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1.
盐胁迫对蒙桑种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
为研究盐胁迫对蒙桑种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响,共设置0、20、30、50、70、100 mmol·L-1六个NaCl浓度梯度,对蒙桑种子及幼苗进行胁迫处理,测定蒙桑种子的萌发指标和蒙桑幼苗的生理指标,阐述其应对盐胁迫的响应变化特征。结果表明:①随着NaCl浓度的升高,蒙桑种子的萌发率、发芽指数均显著下降;胚根长度、胚芽长度在20 mmol·L-1时受到抑制,胚根生长速度在30 mmol·L-1时受到抑制;在盐胁迫条件下,活力指数与耐盐指数均呈下降趋势,且在NaCl浓度为20 mmol·L-1时,二者均下降至对照的50%左右。②对种子萌发指标、活力指数指标及幼苗生长指标与盐浓度进行相关性和回归分析,发现蒙桑种子发芽率、活力指数、胚根长度、胚根生长速度的耐盐临界值分别为2.55、59.71、2.42、0.67 mmol·L-1。③随着NaCl溶液浓度的增加,蒙桑幼苗丙二醛（malondialdehyde,MDA）含量、可溶性蛋白质（soluble protein,SP）含量、游离脯氨酸（free proline,Pro）含量、相对电导率均显著上升;超氧化物歧化酶（superoxide dismutase,SOD）活性在50 mmol·L-1 NaCl浓度时显著下降;可溶性糖（soluble sugar,SS）含量呈现震荡上升的趋势。因此,盐胁迫下蒙桑种子萌发和幼苗生长均受到一定程度的抑制,但幼苗可通过调节自身有机渗透物质及提高保护酶活性主动适应逆境,表现出较强抗盐能力。研究结果为蒙桑在盐碱地区的育苗推广提供理论基础,并对培育和保护抗盐植物资源以及盐碱地带植物种群的重建和植被恢复提供科学依据。 相似文献
2.
K Bendtzen T Mandrup-Poulsen J Nerup J H Nielsen C A Dinarello M Svenson 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1986,232(4757):1545-1547
Activated mononuclear cells appear to be important effector cells in autoimmune beta cell destruction leading to insulin-dependent (type 1) diabetes mellitus. Conditioned medium from activated mononuclear cells (from human blood) is cytotoxic to isolated rat and human islets of Langerhans. This cytotoxic activity was eliminated from crude cytokine preparations by adsorption with immobilized, purified antibody to interleukin-1 (IL-1). The islet-inhibitory activity and the IL-1 activity (determined by its comitogenic effect on thymocytes) were recovered by acid wash. Purified natural IL-1 and recombinant IL-1 derived from the predominant pI 7 form of human IL-1, consistently inhibited the insulin response. The pI 6 and pI 5 forms of natural IL-1 were ineffective. Natural and recombinant IL-1 exhibited similar dose responses in their islet-inhibitory effect and their thymocyte-stimulatory activity. Concentrations of IL-1 that inhibited islet activity were in the picomolar range. Hence, monocyte-derived pI 7 IL-1 may contribute to islet cell damage and therefore to the development of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. 相似文献
3.
Recognition of HLA-A2 by cytotoxic T lymphocytes after DNA transfer into human and murine cells 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
M van de Rijn C Bernabeu B Royer-Pokora J Weiss J G Seidman J de Vries H Spits C Terhorst 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1984,226(4678):1083-1085
A gene coding for the major histocompatibility antigen HLA-A2 was transferred into human HLA-A2 negative M1 cells and murine L cells. Following transfection, these cells expressed molecules at the cell surface that are biochemically indistinguishable from HLA-A2 antigens on the human cell line JY from which the HLA-A2 gene was isolated. The M1A2 cells were recognized and lysed by a cytolytic T-cell clone specific for HLA-A2. The transfected L cells which express HLA-A2 in association with human beta 2-microglobulin were not lysed by this T-cell clone. The specific cytolysis of M1A2 cells could be inhibited by monoclonal antibodies to HLA-A2, and monoclonal antibodies to T3, T8, and LFA-1 on cytotoxic T lymphocytes. These results suggest that killing by allospecific T cells requires HLA-A2 antigens as well as other species-specific structures on the target cell surface. 相似文献
4.
以人参单体皂苷Rg1和Rb1为试验材料,以同翅目桃蚜为试验昆虫,测定了桃蚜取食单体皂苷后解毒酶及乙酰胆碱酯酶活性,比较了Rg1和Rb1对酶活性的影响。结果表明:Rg1和Rb1对桃蚜取食有显著抑制作用,在较低浓度时对桃蚜体内解毒酶活性有抑制作用。处理24 h后,Rg1对桃蚜体内谷胱甘肽-S-转移酶、多功能氧化酶、羧酸酯酶、乙酰胆碱酯酶有显著抑制作用。处理48 h后,Rb1对桃蚜体内的多功能氧化酶、羧酸酯酶、乙酰胆碱酯酶有明显的抑制作用;且Rg1对桃蚜解毒酶的抑制作用比Rb1显著;Rg1和Rb1有诱导酶活性增强的作用,打破了桃蚜体内解毒酶活性均衡。研究结果可为植物害虫的生物防治及新农药开发提供参考。 相似文献
5.
Endoreduplication is an endonuclear chromosome duplication that occurs in the absence of mitosis and in Zea mays (L.) is required for endosperm development. Induction of DNA synthesis during early stages of endosperm development is maintained by increasing the amount and activity of S phase-related protein kinases, which was demonstrated here by their ability to interact with human E2F or with the adenovirus E1A proteins. In addition it was shown that endoreduplicated endosperm cells contain an inhibitor that suppresses the activity of the M phase-promoting factor (MPF). These results demonstrate that in maize endosperm, endoreduplication proceeds as a result of two events, inhibition of MPF and induction of S phase-related protein kinases. 相似文献
6.
Production of mammastatin, a tissue-specific growth inhibitor, by normal human mammary cells 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
The growth of human mammary cells may be regulated by a balance between growth stimulatory and growth inhibitory pathways. Polypeptides of 47 and 65 kilodaltons (mammastatin) were isolated from conditioned medium of normal human mammary cells. Monoclonal antibodies against mammastatin were generated that blocked its activity and were used for purification and further characterization of the protein. Mammastatin inhibited the growth of 5 transformed human mammary cell lines, but had no effect on the growth of 11 transformed human cell lines derived from nonmammary tissues. Mammastatin appeared to be a heat-labile protein distinct from transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta). By immunoperoxidase staining it was detected in cultured normal human mammary cells, but was decreased in transformed mammary cells. 相似文献
7.
Delayed hypersensitivity in man: a correlate in vitro and transfer by an RNA extract 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
D E Thor 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1967,157(796):1567-1569
The migration of sensitized human monocytic-phagocytic cells from lymph-node tissue-culture suspensions was regularly and specifically inhibited by purified protein derivative or histoplasmin. Moreover, when nonsensitive cells were incubated with an RNA extract from lymph nodes of donors sensitive to purified protein derivative, histoplasmin, or both, the migration of these cells was specifically inhibited by these antigens. Ribonuclease inactivated the RNA extract. 相似文献
8.
Participation of c-myc protein in DNA synthesis of human cells 总被引：34，自引：0，他引：34
The protein product of oncogene c-myc is believed to be important in regulation of the cell cycle. However, its direct role in DNA synthesis has not been explored. Experiments presented here show that the addition of affinity-purified antibodies against the human c-myc protein to nuclei isolated from several types of human cells reversibly inhibited DNA synthesis and DNA polymerase activity of these nuclei. This suggests that c-myc encodes a protein that is functionally involved in DNA synthesis. 相似文献
9.
10.
Red Fuji apple (Malus domestica Borkh var. Red Fuji) fruits were used to study the effect of 1-MCP on ethylene biosynthesis metabolism during storage. The results showed that 1-MCP maintained the firmness and inhibited the respiration rate, LOX activity and ethylene production rate of fruits. Further study indicated that 1-MCP inhibited ACS (ACC synthase) activity from the 15th day, increased ACC accumulation,and delayed the appearance of ACO (ACC oxidase) activity peak. The increase of protein kinase activity was also inhibited by 1-MCP during fruit ethylene climacteric time. 相似文献
11.
Evidence for a malarial parasite interaction site on the major transmembrane protein of the human erythrocyte 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
Soluble oligosaccharides derived from the surface of human erythrocytes were tested for their ability to competitively inhibit invasion of erythrocytes by Plasmodium falciparum, a malarial parasite. Invasion was most effectively inhibited by erythroglycan, a carbohydrate component of the band 3 transmembrane protein. The lactosamine chains of erythroglycan contributed much of the inhibitory activity. This indication of a primary parasite interaction site on band 3 supports a role for this protein in mediating the radical alterations of the erythrocyte cytoskeleton that accompany invasion. 相似文献
12.
目的:探讨PTEN磷酸酶活性对ZR-75-1人乳腺癌细胞迁移及粘着斑激酶磷酸化水平的影响。方法:用有和无磷酸酶活性的两种PTEN表达质粒(W t和G 129)转染人乳腺癌细胞株ZR-75-1,用人工基底膜侵袭试验检测其转染前后的迁移能力,以W estern-b lot检测未转染的ZR-75-1和两种表达质粒的ZR-75-1磷酸化粘着斑激酶水平。结果:转染后有磷酸酶活性、无磷酸酶活细胞与未转染ZR-75-1细胞间侵袭抑制率、运动抑制率差异有显著性(P<0.01)。各组细胞间总FAK(粘着斑激酶)水平无明显差异,而W T-PTEN与G 129和ZR-75-1组FAK 397位酪氨酸磷化水平有明显差异。结论:PTEN具有抑制乳腺癌细胞ZR-75-1转移的作用,其机制可能与PTEN使FAK去磷酸化有关。 相似文献
13.
Contribution of human alpha-defensin 1, 2, and 3 to the anti-HIV-1 activity of CD8 antiviral factor 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Zhang L Yu W He T Yu J Caffrey RE Dalmasso EA Fu S Pham T Mei J Ho JJ Zhang W Lopez P Ho DD 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2002,298(5595):995-1000
It has been known since 1986 that CD8 T lymphocytes from certain HIV-1-infected individuals who are immunologically stable secrete a soluble factor, termed CAF, that suppresses HIV-1 replication. However, the identity of CAF remained elusive despite an extensive search. By means of a protein-chip technology, we identified a cluster of proteins that were secreted when CD8 T cells from long-term nonprogressors with HIV-1 infection were stimulated. These proteins were identified as alpha-defensin 1, 2, and 3 on the basis of specific antibody recognition and amino acid sequencing. CAF activity was eliminated or neutralized by an antibody specific for human alpha-defensins. Synthetic and purified preparations of alpha-defensins also inhibited the replication of HIV-1 isolates in vitro. Taken together, our results indicate that alpha-defensin 1, 2, and 3 collectively account for much of the anti-HIV-1 activity of CAF that is not attributable to beta-chemokines. 相似文献
14.
西洋参皂苷对高脂肪食小鼠脂肪和胰脂肪酶活性的影响 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
通过体外、体内试验研究了西洋参总皂苷、单体皂苷对胰脂肪酶活性及小鼠体重和子宫周围脂肪组织重的影响。体外试验结果表明：西洋参茎叶总皂苷为0．5g/L时，对胰脂肪酶活性的抑制率为90％；人参皂苷Rc，Rb1，Rb2对胰脂肪酶活性均显示很强的抑制作用，当质量浓度为0．5g/L时抑制率分别为100％、96％、97％；体内试验结果表明：西洋参茎叶皂苷对体重影响变化不大，但可以明显降低子宫周围脂肪质量。这说明西洋参茎叶总皂苷和人参皂苷Rc，Rb1，Rb2可以抑制胰脂肪酶活性。因此西洋参茎叶总皂苷的抗肥胖作用可能是由于西洋参总皂苷中的人参皂苷Rc，Rb1，Rb2抑制小肠吸收食物脂肪的结果。 相似文献
15.
Lysosphingolipids potently and reversibly inhibited protein kinase C activity and binding of phorbol dibutyrate in vitro and in human platelets. As with activation of protein kinase C by phosphatidylserine and sn-1,2-diacylglycerol, inhibition was subject to surface dilution. Accordingly, inhibition in mixed micelle assays was dependent on the molar percentage of lysosphingolipids rather than the bulk concentration. Lysosphingolipids inhibited protein kinase C activity at molar percentages similar to those required for activation by phosphatidylserine and sn-1,2-diacylglycerol. Since lysosphingolipids accumulate in Krabbe's disease, Gaucher's disease, and other sphingolipidoses, the hypothesis that lysosphingolipid inhibition of protein kinase C represents the missing functional link between the accumulation of sphingolipids and the pathogenesis of these disorders appears to unify existing data. The accumulation of lysosphingolipids would cause progressive dysfunction of signal transduction mechanisms vital for neural transmission, differentiation, development, and proliferation and would eventually lead to cell death. 相似文献
16.
Release of multiple hormones by a direct action of interleukin-1 on pituitary cells 总被引：29，自引：0，他引：29
E W Bernton J E Beach J W Holaday R C Smallridge H G Fein 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1987,238(4826):519-521
Exposure to bacterial endotoxins has long been known to stimulate the release of anterior pituitary hormones; administration of endotoxin was at one time a common clinical test of anterior pituitary function. Endotoxin is a potent stimulus for production of the endogenous pyrogenic protein, interleukin-1 (IL-1), by macrophages and monocytes. The possibility that IL-1 has a direct effect on the secretion of hormones by rat pituitary cells in a monolayer culture was investigated. Recombinant human IL-1 beta stimulated the secretion of adrenocorticotropic hormone, luteinizing hormone, growth hormone, and thyroid-stimulating hormone. Increased hormone secretion into culture supernatants was found with IL-1 concentrations ranging from 10(-9) M to 10(-12) M. Prolactin secretion by the monolayers was inhibited by similar doses. These concentrations of IL-1 are within the range reported for IL-1 in serum, suggesting that IL-1 generated peripherally by mononuclear immune cells may act directly on anterior pituitary cells to modulate hormone secretion in vivo. Incubation of IL-1 solutions with antibody to IL-1 neutralized these actions. These pituitary effects of IL-1 suggest that this monokine may be an important regulator of the metabolic adaptations to infectious stressors. 相似文献
17.
The acrosomal proteinase of human spermatozoa was characterized and differs from other human proteinases. The enzyme has optimal activity at pH 8.0, is inactive below pH 5.0 or above pH 10.5, requires calcium for maximum activity, hydrolyzes fibrinogen, gelatin, and benzoylarginine ethyl ester, and is inhibited by various synthetic and natural proteinase inhibitors. The molecular weight was estimated to be 30,000. Human spermatozoa also possess a proteinase inhibitor that is similar to one of the proteinase inhibitors from human seminal plasma. 相似文献
18.
Wang Z Shen D Parsons DW Bardelli A Sager J Szabo S Ptak J Silliman N Peters BA van der Heijden MS Parmigiani G Yan H Wang TL Riggins G Powell SM Willson JK Markowitz S Kinzler KW Vogelstein B Velculescu VE 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2004,304(5674):1164-1166
Tyrosine phosphorylation, regulated by protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs) and kinases (PTKs), is important in signaling pathways underlying tumorigenesis. A mutational analysis of the tyrosine phosphatase gene superfamily in human cancers identified 83 somatic mutations in six PTPs (PTPRF, PTPRG, PTPRT, PTPN3, PTPN13, PTPN14), affecting 26% of colorectal cancers and a smaller fraction of lung, breast, and gastric cancers. Fifteen mutations were nonsense, frameshift, or splice-site alterations predicted to result in truncated proteins lacking phosphatase activity. Five missense mutations in the most commonly altered PTP (PTPRT) were biochemically examined and found to reduce phosphatase activity. Expression of wild-type but not a mutant PTPRT in human cancer cells inhibited cell growth. These observations suggest that the mutated tyrosine phosphatases are tumor suppressor genes, regulating cellular pathways that may be amenable to therapeutic intervention. 相似文献
19.
转染抑癌基因PTEN对人乳腺癌ZR-75-1细胞的细胞周期和增殖能力的影响 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
目的：观察PTEN（phosphatase and tensin homology deleted on chromosome ten，第10号染色体上磷酸酶和张力蛋白同源缺失的基因）对人乳腺癌细胞ZR-75-1细胞增殖和细胞周期的影响。方法；利用脂质体介导法将携带有野生型和突变型PTEN cDNA的真核表达载体pBP—wt—PTEN和pBP—G129R—PTEN导八人乳腺癌ZR-75-1细胞（质粒转染成功后实验分为C—WT—PTEN组、CG129R—PTEN组和未转染质粒组即对照组）后，以RT—PCR、Western blot分析目的基因的表达，并采用MTT法和流式细胞术检测细胞增殖和细胞周期。结果：C—WT—PTEN组、C—G129R—PTEN组细胞PTEN mRNA及PTEN蛋白出现明显的高表达。C—WT—PTEN组细胞生长的抑制率可高达42．7％，与对照组比较．差异有显著性（P〈0．05）。但C—G129R—PTEN组细胞生长的抑制率与对照组比较，差异无显著性（P〉0．05）。流式细胞术显示C—WT—PTEN组细胞周期从G1期到S期已发生抑制。结论：野生型PTEN可依赖其磷酸酶活性抑制肿瘤细胞的增殖,并最终诱导细胞凋亡。 相似文献
20.
The M43 domain-containing metalloprotease RcMEP1 in Rhizoctonia cerealis is a pathogenicity factor during the fungus infection to wheat 
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下载免费PDF全文 Wheat(Triticum aestivum L.) is an important staple crop for global human. The necrotrophic fungus Rhizoctonia cerealis is the causal pathogen of sharp eyespot, a devastating disease of wheat. Herein, we identified RcMEP1, a zinc metalloproteaseencoding gene from R. cerealis genomic sequences, and characterized its pathogenesis function. RcMEP1 expressed at markedly-high levels during R. cerealis infection process to wheat. The predicted protein RcMEP1 comprises of 287 amino acid residues and contains a signal peptide and a M43 metalloprotease domain harboring the active site motif(HEVGHWLGLYH). The assays of Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transient expression in Nicotiana benthamiana leaves indicated that RcMEP1 is an apoplastic elicitor of cell death, and that the predicted signal peptide functions and is required for secretion and cell death-induction. The purified RcMEP1 protein and its M43 domain peptide were individually able to induce plant cell death and H2 O2 accumulation, and to inhibit expression of host chitinases when infiltrated into wheat and N. benthamiana leaves, while the M43 domain-deleting peptide and negative control lacked the capacity. Moreover, compared with the control pretreatment, the purified RcMEP1 protein or its M43-domain peptide resulted in enhanced pathogenesis in the inoculated wheat, whereas the M43 domain-deleting peptide failed. These results suggest that RcMEP1 acted as an important pathogenicity factor during R. cerealis infection to wheat and that its signal peptide and M43 domain are required for the secretion and pathogenesis of RcMEP1. This study provides insights into pathogenesis role of M43 domain-containing metalloproteases during R. cerealis infection to wheat. 相似文献