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1.
An eight-month-old domestic shorthair cat was presented with chronic vomiting for three months, with an acute increase in frequency during the past two days. A diagnosis of megaoesophagus was made by chest radiography. Diagnostic work-up for megaoesophagus was performed. A gastro-oesophageal intussusception was identified during endoscopy. Medical and nutritional therapy was instituted with a good response to the treatment.  相似文献   

2.
SUMMARY The passive blomechanical property of oesophageal compliance (OC) was measured in 8 naturally occurring cases of canine megaoesophagus, 8 matched control and 7 vagotomised control dogs. Of the 8 dogs with megaoesophagus, 6 had congenital Idiopathic megaoesophagus and 2 had secondary megaoesophagus attributable to generalised skeletal muscle disease. Stepwise distension of the whole oesophagus was employed for measurement of OC at the 4.0 and 8.0 mL/kg Injected volume steps within the control volume range (0 to 12.0 mL/kg). At both Injected volume steps OC was higher In megaoesophagus dogs than in either matched control or vagotomised control dogs (P / 0.01 In both cases), and no significant difference was observed In OC between matched control and vagotomised control dogs. No correlation was demonstrated between OC and the estimated duration of clinical signs of dogs with megaoesophagus. These findings suggest that In most cases of canine megaoesophagus the viscoelastic properties of the oesophageal wall are significantly altered, that In such cases the disorder is unlikely to be purely dynamic and that processes other than the duration of oesophageal dilatation are responsible for the alteration in oesophageal wall blomechanical properties. The relevance of these findings to current concepts on pathophysiological mechanisms underlying the evolution and resolution of various forms of canine megaoesophagus Is discussed.  相似文献   

3.
Four cases of megaoesophagus secondary to tiger snake envenomation are reported. History in all cases suggested megaoesophagus was not present prior to snake envenomation. Diagnosis of megaoesophagus was confirmed by thoracic radiography in all cases. One dog died of respiratory failure. The remaining three dogs recovered, with gradual resolution of clinical signs associated with megaoesophagus.  相似文献   

4.
Decreased acetylcholine receptor content of the neuromuscular junction underlies the muscular weakness seen in both acquired and congenital myasthenia gravis. Immune mediated mechanisms account for the acquired defect while decreased membrane insertion of receptor leads to the congenital disorder. The congenital form typically presents in the first few weeks of life with generalised episodic weakness as the predominant sign. Although treatment with cholinesterase inhibitors may help temporarily, the prognosis is poor. Acquired myasthenia gravis can occur between eight months and 13 years of age and may present as megaoesophagus alone or as exercise-related weakness in conjunction with megaoesophagus. Although treatment of the immune mediated form is often successful and spontaneous remissions also occur, aspiration pneumonia secondary to megaoesophagus remains a major cause of mortality in affected dogs. Resolution of megaoesophagus must therefore be a major goal for future treatment regimes. The remarkable similarity between canine and human acquired myasthenia gravis suggests that the canine thymus gland warrants greater attention pathologically and perhaps therapeutically considering the value of thymectomy in human patients.  相似文献   

5.
OBJECTIVES: To evaluate whether dogs with megaoesophagus due to myasthenia gravis display less oesophageal dilatation radiographically than dogs with other causes of megaoesophagus. METHODS: Thoracic radiographs of 66 dogs with megaoesophagus in which concurrent acetylcholine receptor antibody titre was known were analysed retrospectively. Maximum oesophageal diameter was transformed to a "relative oesophageal diameter" using a ratio with thoracic inlet diameter. Dogs were divided into two groups according to "MG" or "non-MG" antibody status and median relative oesophageal diameter values were compared between groups and with age, weight and sex. A receiver operating characteristic plot was used to evaluate a suitable relative oesophageal diameter cut-off. RESULTS: Twenty dogs were diagnosed with myasthenia gravis and 46 with other causes of megaoesophagus. Thoracic inlet size correlated significantly with bodyweight and surface area (r(2)=0.627 and 0.669, respectively). Median values of relative oesophageal diameter for the MG group and non-MG group were 0.58 and 0.66, respectively, and these showed a small, but significant, difference (P=0.029), although there was complete overlap in the range of relative oesophageal diameter values between groups. There was no significant association between relative oesophageal diameter and sex, age or weight or significant difference in age, sex or weight between the two groups. An increased odds ratio for myasthenia gravis existed in golden retrievers and German shepherd dogs. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: Relative oesophageal diameter appears to be of limited diagnostic utility in distinguishing dogs with megaoesophagus due to myasthenia gravis from those with megaoesophagus due to other causes.  相似文献   

6.
Dogs given the neurotoxin acrylamide develop peripheral neuropathy and megaoesophagus. Sequential radiographic and manometric studies on the oesophagus demonstrated that the initial abnormalities consisted of a progressive decrease in the proportion of swallows that initiated peristalsis and a gradual increase in oesophageal calibre. Regurgitation, peristaltic failure and oesophageal dilatation all appeared within three days. The eating behaviour and gait abnormalities quickly resolved on stopping the neurotoxin, but the oesophagus remained dilated for longer. Previous studies have suggested that the abnormalities present in dogs which are developing a distal axonal neuropathy or in some dogs with idiopathic megaoesophagus may be limited to the proprioceptive elements of the oesophageal innervation. The present study suggests that the progressive inefficiency in the transmission of swallows and changes in oesophageal calibre in dogs with evolving megaoesophagus may be a consequence of damage to these proprioceptive elements.  相似文献   

7.
Congenital oesophageal stenosis is rarely described in horses. This case report describes a neonatal colt with signs of a milky nasal discharge and cervical swelling present from birth. The diagnostic evaluation revealed a triple oesophageal stricture, identified as congenital fibromuscular oesophageal stenosis. A megaoesophagus was seen cranial to the strictures, but its aetiology remains unexplained. To the authors’ knowledge, multiple oesophageal stenosis together with megaoesophagus has not previously been described in the horse.  相似文献   

8.
Hiatal hernia with focal megaoesophagus was diagnosed in a 10-year-old Friesian stallion presenting to the referral hospital for further investigation of recurrent oesophageal obstruction. Oesophageal endoscopy revealed dilation of the distal oesophagus with alterations in the mucosa characteristic of gastric mucosa in the distal oesophagus. In addition, a moderate amount of feed material was identified in the distal oesophagus. Positive contrast radiography showed that approximately half of the stomach was herniated cranially through the diaphragm. Management of the disease included recommendations to elevate the patient’s torso during feeding and provide mash-only feeds. Provided that successful control of the megaoesophagus could be achieved, surgical repair of the hiatal hernia may be an option for the future. This is the first report of hiatal herniation in horses. We report the successful conservative management of a stallion with both megaoesophagus and hiatal herniation through elevated feedings and selective exercise management.  相似文献   

9.
A gastro-oesophageal intussusception in a female, six-week-old German shepherd dog was treated surgically with success. The dog was presented with acute dyspnoea and signs of shock. After laparotomy, the herniated organs were reduced from the lumen of the oesophagus into the abdomen and an imbrication of the oesophageal hiatus, an appositional fundoplica-tion and a left-sided incisional fundopexy were performed. The dog made an uneventful recovery. Eighteen months after surgery the dog is still alive, with no clinical signs despite the persistent presence of megaoesophagus.  相似文献   

10.
A seven-year-old German shepherd dog was referred for acute onset regurgitation. Muscle weakness and severe dermatological disease were present. Thoracic radiographs revealed generalised megaoesophagus. Diagnostic testing revealed glucocorticoid deficiency, and rapid resolution of the megaoesophagus followed appropriate supplementation. The dog made a full recovery. Unique features of this case include a transiently positive antinuclear antibody titre and clinical features of myasthenia gravis.  相似文献   

11.
Three dogs presented for evaluation of acute onset tachypnoea and dyspnoea following episodes of vomiting and/or regurgitation. Thoracic radiographs were suggestive of a gastro‐oesophageal intussusception in all three dogs; one dog also showed evidence of aspiration pneumonia. All three dogs underwent surgical correction with a bilateral incisional gastropexy. All dogs recovered from anaesthesia uneventfully and were discharged from the hospital 3 days after presentation. Persistent megaoesophagus was evident in all three dogs, and they are being chronically managed with a strict feeding regime and pro‐motility agents.  相似文献   

12.
A 2‐months‐old male German shepherd puppy was referred for regurgitation and delayed growth. Radiographic and endoscopic investigations revealed a precardiac megaoesophagus and oesophageal constriction at the level of the heart base. At post‐mortem examination, a specific form of persistent right aortic arch characterized by an aberrant left subclavian artery in combination with a ligamentum arteriosum originating at the aberrant left subclavian artery (PRAA‐SA‐LA) was detected. A complete‐type persistent left cranial vena cava (PLCVC) was also observed. This is the first report describing the association between PRAA‐SA‐LA and PLCVC in a dog with megaoesophagus.  相似文献   

13.
Fifteen dogs with confirmed adult onset idiopathic megaoesophagus, in which no generalised muscle weakness was observed, were tested for the presence of acetylcholine receptor antibodies. Of these, six were found to have values greater than 0–6 nmol/litre, previously determined to be diagnostic of acquired myasthenia gravis. The mean serum titre value for these dogs was 5–59 nmol/litre (range 0–78 to 8–72 nmol/litre). It appears that a significant proportion of dogs presenting with megaoesophagus have myasthenia gravis and, if a prompt diagnosis and appropriate treatment can be instituted, clinical signs may improve.  相似文献   

14.
Two cases of polymyositis in German wirehaired pointer littermates are described. The seven-month-old dogs were presented with a history of acute vomiting, weakness and drooling from the mouth. Examination of the dogs disclosed muscle weakness, dysphagia, megaoesophagus, elevated serum muscle enzyme levels and abnormal electromyographic and muscle biopsy findings. Both dogs were treated with prednisolone and made a complete recovery. The dam, and two littermates, were also examined, but no signs of polymyositis were seen in these.  相似文献   

15.
OBJECTIVES: To characterise clinical, electrophysiological and histopathological findings. To analyse pedigree information in six young related Pyrenean mountain dogs with laryngeal paralysis-polyneuropathy complex (LP-PNC). METHODS: A retrospective study of clinical records and pedigrees of six young related Pyrenean mountain dogs with LP-PNC was carried out. RESULTS: All dogs were presented with laryngeal paralysis and concurrent megaoesophagus. Electrodiagnostic testing was performed in three dogs and showed electrophysiological abnormalities in the distal appendicular muscles. Histopathological findings of peripheral nerve samples were dominated by distal axonal degeneration. Clinical, electrophysiological and histopathological findings were supportive of a diagnosis of degenerative, sensorimotor LP-PNC, similar to that reported in young dalmatians and rottweilers. All dogs died or were euthanased by two years of age. An autosomal recessive mode of inheritance was suspected based on pedigree analysis. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: Congenital LP-PNC should be suspected in any young dog presenting with laryngeal dysfunction and other concurrent neurological abnormalities. The prognosis is usually poor.  相似文献   

16.
Two cases of myasthenia gravis associated with thymoma are reported. Both were female German shepherd dogs and the thymoma was surgically resected. Aspiration pneumonia secondary to persistent megaoesophagus was a complication in both cases. The myasthenia gravis did not resolve, but there was a more satisfactory control of clinical signs with anticholinesterase treatment. Corticosteroid therapy was used in one case, but the resulting polydipsia increased the incidence of regurgitation, resulting in recurrent episodes of aspiration pneumonia.  相似文献   

17.
A five-year-old, entire, male dachshund was presented with a five day history of hypersalivation and regurgitation as well as polyuria and polydipsia for several months. Chest radiographs demonstrated megaoesophagus and aspiration pneumonia. Furthermore, hyperadrenocorticism was demonstrated by means of elevations in levels of serum alkaline phosphatase and cholesterol, decreased urinary specific gravity, increased response to adrenocorticotropic hormone stimulation, insufficient suppression of the post-dexamethasone plasma cortisol levels, an increased endogenous adrenocorticotropic hormone concentration and bilaterally enlarged adrenal glands on abdominal ultrasound. The dog became severely dyspnoeic and was euthanased after magnetic resonance imaging was performed. The magnetic resonance imaging and necropsy revealed the sellar region mainly filled with fluid, with only small tissue remnants, a condition defined as empty sella syndrome in human medicine. To the author's knowledge, this is the first dog described with empty sella syndrome and only the second dog described with hyperadrenocorticism secondary to ectopic adrenocorticotropic hormone production. However, the association between empty sella syndrome and hyperadrenocorticism may be no more than incidental.  相似文献   

18.
Four cases of spontaneous laryngeal paralysis in juvenile white-coated German shepherd dogs are described. The presenting signs were typical for laryngeal paralysis, with stridor present in all four cases. Laryngoscopy revealed bilateral laryngeal paralysis in three cases, and unilateral paralysis in one. Concurrent megaoesophagus was also identified in one dog. All dogs underwent surgical treatment for laryngeal paralysis. Euthanasia was performed in one case due to intractable regurgitation and aspiration pneumonia. A possible association with white coat colour is discussed.  相似文献   

19.
Paraoesophageal hiatal hernia was diagnosed in a three-week-old Alaskan malamute. Reduction of the hernia was followed by an oesophagopexy and a bilateral gastropexy. During the early postoperative period, the puppy continued to have signs that were thought to be related to a concurrent megaoesophagus. At nine months of age the dog had gained weight and was well except for occasional episodes of regurgitation. These episodes responded well to medical therapy, and at the time of writing the dog had not required further treatment.  相似文献   

20.
Six closely related Devon rex cats afflicted with a congenital muscle disease were investigated over a three-year period. Physical findings included passive ventroflexion of the head and neck, dorsal protrusion of the scapulae, megaoesophagus, generalised appendicular weakness and fatigability. Signs became evident at three to 23 weeks of age and then usually progressed slowly or remained static. Plasma levels of creatine kinase and aspartate aminotransferase were not elevated. Histological examination of tissues from affected cats showed changes indicative of a primary myopathy, with neither nerve nor spinal cord involvement. Four of the six cats died suddenly of laryngospasm after obstruction of the pharynx or larynx with food.  相似文献   

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