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1.
Field surveys were carried out in the main stonefruit-growing areas of Jordan to assess the sanitary status of varietal collections, mother plant blocks and commercial orchards. The presence of virus and virus-like diseases was determined by ELISA, sap transmission to herbaceous hosts, graft transmission to Prunus persica cv. GF 305 and P. serrulata cv. Kwanzan, and molecular hybridization tests. A total of 1312 samples was tested by ELISA (531 peach, 361 plum, 218 apricot, 135 almond and 67 cherry trees). The overall mean level of infection was about 14%, indicating an acceptable sanitary status as a whole, considering that no sanitary selection has ever been carried out in Jordan. The infection level of different species was: peach (18%), cherry (15%), almond (14%), apricot (11%) and plum (10%). The following viruses and viroids were identified: Plum pox potyvirus (PPV), Prunus necrotic ringspot ilarvirus (PNRSV), Prune dwarf ilarvirus (PDV), Apple mosaic ilarvirus (ApMV), Apple chlorotic leaf spot trichovirus (ACLSV), Hop stunt viroid (HSVd) and Peach latent mosaic viroid (PLMVd). Most of these agents (ApMV, ACLSV, PLMVd and HSVd) are reported for the first time from Jordan. 相似文献
2.
A. Bouani M. Al Rwahnih N. Abou Ghanem-Sabanadzovic I. Alami M. Zemzami A. Myrta V. Savino 《EPPO Bulletin》2004,34(3):399-402
Field surveys were carried out in the main stone-fruit growing areas of Morocco to evaluate the sanitary status of commercial orchards, varietal collections and nurseries. The presence of virus and virus-like diseases was checked by ELISA, sap transmission to herbaceous hosts, testing on woody indicators and molecular hybridization (dot-blot and tissue-printing). 1211 samples (382 almond, 339 peach, 291 plum, 150 apricot and 49 cherry) were tested by ELISA for the presence of Prunus necrotic ring spot virus (PNRSV), Prune dwarf virus (PDV), Apple chlorotic leaf spot virus (ACLSV), Apple mosaic virus (ApMV) and Plum pox virus (PPV). The overall average of virus infection rate was 16.4%, whereas that of single species was: 22.6% for almond, 17.8% for plum, 15% for peach, 10.2% for cherry, and 2.7% for apricot. The following viruses were detected: PNRSV, PDV, ACLSV and ApMV. 565 samples were tested by dot-blot and tissue-printing hybridization for the presence of Peach latent mosaic viroid (PLMVd) and Hop stunt viroid (HSVd). 48 samples were infected, 41 by PLMVd and 7 by HSVd. In addition, nested-PCR tests identified Plum bark necrosis and stem-pitting associated virus (PBNSPaV) in a few almond trees affected by stem pitting. 相似文献
3.
Surveys were carried out in the main stone-fruit growing areas of Albania to assess the phytosanitary status of Prunus in conimercial orchards and varietal collections. The presence of virus and virus-like diseases and their identification was ascertained through field observations, sap transmission to herbaceous hosts, graft transmission to woody indicators, ELISA and IEM tests. The mean infection level was 42%. In particular, infections in apricot and almond were 12 and 16%, respectively, i.e. lower than in plum and cherry (47 and 56%, respectively). The following viruses were identified: plum pox potyvirus (PPV). apple chlorotic leaf spot trichovirus (ACLSV). prunus necrotic ringspot (PNRSV) and prune dwarf (PDV) ilarviruses. PPV infection was very severe in plum, and limited in apricot and peach. Apple mosaic ilarvirus (ApMV), and six nepoviruses tested for (SLRV, TBRV, RRV, CLRV, ArMV and ToRSV) were not encountered in Primus. 相似文献
4.
Hosts and symptoms of Plum pox virus: fruiting Prunus species 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
5.
Field surveys were carried out in the main stone-fruit-growing areas of East Anatolia (Turkey) to assess the sanitary status of varietal collections, mother blocks and commercial orchards. The presence of virus and virus-like diseases was ascertained by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), sap transmission to herbaceous hosts, graft transmission to peach cv. GF305 and molecular hybridization tests. A total of 1019 samples was tested by ELISA (859 apricot, 120 cherry, 21 almond and 19 peach). The sanitary status of apricot was extremely satisfactory, as the infection level was less than 0.3%. Cherry and almond, however, showed 21% and 33% infection respectively. The viruses identified were apple chlorotic leaf spot trichovirus (ACLSV), prune dwarf ilarvirus (PDV) and prunus necrotic ringspot ilarvirus (PNRSV). The commonest virus was PDV. Plum pox potyvirus (PPV), apple mosaic ilarvirus (ApMV) and the nepoviruses tomato black ring (TBRV), raspberry ringspot (RpRSV), strawberry latent ringspot (SLRV), cherry leaf roll (CLRV), arabis mosaic (ArMV) and tomato ringspot (ToRSV) were not encountered. Peach latent mosaic viroid (PLMVd) and hop stunt viroid (HSVd) were not detected either. 相似文献
6.
Epidemiology of sharka disease in Spain 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
M. Cambra N. Capote M. A. Cambra G. Llácer P. Botella A. López-Quílez 《EPPO Bulletin》2006,36(2):271-275
PPV was first detected in Spain in 1984 in Japanese plum ( Prunus salicina Lindl) cv. Red Beaut and spread very quickly to other Japanese and European plums and apricot cultivars but left peach cultivars unaffected. In the years following the detection of PPV, the predominant aphid species visiting Prunus orchards in Mediterranean areas were Aphis gossypii followed by Aphis spiraecola , the latter being the main aphid species found at present. Both species are considered to be the main vectors of PPV in Spanish early Prunus growing areas. Spatial analysis of the spread of PPV-D in Japanese plum and apricot trees confirmed the lack of significant association between immediately adjacent trees. The observed spatial pattern of sharka suggests a lack of movement of PPV-viruliferous aphid vectors to immediately adjacent trees and indicates their preferential movement to trees several tree spaces away. PPV-D is the only type currently present in Spain, with the exception of a PPV-M outbreak that was detected in and successfully eradicated from Aragón in 2002. The short-distance spread of PPV-M infection occurred as far as 12 m along the rows of peach trees. However, PPV-D has not been observed to spread through peach cultivars, despite being grown in the vicinity of heavily infected plots of apricot or Japanese plum trees. 相似文献
7.
Gülşen Sertkaya Marta Martini Paolo Ermacora Rita Musetti Ruggero Osler 《Phytoparasitica》2005,33(4):380-390
During the late summer-early autumn of 2002, surveys were carried out in Turkey to determine the presence of phytoplasma diseases
in fruit trees. Phytoplasmas were detected and characterized by PCR-RFLP analysis and TEM technique in stone fruit and pear
trees in the eastern Mediterranean region of the country. Six out of 24 samples, including almond, apricot, peach, pear and
plum, gave positive results in PCR assays. RFLP analysis usingSspI andBsaAI enzymes of PCR products obtained with primer pair f01/r01 enabled identification of the phytoplasmas involved in the diseases.
Stone fruit trees, including a local apricot variety (‘Sakıt’) and a pear sample, were found to be infected with European
stone fruit yellows (ESFY, 16SrX-B) and pear decline (PD, 16SrX-C) phytoplasmas, respectively. This is the first report in
Turkey of PD phytoplasma infecting pear and of ESFY phytoplasma infecting almond, apricot, myrobalan plum and peach; ESFY
phytoplasma infecting Japanese plum was previously reported.
http://www.phytoparasitica.org posting July 21, 2005. 相似文献
8.
Plum pox potyvirus (PPV) was introduced into Puglia (IT) a few years ago with infected propagative material coming from nurseries outside the region. Infections were detected in commercial plum and apricot orchards, but not in local nurseries. Extensive surveys were carried out in young apricot, plum and peach orchards to assess the distribution, incidence and spread of PPV infections, with a view to possibly enforcing an eradication programme. Surveys were based on visual inspections of about 300 commercial orchards and nurseries (covering an area of more than 550 ha) in the whole of Puglia, by ELISA and IBM tests, and by biological testing on GF305 of field samples. A total of 23,000 plants were individually checked by ELISA and IEM. The eradication involved 13 plum (35 ha) and 2 apricot (5 ha) orchards showing different levels of PPV infection. Six of the plum plantings showed infection exceeding 30% and were completely uprooted; in the remaining orchards, infection did not exceed 10% and uprooting was limited to infected trees. PPV was never detected in peach. The high incidence of PPV in some plum orchards was due to the heavy initial contamination of propagating material. Secondary virus spread was monitored in apricot orchards and found to occur at a low rate. 相似文献
9.
More than 600 Prunus samples were examined by using a nonradioactive digoxigenin-labelled RNA probe specific for hop stunt viroid (HSVd). Prunus salicina and Prunus armeniaca appeared to be better hosts than Prunus persica . The weak viroid concentration in flowers and young leaves of peach trees growing in the field did not permit its detection in such samples. The diagnosis was more reliable (about 85%) with bark and leaves aged 4 months and more, from regrowths of GF 305 peach seedlings inoculated and kept in the greenhouse. Detection of HSVd in leaves and bark of apricot and Japanese plum plants aged 3 months or more also proved reliable (about 80% and 90%, respectively). HSVd could be transmitted in apricot, peach and plum nucleic acid preparations to GF 305 peach seedlings by repeated stem slashing, and to cherries ( Prunus avium and Prunus serrulata ) by approach grafting with an infected P. salicina source. The viroid was eliminated from 18% of the clones obtained after thermotherapy.
In the course of this study, 25 selected Prunus accessions suspected to be infected by unusual diseases were analysed by hybridization with a HSVd-specific probe and by indexing on GF 305 peach seedlings in the greenhouse. Fifteen of these accessions were found to be infected by HSVd, 19 induced reddish marbling, and four induced small blackish spots on the leaves aged about 4 months. Repeated assays showed that these foliar symptoms were not caused by the viroid. Peach red marbling (PRMa) has not been associated with any known virus and seems to be caused by an infectious agent not yet described. That could also be the case with the agent of peach sooty ringspot (PSRS). PRMa and PSRS symptoms were reproduced by grafting and indexing, and their causal agents eliminated by thermotherapy in a significant fraction of the treated plants. They behave like viral agents and can infect the different Prunus species studied. 相似文献
In the course of this study, 25 selected Prunus accessions suspected to be infected by unusual diseases were analysed by hybridization with a HSVd-specific probe and by indexing on GF 305 peach seedlings in the greenhouse. Fifteen of these accessions were found to be infected by HSVd, 19 induced reddish marbling, and four induced small blackish spots on the leaves aged about 4 months. Repeated assays showed that these foliar symptoms were not caused by the viroid. Peach red marbling (PRMa) has not been associated with any known virus and seems to be caused by an infectious agent not yet described. That could also be the case with the agent of peach sooty ringspot (PSRS). PRMa and PSRS symptoms were reproduced by grafting and indexing, and their causal agents eliminated by thermotherapy in a significant fraction of the treated plants. They behave like viral agents and can infect the different Prunus species studied. 相似文献
10.
Detection of plum pox virus in Spain 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Until recently, plum pox (sharka) virus (PPV) was never detected in Spain on any of the material analysed by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). It was only in June 1984 that the virus was first detected by two different antiscra in Japanese plum trees ( Prunus salicina ), cv. Red Beaut, showing typical symptoms of the disease. The detection was later confirmed by graft-transmission to GF-305 peach seedlings, and also by immunoelectron microscopy. The PPV was experimentally transmitted from GF-305 to GF-305 by aphids and from GF-305 to herbaceous plants by mechanical inoculation. Thus far (January 1985), PPV has been detected basically in Japanese plum trees in Sevilla, Murcia, Valencia and Castellón, in apricot in Castellón, and in peach trees in Sevilla and Lérida.
De nombreuses analyses par la méthode ELISA n'ont, pendant longtemps, pas permis de détecter le plum pox virus (agent de la sharka) en Espagne. Ce n'est qu'en juin 1984 que la présence du virus a été confirmée, par l'utilisation de deux antiséra différents, chez des pruniers japonais ( Prunus salicina ) cv. Red Beaut qui manifestaient des symptôines typiques de la maladie. La détection a été confirmée par greffage sur des plants du pêcher GF-305, ainsi que par microscopie immuno-électronique. La transmission du PPV de GF-305 à GF-305 a été réalisée à l'aide de pucerons et de GF-305 à des plantes herbacées mécaniquement. A cette date (janvier 1985). le PPV n'a été détecté quc dans des prunicrs japonais dans, les provinces de Sevilla, Murcia, Valencia et Castellón, ainsi que dans des abricotiers en Castellón et dans des pêchers en Sevilla et en Lérida. 相似文献
De nombreuses analyses par la méthode ELISA n'ont, pendant longtemps, pas permis de détecter le plum pox virus (agent de la sharka) en Espagne. Ce n'est qu'en juin 1984 que la présence du virus a été confirmée, par l'utilisation de deux antiséra différents, chez des pruniers japonais ( Prunus salicina ) cv. Red Beaut qui manifestaient des symptôines typiques de la maladie. La détection a été confirmée par greffage sur des plants du pêcher GF-305, ainsi que par microscopie immuno-électronique. La transmission du PPV de GF-305 à GF-305 a été réalisée à l'aide de pucerons et de GF-305 à des plantes herbacées mécaniquement. A cette date (janvier 1985). le PPV n'a été détecté quc dans des prunicrs japonais dans, les provinces de Sevilla, Murcia, Valencia et Castellón, ainsi que dans des abricotiers en Castellón et dans des pêchers en Sevilla et en Lérida. 相似文献
11.
When the first foci of sharka were discovered in Puglia region (south-east Italy) in the late 1980s, the regional agricultural authorities launched a programme for Plum pox virus (PPV) monitoring and disease eradication. The infecting virus strain was identified as PPV-D. From 1989 to 1993, a strong eradication campaign was successfully carried out involving 13 plum and 2 apricot orchards with different levels of infection. During 1994–2000, besides plum, apricot and peach, monitoring was extended to sweet cherry. At that time, surveys and testing did not reveal any new PPV focus, but the eradication of infected trees continued in a couple of orchards. In 2001–05, particular attention was paid to peach, as devastating PPV-M outbreaks had developed in other areas of the country. A new PPV focus was found in apricot, caused by PPV-Rec, which was promptly eradicated. In the following two years, surveys in the once infected orchard and surrounding peach plantings did not detect any virus spread. The endeavour has taken 15 years making this PPV monitoring and eradication programme the longest in Italy. Its overall results indicate that the fruit tree industry in Puglia region can now be regarded as essentially PPV-free. 相似文献
12.
Zhixiang Zhang Ying Zhou Rui Guo Lingxiao Mu Yuanai Yang Shifang Li Hongqing Wang 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2012,134(2):217-225
A survey for the incidence of Hop stunt viroid (HSVd) infection in China was conducted using dot-blot hybridization. Out of 553 tested samples, 127 samples of stone fruits (apricot, peach, plum and almond), grapevine and hop were positive for HSVd, giving a mean infection rate of 23?%. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that most of the HSVd variants isolated from stone fruits, grapevine and hop were clustered into known hop and plum groups. However, two grapevine variants, HSVd.g50 and HSVd.g57, could not be clustered into any known groups, indicating a previously unknown phylogenetic group of HSVd isolates. HSVd.g38 was the single grapevine variant that clustered with the plum group isolates, supporting cross transmission between grapevine and stone fruits and the heterogeneity of grapevine isolates. 相似文献
13.
Recently, plum pox potyvirus (PPV) has been found in Basilicata, southern Italy, on plum, apricot and peach. In 1992-09, we started a large-scale survey to verify the effectiveness of diagnostic methods used during seasons when it is difficult to reveal any presence of the virus. The assays were carried out by dot-blot hybridization on stone-fruit cultivars normally planted in this area. The virus was found, by dot-blot hybridization, to be present in seven cultivars of peach, four of apricot and one of plum. All plants were 8–10 years old and, except for two apricot cultivars, were not displaying any apparent symptoms in spring 1992. Five peach cultivars, intended for use as primary sources of propagation material, were then selected for further study, and assayed in 1992–11 by ELISA and RT-PCR. ELISA tests on these selected peach cultivars were consistently negative, while PCR tests were consistently positive. However ELISA tests gave positive results when repeated in 1993–05. These results not only suggest that primary propagation material should be tested by techniques more sensitive than ELISA, but also question the usefulness of carrying out tests during any phenological phases of the plant. 相似文献
14.
A very sensitive and simple procedure has been developed for the preparation of plant samples before PCR amplification using direct tissue printing. This technique was successfully used for the detection of plum pox potyvirus, apple chlorotic leaf spot trichovirus, prunus necrotic ringspot ilarvirus and apple mosaic ilarvirus, in different stone-fruit material (peach, apricot, plum and almond). The results demonstrate the general applicability of this technique. 相似文献
15.
16.
Thomas Thomidis 《Phytoparasitica》2002,30(2):191-193
The virulence ofPhytophthora citrophthora isolated from various host-plants on three peach rootstocks (GF677, PR204, KID I) was examined. There was no significant
difference among the rootstocks with respect to their susceptibility to testedP. citrophthora isolates. The most virulent isolate originated from sycamore (Acer pseudoplatanus); isolates from pistachio trees (Pistacia vera) also showed high virulence but were significantly less virulent than the sycamore isolate. Isolates originating from plum
(Prunus domestica), almond (Prunus amygdalus) and lemon (Citrus limon) trees were moderately virulent on peach rootstocks; those from cyclamen (Cyclamen persicum) showed the lowest virulence of those tested. There was thus great variation in virulence among the testedP. citrophthora isolates. It is possible that the isolates ofP. citrophthora from sycamore, pistachio, plum, almond and lemon trees are a threat to peach trees, whereas the low virulence of the isolates
from cyclamen hosts suggests that these pathogens are not a serious threat to peach trees.
http://www.phytoparasitica.org posting Jan. 3, 2002. 相似文献
17.
Arben Myrta Donato Boscia Oriana Potere Maria Kölber Maria Németh Biagio Di Terlizzi Mariano Cambra Vito Savino 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2001,107(8):845-848
A large-scale serological characterisation of Plum pox virus (PPV) isolates was carried out with 19 monoclonal antibodies (MAbs), including the universal MAb5B and the following strain-specific MAbs: AL (specific to PPV-M), 4DG5 (specific to PPV-D), TUV and AC (specific to PPV-C), and EA24 (specific to PPV-EA). The study involved 108 PPV isolates of different geographical origin (Albania, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Egypt, France, Germany, Greece, Italy, Hungary, Moldova, Romania, Slovakia, Spain, Turkey and Yugoslavia) and hosts (almond, apricot, peach, plum and cherry). The inter- and intra-strain serological relationships of PPV isolates were evaluated by DASI-ELISA. High serological variability was detected, not only between strains, but also among isolates of the same strain. Computer-assisted analysis of serological data support the hypothesis of the existence of two distinct subclusters, denoted PPV-M1 and PPV-M2, which seem to prevail in Mediterranean and Eastern–Central European countries, respectively. 相似文献
18.
The host range specialization of Tranzschelia discolor (Fckl.) Tranz. & Litv. on stone fruits at the uredinial infection stage was investigated. Aeciospore inocula were collected
from the alternate host, Anemone coronaria, at ten different locations of Aydın Province in early spring and were separately inoculated to 1–2-year-old nursery stocks
of plum, peach, apricot, almond and sweet cherry under growth chamber conditions. Rust pustules developed only on plums, 15–21 days
after inoculations, but no infections occurred on the other stone fruits. Urediniospore inocula were collected from naturally
infected plums, apricots, peaches and almonds and were inoculated to four host species as well as sweet cherry in a series
of cross-inoculations. Rust pustules developed on plants of the respective original host species from which the urediniospore
inoculum was collected. No morphological differences were found among teliospores and urediniospores of T. discolor sampled from the different stone fruit species. Results of this study indicate that there is host specialization of T. discolor on stone fruits at the uredinial infection stage. Aecial inoculum from anemones in Aydin Province was infectious only on
plums. The alternate host for the other stone fruits in this province was not found. 相似文献
19.
20.
I. C. RUMBOS 《Plant pathology》1988,37(3):441-444
Cytospora oleina was isolated from dead twigs of olive associated with old cankers in the Mount Pelion region of central Greece. Inoculation of young trees with pure cultures of the fungus caused twig death in olive, especially when applied in autumn, and xylem discoloration in apple, plum, cherry, peach and apricot. 相似文献