIF. The results indicate a requirement for day extension light that is high in far-red, to prevent terminal bud formation under natural short-day conditions. An extended study should be conducted to clarify the minimum level of light intensity and the optimal light quality needed to prevent terminal bud formation under natural short-day conditions. 相似文献
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Astra Zaluma Lauma Bruna Darta Klavina Natalija Burnevica Kristine Kenigsvalde Andis Lazdins Talis Gaitnieks 《Forest Pathology》2019,49(6)
Heterobasidion parviporum and Heterobasidion annosum are widely distributed root‐rot fungi that infect conifers throughout Europe. Infection of conifer stumps by spores of these pathogens can be controlled by treating fresh stumps with a competing non‐pathogenic fungus, Phlebiopsis gigantea. In this study, growth of three Latvian strains of P. gigantea and the biological control agent ‘Rotstop’ strain was evaluated in stem pieces of Norway spruce, Scots pine, lodgepole pine, Douglas‐fir, Weymouth pine, Siberian larch and Sitka spruce. The growth rates of one H. parviporum and one H. annosum isolate were also measured in the same stem pieces. The growth rate of P. gigantea varied greatly in wood of different conifer species. It was higher in the three pine species, lower in Norway spruce and lowest in Sitka spruce and Siberian larch, and in Douglas‐fir, this fungus did not grow. The largest area of wood occupied by P. gigantea was in lodgepole pine. Growth of Latvian isolates of P. gigantea in the wood of Pinus and Picea species was comparable to that of the Rotstop isolate. Consequently, stump treatment with local P. gigantea isolates should be recommended. However, our results suggest that Douglas‐fir stump treatment against Heterobasidion by P. gigantea may be ineffective and other stump treatment methods should be considered. 相似文献
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《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(2):118-130
The effects of seed weight and seed type on seedling growth of Pinus sylvestris (L.) were studied by seeding individually weighed orchard and stand seed in different mixtures under harsh (direct seeding in field) and optimal (seeding in nursery) conditions. In the nursery experiment an increase in the seed weight from 3 to 7 mg increased the seedling height by 10-27% and total weight by 27-113%, and decreased the height/diameter ratio by 5-6% after 2 yrs. With elimination of seed weight effects, orchard seedlings were 2% taller than stand seedlings in year 2. Without elimination of seed weight effects, orchard seedlings were 7-13% taller. In the field experiment an increase in the seed weight from 3 to 7 mg increased seedling height by 18-65%, stem volume by 81-274% and the number of top-buds by 23-34% in year 5. After elimination of seed weight effects, orchard seedlings were 7-13% taller than stand seedlings and without elimination of seed weight effects 20-21% taller after 5 yrs. Even after elimination of both seed weight and genetic effects orchard seedlings were 3-9% larger than stand seedlings in the field experiment. In conclusion, the influence of seed weight and seed type on growth traits and slenderness is highly significant and the influence seems to be greater in harsh conditions. 相似文献
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本文分析了CAD在设计中引起的正面和负面影响,并进行了系统的阐述,从而使设计者在应用中能够保持客观的态度。 相似文献
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Steven Maranz Amadou Niang Antoine Kalinganire Djeneba Konaté Bocary Kaya 《Agroforestry Systems》2008,72(3):231-239
Baobab leaves form an important part of the local diet in Sahel countries and elsewhere in Africa. Existing leaf nutritional
data and agroforestry performance information are based solely on Adansonia digitata L., the baobab of continental Africa. The introduction potential of Adansonia species from the center of diversity in Madagascar and from Australia remains untapped. To assess this potential, the mineral
contents and B1 and B2 vitamin levels of dried baobab leaves were determined for five-year old trees of A. digitata, A. gibbosa (A. Cunn.) Guymer ex D. Baum, A. rubrostipa Jum. & H. Perrier (syn. A. fony Baill.), A. perrieri Capuron and A. za Baill. grown in an introduction trial in Mali. Nutritional data were evaluated against survival and vigor to identify promising
germplasm. Leaf vitamin and crude protein contents were highest in the Madagascar species, especially A. rubrostipa (B1 88 mg 100 g−1, B2 187 mg 100 g−1, protein 20.7% dry weight). However, the local species far outperformed the introductions in survival, tree height, basal
diameter and resistance to termites. We suggest grafting as a way of harnessing the vigor of well-adapted local baobab varieties
to the superior nutritional profiles of A. rubrostipa and others. Cross-species grafting tests in Adansonia were successful, thus creating new agroforestry possibilities with different scion/rootstock combinations. 相似文献
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《Wood material science & engineering》2013,8(2):76-84
Abstract Wood in general and wooden studs in particular are often distorted owing to uneven shrinkage during the drying process in the sawmill. Twist is often the most detrimental of all types of distortion, and it is caused by spiral grain in combination with variations in moisture content. For sawmills, the objective is to produce dried, straight boards, and one method of dealing with boards with excessive spiral grain is to sort them out and then dry them in a pretwisted position to obtain straight boards after drying. A model using the finite element (FE) method for the simulation of drying twist distortions was first calibrated against laboratory experiments in which boards were dried with and without restraints and pretwists. After the calibration, the FE results were compared with industrial test results for boards that were dried without restraints or with restraints with zero pretwist, i.e. straight restraints. The FE model used an elastic–ideally plastic material model to obtain permanent deformations. The calibration was to set the yield stresses so that there was a good match between FE results and results from the laboratory experiments. The comparison between the industrial test results and the FE results showed that the FE model is capable of realistic simulations of drying boards with and without restraints and presumably also pretwists. 相似文献