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1.
Comparative genetic mapping of loci affecting plant height and development in cereals 总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11
Restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) mapping data for genes determining dwarfness (GA insensitive and GA sensitive),
vernalisation response and photoperiodic response in wheat, rye and barley were compared and their homoeologous relationships
discussed. The GA insensitive Rht genes of wheat are not related to the GA insensitive dwarfing genes of rye or barley; however,
homoeology is present for two members of the GA sensitive dwarfing genes of wheat (Rht12) and rye (Ddw1), located on the translocated
segments of the long arms of chromosomes 5A and 5R, respectively. The comparative mapping of the Triticeae group 5 vernalisation
response genes of wheat, rye and barley, and the group 2 photoperiodic response genes of wheat and barley, show that both
gene families are located in homoeologous regions of the particular chromosomes.
This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
2.
Comparative mapping and its use for the genetic analysis of agronomic characters in wheat 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Summary The advent of molecular marker systems has made it possible to develop comparative genetic maps of the genomes of related species in the Triticeae. These maps are being applied to locate and evaluate allelic and homoeoallelic variation for major genes and quantitative trait loci within wheat, and to establish the pleiotropic effects of genes. Additionally, the known locations of genes in related species can direct searches for homoeologous variation in wheat and thus facilitate the identification of new genes. Examples of such analyses include the validation of the effects of Vrn1 on chromosome 5A on flowering time in different crosses within wheat; the indication of pleiotropic effects for stress responses by the Fr1 locus on chromosome 5A; the detection of homoeologous variation for protein content on the homoeologous Group 5 chromosomes; and the detection of a new photoperiod response gene Ppd-H1 in barley from homoeology with Ppd2 of wheat. 相似文献
3.
O. Dobrovolskaya T. A. Pshenichnikova V. S. Arbuzova U. Lohwasser M. S. Röder A. Börner 《Euphytica》2007,155(3):285-293
Two major genes controlling leaf pubescence were mapped on chromosomes 4BL (Hl1) and 7BS (Hl2
Aesp
) in wheat (Saratovskaya 29) and a wheat/Aegilops introgression line (102/00I), respectively, together with quantitative trait loci (QTLs) determining hairiness of the leaf margin (QHl.ipk-4B, QHl.ipk-4D) and auricle (QPa.ipk-4B, QPa.ipk-4D) on the long arms of chromosomes 4B and 4D, respectively. The QTLs on chromosome 4D were contributed by a synthetic wheat
and, therefore, originated from Aegilops tauschii. The homoeologous group 4 wheat/A. tauschii genes/QTLs detected in the present study were aligned with the barley pubescence genes Hln/Hsh and Hs
b
and the hairy peduncle rye gene Hp1. The locus seems to be pleiotropically responsible for the pubescence of different plant organs in different species of the
Triticeae. Another homoeologous series may be present on the short arms of the homoeologous group 7 chromosomes, based on
the results of an allelic test cross between the Chinese local cultivar Hong-mang-mai carrying Hl2 and the wheat/Aegilops speltoides introgression line 102/00I. 相似文献
4.
Waiting for fine times: genetics of flowering time in wheat 总被引：17，自引：0，他引：17
To maximise yield potential in any environment, wheat cultivars musthave an appropriate flowering time and life cycle duration which`fine-tunes' the life cycle to the target environment. This in turn, requiresa detailed knowledge of the genetical control of the key components of thelife cycle. This paper discusses our current knowledge of the geneticalcontrol of the three key groups of genes controlling life-cycle duration inwheat, namely those controlling vernalization response, photoperiodresponse and developmental rate (`earliness per se', Eps genes).It also discusses how our ability to carry out comparative mapping of thesegenes across Triticeae species, and particularly with barley, is indicatingnew target genes for discovery in wheat. Major genes controllingvernalization response, the Vrn-1 series, have now been located bothgenetically and physically on the long arms of the homoeologous group fivechromosomes. These genes are homoeologous to each other and to thevernalization genes on chromosomes 5H of barley and 5R of rye.Comparative analysis with barley also indicates that other series ofvernalization response genes may exit on chromosomes of homoeologousgroups 4 (4B, 4D, 5A) and 1. The major genes controlling photoperiodresponse in wheat, the Ppd-1 genes, are located on the homoeologousgroup 2 chromosomes, and are homoeologous to a gene on barleychromosome 2H. Mapping in barley also indicates a photoperiod responselocus on barley 1H and 6H, indicating that a homoeologous series shouldexist on wheat group 1 and 6 chromosomes. In wheat, only a few`earliness per se loci have been located, such as on chromosomes ofhomoeologous group 2. However, in barley, all chromosomes appear tocarry such loci, indicating that several series of loci that affectdevelopmental rate independent of environment remain to be discovered.Overall, comparative studies indicate that there are probably twenty-fiveloci controlling the duration of the life-cycle, Vrn, Ppd and Eps genes, that remain to be mapped in wheat. There are major gaps inour knowledge of the detailed physiological effects of genes discovered todate on the timing of the life cycle from different sowing dates. This isbeing addressed by studying the phenology of isogenic and deletion lines inboth field and controlled environmental conditions. This has indicated thatthe vernalization genes have major effects on the rate of primodiaproduction, whilst the photoperiod genes affect the timing of terminalspikelet production and stem elongation, and these effects interact withsowing date. 相似文献
5.
The hexaploid wheat genome is too complex for direct map-basedcloning and model genomes have to be used to isolate genes from wheat.Comparative genomic analysis at the genetic map level has shown extensiveconservation of the gene order between the different grass genomes inmany chromosomal regions. However, little is known about the geneorganization in grass genomes at the microlevel. We have investigated themicrocollinearity at Lrk gene loci in the genomes of four grass species:wheat, barley, maize and rice. The Lrk genes, which encodereceptor-like kinases, were found to be consistently associated with anothertype of receptor-like kinase (Tak) on chromosome groups 1 and 3 inTriticeae and on chromosomes homoeologous to Triticeae group 3 in theother grass genomes. On Triticeae chromosome group 1, Tak and Lrk together with genes putatively encoding NBS/LRR proteins form acluster of genes. Comparison of the gene composition at orthologous Lrk loci in wheat, barley and rice revealed a maximal gene density of onegene per 5 kb. We conclude that small and large grass genomes containregions which are highly enriched in genes. Microrearrangements betweendifferent grass genomes have been found and therefore, the choice of agood model genome is critical. We have recently started to work on theT. monococcum model genome and confirmed its usefulness foranalysis of the Lr10 leaf rust disease resistance locus in wheat. 相似文献
6.
I. Leonova E. Pestsova E. Salina T. Efremova M. Röder A. Börner G. Fischbeck 《Plant Breeding》2003,122(3):209-212
An F2 population segregating for the dominant gene Vrn‐B1 was developed from the cross of the substitution line ‘Diamant/'Miro‐novskaya 808 5A’ and the winter wheat cultivar ‘Bezostaya 1′. Microsatellite markers (Xgwm and Xbarc) with known map locations on chromosome 5B of common wheat were used for mapping the gene Vrn‐B1. Polymorphism between parental varieties was observed for 28 out of 34 microsatellite markers (82%). Applying the quantitative trait loci mapping approach, the target gene was mapped on the long arm of chromosome 5B, closely linked to Xgwm408. The map position of Vrn‐B1 suggests that the gene is homoeologous to other vernalization response genes located on the homoeologous group 5 chromosomes of wheat, rye and barley. 相似文献
7.
Molecular mapping of major genes and quantitative trait loci determining flowering time in response to photoperiod in barley 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
Two major genes (eam8 and eam10) and two quantitative trait loci (QTL) determining flowering time in barley were associated with restriction fragment length polymorphism markers. The loci eam8 and eam10 were found to map in regions of chromosomes 1HL and 3HL, respectively, already estimated from previous classical linkage analyses. While investigating doubled haploid lines of a spring habit barley mapping population, two QTL for flowering time were detected on chromosomes 1HL and 7HS, respectively, when the material was grown under long photoperiod conditions. When growing the same lines under short photoperiod, no QTL were discernible. Allelic and homoeologous relationships with flowering time loci described earlier in barley and other Triticeae species are discussed. 相似文献
8.
9.
为了研究线粒体基因组在小麦族物种中的遗传变异与进化关系，选用小麦族的14个二倍体及7个多倍体物种，对其线粒体rrn18-trnfM基因区域进行PCR扩增并对扩增所得的片段进行克隆测序。获得大小不同的2种片段类型，大片段为513或515bp，小片段为447或449bp。其主要差异在trnfM区，即大片段存在trnfM基因，小片段缺失trnfM基因，再次证明以前报道的大麦属和小麦属间的分歧。而中间偃麦草同时存在两扩增片段类型，表明多倍体物种mtDNA具有双亲遗传现象。中间偃麦草的RT-PCR分析发现小片段没有转录，大片段能转录，因而考虑高频重组和选择性表达作为中间偃麦草的线粒体基因组独特的进化系统，这与核基因组进化系统不同。 相似文献
10.
Chromosome pairing was analysed in F1 hybrids of the wheat cultivar ‘Chinese Spring’ (CS) and its ph1b mutant (CSphlb) with Dasypyrum villosum. On average, 1.61 chromosomes per cell paired in the hybrid CS ×D. villosum, but 14.43 in the hybrid CS ph1b×D. villosum. Genomic fluorescence in situ hybridization (GISH) revealed three types of homoeologous association between wheat (W) and D. villosum (D) chromosomes (W‐D, D‐W‐W and D‐W‐D) in pollen mother cells of the CS ph1b×D. villosum hybrid, and only one type (W‐W), in the CS ×D. villosum hybrid. Both F1 hybrids were self‐sterile. The seed set of the backcross of CS ×D. villosum with CS was 6.67% and that of CS ph1b×D. villosum with CS or CS ph1b was only 0.45%. The chromosome number of BC1 plants varied from 48 to 72. Translocations of chromosome segments or entire arms between wheat and D. villosum chromosomes were detected by GISH in the BC1 plants from the backcross of CS ph1b×D. villosum to CS ph1b. 相似文献
11.
小麦EST-SSR标记的开发和染色体定位及其在追踪黑麦染色体中的应用 总被引：7，自引：1，他引：6
根据小麦盐胁迫诱导和茎秆组织相关EST序列开发了81对EST-SSR引物, 其中67、46、18和61对分别在小麦、黑麦、簇毛麦和大麦基因组中稳定扩增, 在不同小麦和大麦品种间具有多态性的引物分别有22和23对。利用小麦缺体-四体系共定位了43对引物的81个位点, 其中A、B和D染色体组上分别有29、30和22个位点, 涉及除4B、3D和6D外的18条染色体。此外30对引物在黑麦基因组中具有特异扩增, 其中8对分别在黑麦1R、4R、5R和R7染色体上具有特异扩增, 7对在多条黑麦染色体具有相同扩增。这些新标记可有效用于小麦及其近缘物种的遗传作图与比较遗传研究。 相似文献
12.
E. K. Khlestkina E. A. Salina I. E. Matthies I. N. Leonova A. Börner M. S. Röder 《Euphytica》2011,179(2):333-341
The F3
h gene encoding flavanone 3-hydroxylase, one of the key enzymes of the flavonoid biosynthesis pathway, is involved in plant
defense response, however, it has not yet been genetically mapped in such important crop species as wheat, barley and rye.
In the current study, the F3
h genes were for the first time genetically mapped in these species, using microsatellite and RFLP markers. The three wheat
F3
h homoeologous copies F3
h-A1, F3
h-B1 and F3
h-D1, and rye F3
h-R1 were mapped close to the microsatellite loci Xgwm0877 and Xgwm1067 on chromosomes 2AL, 2BL, 2DL, and 2RL, respectively. Wheat F3
h-G1 and barley F3
h-H1 were also mapped at the homoeologous F3
h-1 position on chromosomes 2GL and 2HL, respectively. The non-homoeologous F3
h gene (F3
h-B2) was mapped on wheat chromosome 2BL about 40 cM distal to the F3
h-1 map position. The results obtained in the current study are important for further studies aimed on manipulation with F3
h expression (and, hence, plant defense) in wheat, barley and rye. 相似文献
13.
为了研究线粒体基因组在小麦族物种中的遗传变异与进化关系,选用小麦族的14个二倍体及7个多倍体物种,对其线粒体rrn18-trnfM 基因区域进行PCR扩增并对扩增所得的片段进行克隆测序。获得大小不同的2种片段类型,大片段为513或515 bp,小片段为447或449 bp。其主要差异在trnfM区,即大片段存在trnfM基因,小片段缺失trnfM基因,再次证明以前报道的大麦属和小麦属间的分歧。而中间偃麦草同时存在两扩增片段类型,表明多倍体物种mtDNA具有双亲遗传现象。中间偃麦草的RT-PCR分析发现小片段没有转录,大片段能转录,因而考虑高频重组和选择性表达作为中间偃麦草的线粒体基因组独特的进化系统,这与核基因组进化系统不同。 相似文献
14.
High‐throughput development of SSR marker candidates and their chromosomal assignment in rye (Secale cereale L.) 
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下载免费PDF全文 Shotgun survey sequences of flow‐sorted individual rye chromosomes were data mined for the presence of simple sequence repeats (SSRs). For 787,850 putative SSR loci, a total of 358,660 PCR primer pairs could be designed and 51,138 nonredundant SSR marker candidates were evaluated by in silico PCR. Of the 51,138 SSR primer candidates, 1,277 were associated with 1,125 rye gene models. A total of 2,112 of the potential SSR markers were randomly selected to represent about equal numbers for each of the rye chromosomes, and 856 SSRs were assigned to individual rye chromosomes experimentally. Potential transferability of rye SSRs to wheat and barley was of low efficiency with 4.3% (2,189) and 0.4% (223) of rye SSRs predicted to be amplified in wheat and barley, respectively. This data set of rye chromosome‐specific SSR markers will be useful for the specific detection of rye chromatin introgressed into wheat as well as for low‐cost genetic and physical mapping in rye without the need for high‐tech equipment. 相似文献
15.
Genomic in situ hybridization (GISH) and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) were used to identify the Leymus multicaulis (XXNN, 2n = 28) chromosomes in wheat-L. muliticaulis derivatives. Fifteen lines containing L. multicaulis alien chromosomes or chromosomal fragments were identified. All alien chromosomes or fragments in these 15 lines were from
the X genome and none were from the N genome. Eleven L. multicaulis disomic addition lines and four translocation-addition lines were identified with chromosome rearrangements among homoeologous
groups 2, 3, 6 and 7. Only homoeologous group 1 lacked rearrangements in addition or translocation chromosomes. The results
revealed that translocation in non-homoeologous chromosomes widely exists in the Triticeae and therefore it is necessary to
identify the alien chromosomes
(segments) in a wheat background using these combined techniques. During the course of the work, probe PSR112, was found to
detect X genome addition lines involving L. multicaulischromosomes. This may prove to be a valuable probe for the identification of alien chromosomes in a wheat background.
This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
16.
Responses to salt stress controlled by the homoeologous group 5 chromosomes of hexaploid wheat 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
The responses to salt stress in NFT (nutrient film) hydroponics of ‘Chinese Spring’ wheat and a number of its aneuploids involving the chromosomes of homoeologous group 5 were studied. This showed that the absence of chromosome 5D allowed plants to survive better than in the euploid condition. Much of this response could be related to the effects of Vrn3, which conditions the spring habit of ‘Chinese Spring’. The ability to survive relatively high levels of stress was promoted by the group 5 homoeologue from Thinopyrum bessarabicum. 相似文献
17.
Oligogenic control of resistance to soil‐borne viruses SBCMV and WSSMV in rye (Secale cereale L.) 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 Wiltrud Erath Eva Bauer Ute Kastirr Malthe Schmidt Viktor Korzun Brigitta Schmiedchen Peer Wilde Chris‐Carolin Schön 《Plant Breeding》2016,135(5):552-559
Rye production in European growing areas is constrained by the soilborne cereal mosaic virus (SBCMV) and the wheat spindle streak mosaic virus (WSSMV). To date, no European rye cultivars are known to exhibit resistance against these viruses. In this study, we pursued a quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping strategy to identify genomic regions for resistance to SBCMV and WSSMV in rye. Three populations, each comprising 100 lines segregating for resistance to SBCMV and/or WSSMV, were evaluated for disease response at two years in three locations in Germany where soils are naturally infested with SBCMV and WSSMV. In the combined analysis across environments, one QTL for SBCMV resistance on chromosome 5R explained 31.9% of the phenotypic variation in one of the populations. For WSSMV resistance, one QTL explaining up to 64.0% of the phenotypic variation was detected on chromosome 7R in each of the three populations. On the Triticeae homoeologous group 5, we found evidence for synteny of the major QTL for SBCMV resistance between the wheat and rye genomes. 相似文献
18.
T. D. Murray R. C. de la Pena A. Yildirim S. S. Jones C. O. Qualset 《Plant Breeding》1994,113(4):281-286
Resistance to Pseudocercosporella herpotrichoides in five wheat cultivars, accession W6 7283 of Dasypyrum villosum, and ‘Chinese Spring’ disomic addition lines of the D. villosum chromosomes IV, 2V, 4V, 5V, 6V and 7V, was evaluated in seedlings by measuring disease progress 6 weeks after inoculation with a β—glucuronidase—transformed strain of the pathogen and by visual estimates of disease severity. D. villosum and the disomic addition line of chromosome 4V were as resistant as wheat cultivars ‘VPM—1’ and ‘Cappelle Desprez’, but less resistant than ‘Rendezvous’. Resistance of the chromosome 4V disomic addition line was equivalent to that of D. villosum.‘Chinese Spring’ and disomic addition lines of IV, 2V, 5V, 6V and 7V were all susceptible. These results confirm Sparaguee's (1936) report of resistance in D. villosum to P. herpotrichoides and establish the chromosomal location for the genes controlling resistance. The presence of chromosome 4V in the addition line and its homocology to chromosome 4 in wheat were confirmed by Southern analysis of genomic DNA using chromosome group 4-specific clones. This genetic locus is not homoeologous with other known genes for resistance to P. herpotrichoides located on chromosome group 7, and thus represents a new source of resistance to this pathogen. 相似文献
19.
The derivation of compensating translocations involving homoeologous group 3 chromosomes of wheat and rye 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Summary The Sr27 translocation in WRT238 was found to consist of chromosome arms 3RS of rye and 3AS of common wheat. An attempt was made to purposely produce compensating translocations having 3RS and a wheat homoeologous group 3L arm. To achieve this, plants, double monosomic for 3R and a wheat homoeologous group 3 chromosome, were irradiated (7.5 Gy gamma rays) or left untreated before being used to pollinate stem rust susceptible testers. Segregation for stem rust resistance was studied to identify F2 families with Sr27-carrying translocated chromosomes, these were confirmed by means of C-banding. Compensating translocations 3RS3AL and 3RS3BL) were obtained readily and at similar frequencies from untreated and irradiated plants (respectively, 7.2% and 9.3%). Both translocation types have impaired transmission and segregate approximately 3: 2 (present: absent) in the F2. 相似文献
20.
Agnieszka Grądzielewska 《Euphytica》2006,152(3):441-454
Dasypyrum villosum (L.) P. Candargy is discussed as a species commonly used in wheat improvement. Chromosomal localization of the potentially useful traits and chromosomal position of some morphological and isozyme markes are shown. The investigations using molecular RAPD, AFLP, SSR, RFLP markers and in situ (GISH, FISH) hybridization experiments on D. villosum itself and in wide hybrids with Triticum are summarized. The article also presents the information about designation of D. villosum chromosomes and the current knowledge on the phenomenon of two-coloured D. villosum caryopses. 相似文献