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1.
Interactions of potassium and calcium ions with four typical variable charge soils in South China were examined by measuring pK-0.5pCa value with a potassium ion-selective electrode and a calcium ion-selective electrode,and pK value with a potassium ion-selective electrode.The results showed that adsorption of potassium and calcium ions increased with soil suspension pH,and the tendency of the pK-0.5pCa value changing with pH differed with respect to pH range and potassium to calcium ratio.Adsorption of equal amount of calcium and potassium ions led to release of an identical number of protons,suggesting similar adsorption characteristics of these two ions when adsorbed by variable charge soils.Compared with red soil,latosol and lateritic red soil had higher adsorption selectivities for calcium ion.The red soil had a greater affinity for potassium ion than that for calcium ion at low concentration,which seems to result from its possession of 2:1 type minerals,such as vermiculite and mica with a high affinity for potassium ion.The results indicated that adsorption of potassium and calcium ions by the variable charge soils was chiefly caused by the electrostatic attraction between the cations and the soil surfaces.Moreover,it was found that sulfate could affect the adsorption by changing soil surface properties and by forming ion-pair. 相似文献
2.
Competitive adsorption of K and Ca in a Mn oxide (birnessite) system was investigated using a double indicator electrode technique. The data showed that Ca was more competitive than K for adsorption sites on the Mn oxide. The preference of the oxide for Ca over K was partially attributed to the specific adsorption of Ca on the oxide. The extent of the preference did not consistently increase as the amount of K and Ca was continuously added to the system, possibly due to a decrease in the availability of the specific adsorption sites as these sites were increasingly occupied by the added Ca. The pK-0.5pCa value for the system significantly increased when the solution to solid ratio was above 16 (mL g?1). Raising pH caused an increase in the solution K/Ca equivalent activity ratio and a linear decrease in the pK-0.5pCa value, though the influence of the pH on the K/Ca equivalent activity ratio was not substantial until the pH was above 5.23. These results demonstrate an unique interaction of K and Ca on the surface of the Mn oxide, which cannot be solely interpreted by the classical ratio law. This study is of significance in the chemistry of K in soils which have properties of variable charge and specific adsorption of the competitive cations. 相似文献
3.
A method for the direct determination of the potassium-calcium activity ratio in soils with a potassium-selective electrode and a calcium-selective electrode was developed. The two electrodes were inserted into the soil suspension, and the potential difference was measured with a high-impedance mV-meter. The reproducibility of measurements was 2–3 mV, corresponding to 0.03–0.05 pK-0.5pCa units. Measurements in soil paste and in supernatant clear solution gave identical results. The pK-0.5pCa value varied only slightly with the variation in water to soil ratio or in salt concentration if the salt concentration was not high. At high salt concentrations, the value decreased. 相似文献
4.
恒电荷土壤与可变电荷土壤K+的吸附特性 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
对我国 3种典型可变电荷土壤和 4种恒电荷土壤在不同 K 浓度和 p H下 K 的吸附特性进行了研究。结果表明 ,两类土壤 K 吸附量均随平衡 K 浓度增加而增加 ,在低浓度 (添加K 0 .1～ 1.0 mmol/ L )时两者符合线性 ,在高浓度 (添加 K 0 .5～ 5 .0 mmol/ L )下两者符合Langmuir方程。L angmuir方程的参数 K两类土壤间差异不大 ,但以可变电荷土壤 >恒电荷土壤 ,说明前类土壤 K吸附结合能较大 ,吸附 K 不易解吸 ,K 有效性较低。p H降低使土壤 K 吸附量减少 ,但恒电荷土壤与可变电荷土壤减少的机理不同 ,前者主要是由于 H 与 K 的竟争吸附 ,而后者主要是由于表面负电荷减少而引起的电性引力的改变。 相似文献
5.
The lime potentials of several electrodialysed variable charge soils of Australia and China were directly measured with two ion-selective electrodes when titrated with Ca(OH)2. The lime potential (pH – 0.5 pCa) was higher for the Ferralsol than that for the Acrisol or the Luvisol. The presence of organic matter led to a lower pH – 0.5 pCa value. The pH – 0.5 pCa curve was closely related to the pH curve for a given soil, but was more distinct than the latter. Lime potential ranges of 1.5–3.0, 3.0–5.0 and 5.0–7.0 corresponded to pH ranges of about 4.0–5.2, 5.2–7.0 and 7.0–8.2 respectively. 相似文献
6.
Adsorption of Potassium and Sodium Ions by Variable Charge Soils 总被引：4，自引：2，他引：4
Adsorption of potassium and sodium ions by four typical variable charge soils of South China was studied.The results indicated that the variable charge soils saturated with H and Al showed a much higher preference for potassium ions relative to sodium ions,and this tendence could not be changed by such factors as the pH,the concentration of the cations,the dielectric constant of solvent,the accompanying anions and the iron oxide content etc.,suggesting that this difference in affinity is caused by the difference in the nature of the two cations.It was observed that a negative adsorption of sodium ions by latosol and lateritic red soil in a mixed system containing equal amount of potassium and sodium ions at low pH,which is caused by a competitive adsorption of potassium and sodium ions and repulsion of positive charge on the surfaces of soil particles for cations.The adsorption of potassium and sodium ions increased with the decreases in the dielectric constant of solvent and the iron oxide content.Sulfate affected the adsorption of potassium and sodium ions through changing the surface properties of the soils. 相似文献
7.
徐明岗 《植物营养与肥料学报》2002,8(1):22-28
对 3种可变电荷土壤和 4种恒电荷土壤在不同 pH、不同浓度、不同相伴阴阳离子下混合体系中Cl-和NO3-的吸附进行了测定。结果表明 ,在Cl-和NO3- 共存体系中 ,Cl-比例增大使可变电荷土壤Na+吸附量及OH-释放量增加 ,而对恒电荷土壤影响不大。Cl-和NO3-吸附量随平衡Cl-和NO3-浓度增加而增大 ,随pH升高而减少。但恒电荷土壤在上述各种条件下对Cl-和NO3-吸附均相同 ,而可变电荷土壤对Cl-吸附量大于NO3-的吸附量 ;NO3-、Cl-的选择系数为 0.51～0.78,Cl-和NO3-的相对吸附量分别为56.9%和 43.1%。在不同相伴阳离子下 ,可变电荷土壤平衡溶液Cl-/NO3-比值均小于 1,且为Na+K+Ca2+Mg2+Fe3+;而恒电荷土壤Cl-/NO3-比值为 1左右 ,且不受阳离子类型的影响。由此认为 ,Cl-和NO3-在两类土壤中均以电性吸附为主 ,恒电荷土壤对Cl-和NO3-的亲合力及吸附机理相同 ;而可变电荷土壤对Cl-的亲合力 NO3- ,Cl-存在着专性吸附 相似文献
8.
可变电荷土壤吸附铜离子时氢离子的释放 总被引：6，自引：4，他引：6
可变电荷土壤吸附铜离子后 ,土壤的中和曲线上不出现pH突跃 ,而变成一条平缓变化的曲线。当土壤悬液的pH低于一定数值时 ,加入铜离子后不释放氢离子。该pH值与土壤中氧化铁的含量有关。氧化铁的含量越高 ,该pH值越高。对于大多数可变电荷土壤 ,此pH值为 4左右。对可变电荷土壤 ,pH值越接近 4,氢离子释放的快速过程越不明显。在pH 4左右 ,加入铜离子后 1 0分钟时 ,释放的氢离子量仅占 6 5分钟时释放量的 3 0 %左右。但当pH值高于 4 5时 ,在大多数情况下 ,加入铜离子后半分钟时释放的氢离子量即可占 6 5分钟时的 5 0 %以上。恒电荷土壤吸附铜离子时氢离子的释放速度比可变电荷土壤快得多。即使pH值低至 3 8,在加入铜离子后半分钟时氢离子的释放量即占 6 5分钟时的 5 6 %以上。可变电荷土壤吸附铜离子时的H/Cu比比恒电荷土壤大得多。当恒电荷土壤悬液中加入0 1mo1L- 1 NaNO3作支持电解质时 ,吸附铜离子时的H/Cu比增大。 相似文献
9.
We studied the relative influences of Mn2+, Al3+ NO3? and SO42? on the K-Ca relationship, as expressed by a pK-0.5pCa value, in a Mn oxide suspension system using a double indicator electrode technique. With an increase in the quantity of solution Mn2+ and Al3+ in the system, Mn2+ ions showed a stronger effect than Al3+ on increasing pK-0.5pCa values, though this was not the case when the amount of the cations added was low. The stronger effect of Mn2+ on the K-Ca relationship was attributed to stronger specific adsorption of the Mn2+ ion on the Mn oxide as compared with Al3+. When K+ and Ca2+ were added after the addition of Mn2+ and Al3+, activities of K and Ca in equilibrium solution were higher than those when K+ and Ca2+ were added first, indicating that the exchange reaction of the cations on the Mn oxide was not fully reversible. Compared to NO3? added systems, the pK-0.5pCa values for SO42? added systems were lower when the initial K/Ca molar ratios were 0.5 and 2. This effect of SO42? on the pK-0.5pCa values was also related to the quantity of Ca ions in the system since no significant difference in pK-0.5pCa values was observed between the SO42? and NO3? added systems when the K/Ca molar ratio was 8. The present results revealed that both cationic and anionic environments had a profound influence on the adsorption of K and Ca and, thus, the pK-0.5pCa values in a Mn oxide system. The findings of this study help attain a better understanding of the chemistry of K in soils, particularly those with variable charge. 相似文献
10.
长白山地区不同植被下土壤酸度状况 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
The acidity regimes of representative soils on the north slope of the Changbai Mountains were examined through determinations of pH and pCa of the soil paste as well as in-situ determinations,For soils under broad-leaf forest or broad-leaf-Korean pine forest,the pH decreased from the litte to lower layers gradually until it did not change or decreased further slightly .For soils under coniferous of Erans birch forest,ther was a minimum in pH at a depth of 3-6 cm where the content of humus was high,The pCa increased gradually from the soil surface downward to a constant value.The lime potential(pH-0.5pCa) showed a similar trend as the pH in its distribution.For a given soil,the measured pH value of the thick paste,ranging from 4.5 to 5.5,was lower by about 0.5 units than the value determined by the conventional method with a water to soil ratio of 5:1 ,The pH determined in situ was even lower.It was found that there was a firly close relationship between soil acidity and the type of vegetation.The pH showed a trend of decreasing from soils under broda-leaf forest through broad-leaf-conifer mixed rorest and coniferos forest to Ermans birch forest,and the pCa showed an opposite trend in variation. 相似文献
11.
研究了我国四种可变电荷土壤红壤、赤红壤、砖红壤和铁质砖红壤以及二种恒电荷土壤黄棕壤和黑土中吸附性铜离子的解吸特征。研究结果表明 ,可变电荷土壤吸附的一部分铜离子可以被去离子水解吸 ,而且在pH～解吸率曲线上在一定pH值时出现解吸率最大值。在最大值时不同土壤中铜离子解吸率的大小与土壤中氧化铁的含量有关。氧化铁的含量越高 ,在最大值时铜离子的解吸率越大。当用中性电解质解吸可变电荷土壤吸附的铜离子时 ,电解质的浓度越大 ,解吸率越低。与此相反 ,恒电荷土壤吸附的铜离子不能被去离子水解吸 ,只能被中性电解质解吸 ,且电解质的浓度越高 ,解吸率越大。这表明 ,可变电荷土壤中吸附性铜离子的解吸规律 ,完全不同于恒电荷土壤中者。本文初步讨论了其原因 相似文献
12.
For the purpose of evaluating the role of ligand exchange of sulfate ions in retarding the rate of acidification of variable charge soils,the changes in pH after the addition of different amounts of HNO3 or H2SO4 to representative soils of China were measured .A difference between pH changes caused by the two kinds of acids was observed only for variable charge soils and kaolinite,but not for constant charge soils and bentonite,The larger the proportion of H2SO4 in the HNO3-H2SO4 mixture,the lower the calculated H^ ion activities remained in the suspension.The difference in H^ ion activities between H2SO4 systems and HNO3 systems was larger for soils with a low base-saturation(BS) percentage than those with a high BS percentage.The removal of free iron oxides from the soil led to a decrease in the difference,while the coating of Fe2O3 on a bentonite resulted in a remarkable appearance of the difference.The effect of ligand exchange on the acidity status of the soil varied with the soil type.Surface soils with a high organic matter content showed a less pronounced effect of ligand exchange than subsoils did.It was estimated that when acid rain chiefly containing H2SO4 was deposited on variable charge soils the acidification rate might be slower by 20%-40% than that when the acid rain chiefly contained HNO3 for soils with a high organic matter content,and that the rate might be half of that caused by HNO3 for soils with a low organic matter content,especially for latosols. 相似文献
13.
研究了SO2-4添加顺序对三种可变电荷土壤(昆明铁质砖红壤、徐闻砖红壤和江西红壤)吸附Cu2+的影响,作为对照,也研究了其对恒电荷土壤(黄棕壤、棕壤)以及两种不同矿物(高岭石与针铁矿)吸附铜离子的影响。实验结果表明,在同等条件下,SO2-4添加顺序对两类表面性质不同的土壤吸附Cu2+有着不同的影响。对于恒电荷土壤,SO2-4添加顺序对土壤吸附Cu2+几乎没有影响。同等pH条件下,对可变电荷表面而言,加入CuSO4者具有最高的Cu2+吸附率;对昆明砖红壤、徐闻砖红壤以及针铁矿和高岭石而言,先加入Cu2+者相对先加入SO2-4者Cu2+吸附率更高;对江西红壤而言,上述这个次序则刚好相反。SO2-4浓度和有机质去除对同等pH条件下铜离子吸附率高低的排序并无实质性影响。 相似文献
14.
不同浓度铜离子土壤的吸附-解吸行为——兼论弱专性吸附态的存在 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
研究了三种可变电荷土壤和两种恒电荷土壤不同铜离子浓度条件下的吸附-解吸行为。结果表明,不同铜离子浓度下土壤的pH-Cu2+吸附率曲线均在低pH段出现会合,且随着铜离子浓度升高,pH-Cu2+吸附率曲线有向右偏移的趋势。证实了可变电荷土壤中吸附性铜离子可被去离子水解吸,并存在解吸峰现象。针对解吸前后吸附体系pH值的变化研究结果显示,吸附时体系pH低于5.0时,解吸后pH上升;而吸附体系pH高于5.0时,解吸后pH下降,表明pH5.0可能是土壤吸附铜离子机理发生变化的又一个转折点。本文还对专性吸附中弱吸附态的存在和形成原因进行了初步探讨。 相似文献
15.
离子强度和pH对可变电荷土壤与铜离子相互作用的影响 总被引：22，自引：3，他引：22
研究了离子强度和pH对可变电荷土壤表面电荷与铜离子吸附的影响。作为对照 ,也研究了它们对恒电荷土壤黄棕壤的有关性质的影响。结果表明 ,随pH升高 ,土壤的表面负电荷增加 ,正电荷减少。对于可变电荷土壤 ,可出现电荷零点 (pH0 )。随pH升高 ,土壤对Cu2 的吸附量增大。随着离子强度增大 ,恒电荷土壤对Cu2 的吸附百分率明显降低 ,可变电荷土壤对Cu2 离子的吸附百分率也降低 ,但降低的幅度比恒电荷土壤者小得多。土壤中氧化铁的含量越高 ,降低的幅度越小。对于含 2 1 %左右游离氧化铁的铁质砖红壤 ,即使支持电解质NaNO3的浓度高达 1molL- 1,对Cu2 的吸附仍然几乎没有影响。从离子强度和pH与土壤表面电荷和铜离子吸附的关系 ,可以推测在土壤对铜离子的吸附中 ,既存在电性吸附 ,又存在专性吸附。在可变电荷土壤对铜离子的吸附中 ,专性吸附较为重要 相似文献
16.
可变电荷或永久电荷土壤上的电荷特征与土壤对Cu2+的吸附－解吸之间的交互作用 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
Charge characteristics and Cu^2 adsorption-desorption of soils with variable charge(latosol)and permanent charge(brown soil)and the relationship between them were studied by means of back-titration and adsorption equilibrium respectively.The amount of variable negative charge was much less in variable-charge soil than in permanent-charge soil and increased with the pH in the system,but the opposite trend occurred in the points of zero charge(PZCs).The amount of Cu^2 ions sorbed by permanent-charge soil was more than that by variable-charge soil and increased with the increase of Cu^2 concentration within a certain range in the equilibrium solution.The amount of Cu^2 ions desorbed with KCl from permanent-charge soil was more than that from variable-charge soil,but the amount of Cu^2 ions desorbed with de-ionized water from permanent-charge soil was extremely low whereas there was still a certain amount of desorption from variable-charge soil.The increase of PZC of soils with variable or permanent change varied with the increment of Cu^2 ions added.When the same amount of Cu^2 ions was added,the increments of PZC and variable negative surface chargc of permanent-charge soil were different from those of variable-charge soil. 相似文献
17.
研究了3种典型可变电荷土壤和4种典型恒电荷土壤在不同pH和不同浓度下单纯及共存体系中Cu2 和Zn2 的吸附及其影响因素。结果表明,两类土壤对Cu2 或Zn2 的吸附量均随平衡浓度增加而增大,符合Langmuir吸附等温式;当Cu2 、Zn2 浓度一定时,pH升高使Cu2 、Zn2 吸附量增大,但当pH >5时,Cu2 、Zn2 吸附量随pH变化甚微,出现一个接近最大吸附量的“平台”。当添加Cu2 、Zn2 浓度相同,但二种离子的总浓度不同时,平衡液的Cu2 /Zn2 浓度比均小于1,说明两类土壤对Cu2 的吸附选择性大于Zn2 ,且这种趋势不因pH和离子浓度而改变。当Cu2 、Zn2 共存时,使可变电荷土壤的Zn2 吸附量减小约70 % ,是恒电荷土壤降低量的约1.5倍;可变电荷土壤吸附一个Cu2 或Zn2 时所释放H 的平均数,明显大于恒电荷土壤者,说明可变电荷土壤对Cu2 及Zn2 的吸附中专性吸附的比例较恒电荷土壤大 相似文献
18.
Impact of organic matter addition on pH change of paddy soils 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
Yunfeng Wang Caixian Tang Jianjun Wu Xingmei Liu Jianming Xu 《Journal of Soils and Sediments》2013,13(1):12-23
Purpose
The objective of the present study was to explore the effect of initial pH on the decomposition rate of plant residues and the effect of residue type on soil pH change in three different paddy soils.Materials and methods
Two variable charge paddy soils (Psammaquent soil and Plinthudult soil) and one constant charge paddy soil (Paleudalfs soil) were used to be incubated at 45 % of field capacity for 105 days at 25 °C in the dark after three plant residues (Chinese milk vetch, wheat straw, and rice straw) were separately added at a level of 12 g?kg?1 soil. Soil pH, CO2 escaped, DOC, DON, MBC, MBN, NH 4 + , and NO 3 ? during the incubation period were dynamically determined.Results and discussion
Addition of the residues increased soil pH by 0.1–0.8 U, and pH reached a maximum in the Psammaquent and Plinthudult soils with low initial pH at day 105 but at day 3 in the Paleudalfs soil with high initial pH. Incorporation of Chinese milk vetch which had higher concentration of alkalinity (excess cations) and nitrogen increased soil pH more as compared with incorporation of rice and wheat straws. Microbial activity was the highest in Chinese milk vetch treatment, which resulted in the highest increase of soil pH as compared with addition of rice and wheat straws. However, nitrification seemed to be inhibited in the variable charge soils of Psammaquent and Plinthudult but not in the constant charge soil of Paleudalfs.Conclusions
The effectiveness of increasing soil pH after incorporation of the plant materials would be longer in low initial pH soils of Psammaquent and Plinthudult than in high initial pH soil of Paleudalfs. In order to achieve the same degree of pH improvement, higher amounts of plant residues should be applied in constant charge soils than in variable charge soils. 相似文献19.
可变电荷土壤中特殊化学现象及其微观机制的研究进展 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
综述了近年来可变电荷土壤化学研究的进展,着重总结了可变电荷土壤中的盐吸附、铁铝氧化物对土壤自然酸化的抑制作用和离子强度对离子专性吸附的影响等特殊化学现象及其微观机制的研究进展。用颗粒表面扩散层重叠导致有效电荷数量减小的原理解释了盐吸附现象和铁铝氧化物对土壤自然酸化的抑制作用。阐明了可变电荷土壤和矿物中介质离子强度影响离子专性吸附的机制,用四层吸附模型解释了离子专性吸附随离子强度增大而增加的现象,并根据胶体zeta电位随离子强度改变而变化的趋势进一步证明了离子强度增大使胶体专性吸附面上静电电位的绝对值减小,是离子专性吸附随离子强度增大而增加的主要原因。带电颗粒表面双电层结构和双电层相互作用的深入研究,有助于阐明可变电荷土壤中一些特殊化学现象的微观机理,从而进一步完善土壤化学理论。 相似文献
20.
WANG Jing-Hua 《土壤圈》1995,5(3):193-202
The sensitivity of a large number of variable charge soils to acid rain was evaluated through examining pH-H2SO4 input curves. Two derivative parameters, the consumption of hydrogen ions by the soil and the acidtolerant limit as defined as the quantity of sulfuric acid required to bring the soil to pH 3.5 in a 0.001mol L-1 Ca(NO3)2 solution, were used. The sensitivity of variable charge soils was higher than that of constant charge soils, due to the predominance of kaolinite in clay mineralogical composition. Among these soils the sensitivity was generally of the order lateritic red soil > red soil > latosol. For a given type of soil within the same region the sensitivity was affected by parent material, due to differences in clay minerals and texture. The sensitivity of surface soil may be lower or higher than that of subsoil, depending on whether organic matter or texture plays the dominant role in determining the buffering capacity. Paddy soils consumed more acid within lower range of acid input when compared with upland soils, due to the presence of more exchangeable bases, but consumed less acid within higher acid input range, caused by the decrease in clay content. 相似文献