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1.
细辛叶枯病病原菌及其生物学研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
研究确认细辛叶枯病病原菌为槭菌刺孢(Mycocentrospora acerina(Hartig) Deighton),是我国真菌新记录种。该菌分生孢子萌芽和菌丝生长的最适温度为15~20℃、最适pH7。分生孢子在清水中即可萌芽,条件适宜时0.5h即可产生芽突、5h萌芽率近100%。分生孢子致死温度接近50℃。田间病残叶上的分生孢子230天后仍具9%的萌芽率。新生菌丝在有光条件下可产生鲜艳的玫瑰红色素。该菌在供试的多种培养基上不能形成分生孢子,采用菌块切割、水滴保湿的方法可以诱生大量分生孢子。该菌对细辛有较强的致病性,在人工培养条件下可以产生毒素。 相似文献
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本文采用林木病害研究的常规方法,研究了松针褐斑病病原菌分生孢子越冬期和低温保存期萌发率,几种杀菌剂对病菌分生孢子的抑菌率,为该病的预测预报及林间防治提供了理论依据。实验证明:分生孢子萌芽率较强,越冬期还是低温保存后都具有萌发能力,但随着保存期的增加,萌发率逐渐下降。供试杀菌剂对分生孢子都具抑制作用,其中以0.5％～1％的波尔多液为佳,多菌灵800倍液次之。 相似文献
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方中达先生曾提出,玻片培养是好的检视法,本文报导一种以“玻片培养”为基础,制作具分生孢子梗和分生孢子排列的青霉属(Penicillium)菌落永久片的方法,现在简报如下: 方法 1.取洁净的玻片,上滴1—2滴适宜的培养液。例如培养青霉菌时,可用桔子的汁。 2.挑取适量菌原接种,注意疏密均匀。 3.适温保湿培养直至菌丝繁茂,形成菌落,分生孢子梗和分生孢子大量生长,菌落边缘是菌丝分布疏密适度之处。 4.火焰固定。酒精灯火焰上来回荡烘至分生孢子梗绝大部份倒伏。 5.龙胆紫滴染1—2分钟。吸水纸仔细吸 相似文献
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马铃薯早疫病菌分生孢子萌发条件的研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
为了明确马铃薯早疫病菌分生孢子萌发的条件,研究了温度、湿度、pH、光照、营养条件等对马铃薯早疫病菌分生孢子萌发的影响。结果表明,分生孢子在水滴中于30℃1 h即可萌发,8 h后达到萌发高峰,萌发率为98.4%;萌发的最适温度为30℃;相对湿度85%以上均可萌发,水滴中萌发率最高;pH6~10的条件利于分生孢子萌发;紫外线对分生孢子萌发有抑制作用;无机氮源中的铵态氮和尿素对孢子萌发有抑制作用,有机氮源中半胱氨酸和谷氨酸对孢子萌发有抑制作用;山梨糖不利于分生孢子萌发;光照对分生孢子萌发也有抑制作用;分生孢子致死温度是57℃。 相似文献
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白粉寄生孢寄生黄瓜白粉菌的特性研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
采用白粉寄生孢（Ampelomyces quisqualis Ces.AQ）接种离体条件下赛璐酚上黄瓜白粉菌［Sphaerotheca fuliginea (Schlecht)Poll.］和活体条件下黄瓜白粉菌后,通过棉兰染色和显微观察分析,初步明确了白粉寄生孢的侵染寄生过程。白粉寄生孢分生孢子产生芽管可入侵黄瓜白粉菌的分生孢子、菌丝、分生孢子梗;有时黄瓜白粉菌串生的分生孢子、分生孢子梗可被2~3条白粉寄生孢的菌丝寄生,随着寄生过程的进一步发展,黄瓜白粉菌的分生孢子梗基部膨大成无色的椭圆形或球形,其上逐渐产生由黄色至褐色的白粉寄生孢的分生孢子器,器内含有大量的分生孢子。 相似文献
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本研究采用不同的染色方法和显微技术观察橡胶树白粉病菌(Oidium heveae)分生孢子的超微结构,分生孢子在不同介质表面及不同介质溶液中的萌发情况,以及孢子萌发过程中孢内主要物质的变化,以明确O. heveae分生孢子在不同介质萌发的形态变化及萌发所需能量来源。结果表明：O. heveae 分生孢子表面具有较浅的花纹结构,呈椭圆形或者卵圆形,大小为26.1~45.1μm×13.5~21.9μm。O. heveae 分生孢子在亲水和疏水介质上均能萌发产生芽管和附着胞,在葡萄糖水中的萌发率略高于清水中,但萌发率无显著性差异 (P>0.05),芽管和附着胞形成与形态无明显差别。分生孢子萌发过程中,几个液泡会融合形成一个,最终消散而呈不明显可见的泡囊结构。孢子内的糖原、脂质及分裂后的核仁等可通过芽管向附着胞输送,表明O. heveae 分生孢子萌发所需能量物质主要来源于自身能量贮备。 相似文献
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小麦白粉菌无性阶段生物学特性研究初报 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
小麦白粉菌分生孢子萌发的温度范围为-2~34℃,最适为10~17℃。分生孢子离体后在2℃ 5天,7~17℃ 3天,20℃ 2天都还有侵染力。分生孢子在0~100%的湿度下都可以萌发,湿度愈大萌发率愈高,尤以在水面萌发率最高。分生孢子侵入寄主的湿度必须在65%以上,湿度愈大发病愈重。分生孢子在pH2.2~12.4的范围内都可以萌发,以pH4.2~7.7最适。紫外光对分生孢子有强裂的杀伤作用。在直射阳光下分生孢子的寿命比散光和黑暗条件下短。分生孢子荫发必须要有充足的氧气。光照能促使分生孢子的形成。在自然条件下,分生孢子形成有昼夜变化的规律,白天形成的孢子数比夜间形成的孢子数约大3倍。分生孢子传播的有效距离力15公里以上,传播的有效高度大于979公尺。 相似文献
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棉花凝集素的分离纯化及其对棉花枯萎病菌的影响 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
通过几丁质柱层析和Sephadex G-75过滤,得到SDS-PAGE电泳显一条蛋白带,专性结合甘露糖和葡萄糖,能凝集兔血红细胞的棉花凝集素,分子量为13400。利用电镜和凝集素探针检测棉花枯萎病菌分生孢子表面结构,发现分生孢子壁的骨架成份是几丁质,甘露糖和葡萄糖位于分生孢子壁外层,半乳糖被甘露糖和葡萄糖复盖。分子量为13,400的棉花凝集素能凝集枯萎病菌分生孢子,并抑制分生孢子萌发。 相似文献
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接种黄瓜白粉菌后16 h的黄瓜叶片用透明胶带在子叶表面粘孢子取样的平均发芽率与用台盼蓝染色后在光学显微镜下调查的发芽率分别为83.7%和85.0%,t测验无显著差异,表明透明胶带取样的发芽率可以代表黄瓜叶片上白粉病菌孢子的发芽率。采用孢子萌发法和叶碟法分别测定了醚菌酯、植物源活性组分大黄素甲醚(P3D)对8个黄瓜白粉菌菌株的EC50。统计结果表明:采用两种方法测定醚菌酯P、3D对黄瓜白粉菌的EC50的相关系数的平方值分别为0.880、.99,表明两种方法的测定结果有很强的相关性;采用该孢子萌发法可评价化合物对植物专性寄生病菌如白粉菌孢子萌发的生物活性。 相似文献
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Y. Luo Z. Ma H. C. Reyes D. Morgan T. J. Michailides 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2007,118(2):145-154
The fungal pathogen Monilinia fructicola causes blossom blight and fruit brown rot of stone fruits in California. In this study, spore densities in the air were monitored
in six orchard/year combinations with Burkard spore traps. A real-time PCR assay was developed to efficiently quantify the
dynamics of spore density in these orchards during the growing season. Different patterns of dynamics of spore density were
observed in these orchards. A linear relationship between numbers of spores counted with a compound microscope and those determined
with the real-time PCR assay was obtained, using the same samples of spore traps. Spore density in five of six orchard/year
combinations ranged from 0.0 to 0.05 spores l−1, except for that in orchard 4, which showed much higher values of spore density in the air, as well as higher values and
wider range of incidences of blossom infection and fruit rot than those in the other orchards. The results demonstrated a
potential method to quantitatively determine spore inoculum potential in orchards by using a real-time PCR assay. 相似文献
13.
The potential use of DNA-based methods for detecting airborne inoculum of Leptosphaeria maculans and Pyrenopeziza brassicae , both damaging pathogens of oilseed rape, was investigated. A method for purifying DNA from spores collected using Hirst-type spore samplers and detecting it using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays is described. For both pathogens, the sensitivities of the DNA assays were similar for spore-trap samples and pure spore suspensions. As few as 10 spores of L. maculans or P. brassicae could be detected by PCR and spores of both species could be detected against a background of spores of six other species. The method successfully detected spores of P. brassicae collected using spore traps in oilseed rape crops that were infected with P. brassicae. Leptosphaeria maculans spores were detected using spore traps on open ground close to L. maculans -infected oilseed rape stems. The potential use of PCR detection of airborne inoculum in forecasting the diseases caused by these pathogens is discussed. 相似文献
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一种改进的尖孢镰刀菌的实时荧光定量PCR检测方法 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为实现荧光定量PCR对土壤病原真菌数量更为高效、灵敏的检测,本研究将液体培养的孢子悬浮液和长年耕作的水稻土制作成孢子浓度为4×10~1~4×10~6 spore/g的带菌土,采用MoBio PowerSoil@DNA Isolation Kit提取模拟带菌土壤总DNA,引入常规PCR预扩增包含qPCR目标序列的1 446bp片段,以预PCR产物为模板进行qPCR,构建荧光定量PCR标准曲线。研究结果表明:以试剂盒提取的带菌土壤总DNA为模板绘制的qPCR标准曲线相关系数r为0.985,检测下限为4×10~3 spore/g土;引入预PCR后,qPCR标准曲线相关系数r为0.974,检测下限为4×10~2 spore/g土,较未引入时提高了10倍,结合不同土壤病原真菌的特异性引物,该检测方法可为土壤病原真菌的有效定量检测提供技术支撑。 相似文献
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Patterns of spore deposition by Fusarium circinatum, the causal agent of pine pitch canker (PPC) of Monterey pine (Pinus radiata) and other conifers, were studied between May 2003 and April 2004 at two sites in Northern California using a novel spore trapping method combined with a real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) approach. At each study site, two plots were sampled by placing spore traps at 100 m intervals along transects 600 m in length. The air was sampled continuously by exchanging the spore traps every 2 weeks. The spore deposition rate (DR), ranged from 0 to 1.3 x 10(5) spores m(2). Spores were detected throughout the year, with higher trapping frequencies (TF) during the rainy season (November to April), than during the dry season (May to October). The detection of spores on traps at distances larger than 200 m from any Monterey pine, suggests at least midrange aerial dispersal. Finally, different inoculum loads were associated with trees displaying different levels of disease symptoms, suggesting infectiousness of the pathogen varies as the disease progresses. This study represents one of the first documenting continuous inoculum pressure values over an entire year for a forest pathogen, and provides important epidemiological information that will be invaluable in the development of disease progression models. 相似文献
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The aerodynamic diameters of conidia of five species of Alternaria and Stemphylium botryosum were estimated using an inertial impaction method based on a May Ultimate Impactor. The same technique was used to estimate the aerodynamic diameter of unidentified Alternaria species collected from an oilseed rape crop. Aerodynamic diameters tended to increase with spore length or diameter and ranged from about 10 to 40 μm, although spore length ranged from about 10 to 220 μm. It was also found that the aerodynamic diameter, and therefore the fall speed of Alternaria -like spores, can be estimated from cylinders of unit density and the same length and mean diameter of the spores. 相似文献
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ZJUF0986活性代谢产物对稻瘟病菌致病性的影响 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
通过菌丝生长速率法和悬滴法测定ZJUF0986活性代谢产物对稻瘟病菌菌丝生长、孢子萌发和附着胞形成的影响。结果表明,ZJUF0986活性代谢产物对稻瘟病菌菌丝生长的有效中浓度EC50为18.55mg/L,与对照药剂三环唑的EC50(17.30mg/L)相比无显著性差异。活性代谢产物不仅影响孢子萌发,也显著降低附着胞的形成。浓度为10mg/L的活性代谢物可完全抑制孢子萌发及附着胞的形成;浓度为1.25mg/L时则明显延缓孢子萌发及附着胞的形成,处理48h后的孢子萌发率和附着胞形成率分别为62.17%和38.46%。以浓度为1.25mg/L活性代谢产物处理的稻瘟病菌孢子悬浮液接种离体大麦叶片,病原菌孢子在大麦叶片表面能部分萌发形成附着胞,但侵染栓形成延迟,致病性明显降低。 相似文献
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串珠镰刀菌细胞壁多糖激活寄生菌纤细齿梗孢的孢子萌发 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
利用碱抽提法从串珠镰刀菌(Fusarium moniliforme)菌丝细胞壁得到多糖粗提物。该多糖提取物可以激活寄生于串珠镰刀菌上的活体寄生真菌纤细齿梗孢(Olpitrichum tenellum)的孢子萌发,多糖浓度为0.2 mg/m L时,萌发率达80.5%。纤细齿梗孢的孢子仅在存在该多糖提取物的条件下才能萌发,在马铃薯-葡萄糖或葡萄糖-酵母液体培养基上不能萌发,一些糖、氨基酸、无机盐、维生素不能促使其萌发,光也不影响萌发。纤细齿梗孢孢子萌发最适p H是7.0,最适温度25℃。结果表明,串珠镰刀菌菌丝细胞壁多糖可能在激活纤细齿梗孢孢子萌发中起重要作用。 相似文献