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贵州牧草的主要病害有10种,分别是黑麦草(Lolium perenne)冠锈病(Puccinia coronata)、褐斑病(Bipolaris sorrkiniana)、大斑病(Drechslera siccans)、网斑病(Drechslera dictyoides)、禾草云斑病(Rhyncohsporium secalis);三叶草(Trifolium spp.)白粉病(Oidium sp.,Oidiopsis sp.)白绢根腐病(Sckrotium rolfsii)、褐纹斑病(Stemphylium sarciniiforme,S.botryosum);苜蓿(Medicago sativa)锈病(Uromyces striatus)、白绢病(Sclerotium rolfsii).本文概述这10种主要病害的病原、症状及发病规律,并提出相应的防治措施. 相似文献
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我国醉马草的几种病害 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
对我国醉马草的7种病害的病原茵、症状、危害和分布分别进行了描述,它们分别是：锈病(Puccinia stipae-sibiricae(Ito)Greene et Cumin．)、白粉痛(Blurneria graminis (Golov．)Speer)、茎黑粉病(Ustilago hypod ytes Fries)、麦角病(Sphacelia sp．)、离蠕孢叶斑病(Bipolaris sorokiniana(Sacc.)Shoemaker)、苗腐病(Alternaria alternata(Fr．)Keissl．)和内生真菌病害(Neotyphodium sp．)。其中白粉病、离蠕孢叶斑病和苗腐病为新记录病害。 相似文献
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2013与2014年对东北地区(黑龙江省与吉林省)与华北地区(河北省,内蒙古自治区)的紫花苜蓿病害进行了调查.此次调查在东北地区共发现紫花苜蓿病害14种,其中黑龙江省12种,吉林省10种;在华北地区共发现紫花苜蓿病害17种,其中河北省10种,内蒙古自治区13种.东北地区在生产中易大面积发生且危害较严重的病害主要有5种,分别为褐斑病,春季黑茎与叶斑病,匍柄霉叶斑病,霜霉病,镰刀菌根腐病,7-8月为病害高发期.华北地区各调查点病害种类差异较大,内蒙古自治区危害较严重的病害主要有5种,分别为霜霉病,锈病,匍柄霉叶斑病,春季黑茎与叶斑病,尖孢镰刀菌根腐病,发病高峰期为6-9月;河北省廊坊市危害较严重的病害主要有6种,分别为褐斑病,锈病,匍柄霉叶斑病,春季黑茎与叶斑病,木贼镰刀菌根腐病,炭疽病,发病高峰期为7-10月;河北省张家口市危害较严重的病害主要有4种,分别为霜霉病,褐斑病,锈病,春季黑茎与叶斑病,发病高峰期为6-10月. 相似文献
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草坪草红丝病与粉斑病的研究进展 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
草坪草红丝病(Laetisaria fuciformis)与粉斑病(Limonomyces roseipellis)是发生于世界各地温带地区的重要草坪草病害,L.fuciformis和Li.roseipellis可侵染大部分禾本科冷季型草坪草,其中对多年生黑麦草(Lolium perenne)及紫羊茅(Festuca rubra)危害最为严重,极大地影响了草坪草观赏价值和使用价值。近年来,这两种病害首次在我国热带地区相继报道,对海滨雀稗(Paspalum vaginatum)、结缕草(Zoysia spp.)和杂交狗牙根(C.dactylon×C.transvaalensis)等多种暖季型草坪草产生较大危害,然而我国对这两种病害的系统研究较少,因此,本文综述了这两种病害在世界范围内的发生分布、症状、病原以及病害发生规律,并对国内外草坪草红丝病和粉斑病的生态防治、化学防治和寄主的抗病性等方面进行了总结,以期为草坪草红丝病和粉斑病的快速诊断、预防和治理提供科学依据,为进一步深入研究红丝病和粉斑病提供基础资料。 相似文献
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2012-2016年对岷县当归(Angelica sinensis)病害的种类进行了调查,并对褐斑病和细菌性叶斑病进行了防治试验。结果表明,岷县当归病害主要为腐烂茎线虫(麻口)病(Ditylenchus destructor)、根腐病(Fusarium sp.)、褐斑病(Septoria sp.)、白粉病(Erysiphe heraclei)、灰霉病(Botrytis sp.)、炭疽病(Colletotrichum dematium)、菌核病(Sclerotinia sp.)、水烂病(Pseudomonas fluorescens)、细菌性油脉病、细菌性斑点病(病原待定)和病毒病(番茄花叶病毒ToMV);80%代森锰锌、10%苯醚甲环唑、70%甲基硫菌灵和46.1%氢氧化铜对当归褐斑病防效较好,分别为64.83%、59.66%、53.84%和51.56%;46.1%氢氧化铜、50%多菌灵和70%甲基硫菌灵对当归细菌性叶病防效较好,分别为74.20%、59.67%和58.07%;该研究结果为当归病害的诊断和防治提供了依据。 相似文献
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病害是造成牧草减产的重要原因之一 ,某些病害侵蚀的牧草饲喂家畜时还可能引起家畜的疾病 ,因此必须做好牧草栽培时病害的防治工作。苜蓿主要的真菌性病害有褐斑病、锈病、霜霉病、白粉病、黄萎病、黄斑病、菌核病及丝菌核病等 ,以下介绍几种常见病的症状及防治措施。1 苜蓿褐斑病苜蓿褐斑病又称普通叶斑病 ,初次种植当年苗期发病较少。发病初期叶片出现点状浅色褪绿斑 ,后逐渐扩大 ,多呈圆形 ,常在叶片正面的病斑中部有一深色突起 ,即病原菌的子座和子囊盘。病斑大小为 0 5～ 5毫米 ,病斑一般自植株下部叶片发生 ,逐渐向上蔓延。叶片上从… 相似文献
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苜蓿常见病害的诊断及防治 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
葛英慧 《畜牧兽医科技信息》2007,(2):95
我国苜蓿常见的病害主要有锈病、双霉病、褐斑病、白粉病、夏季黑茎病、黑茎和黄斑病等8种。其中锈病分布最为广泛,其次是双霉病、褐斑病、白粉病等,这四大病害也是豆科牧草的常见病和多发病。准确诊断病害症状,及时科学的防治在生产中很重要,把损失减轻。1锈病1.1病害症状发病 相似文献
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Forage acceptability of five cool season annual grasses and four annual clovers to yearling horses was evaluated in Georgia during winter and spring of two years. With cafeteria grazing trials, preference in consumption was determined by difference in forage harvested from mower strips before and after grazing. In four test grazing periods,annual ryegrass was preferred (P<.05) by the yearlings, averaging 75% apparent consumption of the dry forage. Oats and wheat were second in preference, averaging 47 and 41% respectively. Rye and triticale were least preferred, averaging only 35 and 32% apparent consumption, respectively. Of the annual clovers tested, crimson, berseem, and subterranean were all highly palatable (P<.05) to horses with an average consumption of 71% across all three clover varieties. Arrowleaf clover was unacceptable (P<.05), having only 22% apparent consumption. Yearling horses avoided grazing rye, triticale, and arrowleaf clover when other forages were available. 相似文献
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In grasses and clovers the highest concentrations of selenium were found in the leaves. The selenium content of different species in spring pastures on the same soil type did not vary widely although the slower growing and more deeply rooting species contained higher levels. The concentration of selenium in a pasture varied with time of the year, the lower levels being usually associated with conditions that stimulated rapid growth of the herbage, although factors other than growth rate were also involved. Lucerne appeared to be unusual in that in some areas it accumulated much higher levels of selenium than was found in other associated species. A very wide variation in levels of selenium in pastures growing on different soils has been observed 3-1500 ng/g). Selenium-responsive unthriftiness in grazing lambs occurred where the selenium content of spring pastures was <20 ng/g. Pastures containing >30 ng/g were apparently adequate while intermediate levels were probably marginally deficient. 相似文献
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In grasses and clovers the highest concentrations of selenium were found in the leaves. The selenium content of different species in spring pastures on the same soil type did not vary widely although the slower growing and more deeply rooting species contained higher levels. The concentration of selenium in a pasture varied with time of the year, the lower levels being usually associated with conditions that stimulated rapid growth of the herbage, although factors other than growth rate were also involved. Lucerne appeared to be unusual in that in some areas it accumulated much higher levels of selenium than was found in other associated species. A very wide variation in levels of selenium in pastures growing on different soils has been observed (3-1500 ng/g). Selenium-responsive unthriftiness in grazing lambs occurred where the selenium content of spring pastures was <20 ng/g. Pastures containing >30 ng/g were apparently adequate while intermediate levels were probably marginally deficient. 相似文献
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一年生黑麦草萌发期耐盐性综合评价 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
根据不同NaCl浓度模拟盐胁迫条件,对10个一年生黑麦草(Lolium multiflorum Lam.)品种萌发期的生长及生理生化指标进行研究,同时采用多元统计分析方法评价各个品种的耐盐性,旨在了解盐胁迫下萌发期耐盐特征及耐盐能力,为一年生黑麦草耐盐新品种选育、种质资源开发提供理论基础。结果表明:150 mmol·L-1NaCl盐浓度为该批种子的耐盐阈值,超过该浓度时,种子的萌发受到显著的抑制(P<0.05);通过方差分析显示,黑麦草不同品种间的相对发芽率、相对发芽势、根长/苗高、生物量、叶绿素含量、脯氨酸含量等10个指标差异性显著(P<0.05);最后采用聚类分析,10个黑麦草品种的耐盐性可以分成3类:第1类为相对耐盐,包括特高(Tetragold)、邦德(Abundant)、普通(Common);第2类杰威(Splendor)为中等耐盐,其余品种为第3类相对敏感品种。 相似文献
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丝茅侵入量对3种冷季型草坪草竞争力及生长潜力影响的差异 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过复合取代试验设计,设置5个侵入梯度,模拟丝茅入侵高羊茅、草地早熟禾、多年生黑麦草3种冷季型草坪幼坪,测定草坪草单株生物量、相对产量、相对产量总和、攻击力和竞争力及株高、分蘖数、茎基和根系性状等指标,研究侵入量对3种草坪草竞争力及生长潜力影响的差异。结果表明,1)丝茅与草坪草为拮抗关系,3种草坪草相对产量、相对产量总和极显著受丝茅入侵的影响(P<0.01),随侵入量增加草坪草的攻击力指数和种间竞争力不断下降,草种是影响草坪草攻击力和竞争力的主要因子,丝茅侵入量次之,受影响顺序为高羊茅>早熟禾>黑麦草;2)丝茅草侵入对3种草坪草分蘖数、茎基性状和根系性状均有显著影响,对分生再生能力的影响顺序为早熟禾>黑麦草>高羊茅,对根长和根生物量影响顺序为黑麦草>早熟禾>高羊茅;3)幼苗期黑麦草的现实攻击力和竞争力显著大于高羊茅和早熟禾(P<0.05),丝茅入侵对黑麦草根系胁迫度显著大于高羊茅和早熟禾(P<0.05),致使其生长潜力降低;高羊茅竞争力和攻击力虽低,而茎基和根系性状受丝茅入侵影响显著低于黑麦草和早熟禾,保持了极高的潜在生长力;4)丝茅入侵对3种草坪草竞争力和生长潜力均有影响,必将导致草坪种群组成与结构的破坏。所以,加强草坪养护、防治丝茅入侵,是提高草坪品质、延长草坪寿命的根本途径。 相似文献
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ABSTRACT: In December of 3 years, 87 beef cows with nursing calves (594 +/- 9.8 kg; calving season, September to November) at side were stratified by body condition score, body weight, cow age, and calf gender and divided randomly into 6 groups assigned to 1 of 6 cool-season annual pastures (0.45 ha/cow) that had been interseeded into a dormant common bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon [L.] Pers.)/bahiagrass (Paspalum notatum Flugge) sod. Pastures contained 1 of the following 3 seeding mixtures (2 pastures/mixture): 1) wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam., WRG), 2) wheat and ryegrass plus red clover (Trifolium pretense L., WRR), or 3) wheat and ryegrass plus white (Trifolium repens L.) and crimson clovers (Trifolium incarnatum L., WRW). All groups had ad libitum access to grass hay (12% crude protein; 58% total digestible nutrients). The second week in December, cow estrous cycles were synchronized and artificially inseminated. In late December, a bull was placed with each group for 60-d. Data were analyzed with an analysis of variance using a mixed model containing treatment as the fixed effect and year as the random effect. Body weight and condition scores did not differ (P > 0.27) among cows between February and June. Calf birth weights or average daily gain did not differ (P [greater than or equal to] 0.17) among treatments; however, calves grazing pastures with clovers did tend (P = 0.06) to weigh more than calves grazing grass only. Weaning weight per cow exposed to a bull was greater (P = 0.02) for WRR and WRW than WRG. Cows grazing winter-annual pastures containing clovers tended to wean more calf body weight per cow exposed to a bull than cows grazing the grass only pastures. 相似文献
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为探讨修剪高度和频度对冷季型草坪草生长及外观质量的影响机理,本研究对不同修剪高度和频度下冷季型草坪草高羊茅和多年生黑麦草的生长速率及外观质量进行了研究,结果表明：及时修剪可以保持草坪整齐一致,增加美感,调节草坪生长,增加草坪密度,提高竞争力,减少杂草侵入.提出每周修剪2次比1次更能促进高羊茅和黑麦草草坪的生长;低茬比高茬修剪能促进高羊茅和黑麦草草坪的生长.从外观质量评定结果看,高羊茅/黑麦草以高茬修剪为好;修剪对高羊茅/黑麦草的根系长度和生物量的影响程度在各个处理间均不显著. 相似文献
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在中国科学院海北高寒草甸定位站以一年生黑麦草(Lolium perenne)、小黑麦(Triticale hexaploide)、燕麦(Avena sativa)和垂穗披碱草(Elymus nutans)为研究对象,对其产草量、牧草营养品质进行测定,以探讨不同牧草的产量和品质。结果表明:小黑麦干草产量为1345.50 g·m-2,显著高于一年生黑麦草(974.93 g·m-2)、垂穗披碱草(301.75 g·m-2)和燕麦(329.60 g·m-2)。小黑麦产量是垂穗披碱草和燕麦干草产量的4~4.5倍,是黑麦草干草产量的1.4倍。垂穗披碱草粗蛋白(CP)含量显著高于一年生黑麦草和小黑麦(P<0.05),一年生黑麦草粗蛋白(CP)含量最小。单位面积粗蛋白(CP)产量、粗脂肪(EE)产量、中性洗涤纤维(NDF)产量和酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)产量以一年生黑麦草最高,显著高于小黑麦、垂穗披碱草和燕麦(P<0.05)。 相似文献
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14个多年生牧草品种在川西北高寒牧区适应性研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
采用田间小区方法,以2014~2017年在四川省甘孜州道孚县乾宁种畜场对早熟禾(Poa pratensis)、多年生黑麦草(Lolium perenne)、雀麦(Bromus inermis)、猫尾草(Phleum pratense)、细茎冰草(Agropyron trachycaulum)、扁穗冰草(Agropyron cristatum)和紫花苜蓿(Medicago sativa)共14个品种同期播种,连续4年进行田间观察和产草量测定。结果表明:在川西北地区种植的14个牧草品种细茎冰草因越冬率低,不适应当地环境,在2016年低全部死亡,其余13个草品种都可安全越冬,正常生长,但不同品种产草量差异显著或极显著。从产量总趋势分析,诺言猫尾草、乌苏1号无芒雀麦、热销多年生黑麦草、新速Ⅱ多年生黑麦草、三得利紫花苜蓿等5个品种产量较高,值得在本区生产上应用推广。 相似文献