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1.
1. The aim of the present experiment was to examine the influence of whole wheat inclusion and a blend of essential oils (EO; cinnamaldehyde and thymol) supplementation on the performance, nutrient utilisation, digestive tract development and ileal microbiota profile of broiler chickens. 2. The experimental design was a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement of treatments evaluating two wheat forms (ground wheat [GW] and whole wheat [WW]; 100 and 200 g/kg WW replacing GW during starter [1 to 21 d] and finisher [22 to 35 d] diets respectively) and two levels of EO inclusion (0 or 100 g/tonne diet). All dietary treatments were supplemented with 2000 xylanase units/kg feed. Broiler starter and finisher diets based on wheat and soybean meal were formulated and each diet fed ad libitum to 6 pens of 8 male broilers. 3. During the trial period (1-35 d), wheat form had no significant effect on weight gain or feed intake. However, WW inclusion tended (P = 0.06) to improve feed per gain. Essential oil supplementation significantly improved weight gain in both diets, but the improvements were greater in the GW diet as indicated by a significant wheat form × EO interaction. 4. Main effects of wheat form and EO on the relative weight, length and digesta content of various segments of the digestive tract were not significant. Significant interactions, however, were found for relative gizzard and caecal weights. Essential oil supplementation significantly increased the relative gizzard weight and lowered relative caecal weight in birds fed on the GW based diet, but had no effect in those fed on the WW based diet. 5. Whole wheat inclusion and EO supplementation significantly improved apparent ileal nitrogen digestibility. Apparent ileal digestible energy was not significantly influenced by the dietary treatments. 6. Ileal microbiota profiling, using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis, showed that the ileal microbiota composition was influenced by feed form. The mean numbers of bacterial species in the ileal contents of birds fed on the GW diet supplemented with EO tended (P = 0.07) to be higher than those of the ileal contents of birds fed on unsupplemented GW based diet. 7. The present data suggested that dietary addition of EO improves broiler weight gain and ileal nitrogen digestibility both in GW and WW based diets, but that the magnitude of the response to EO for weight gain was greater in GW based diet. Whole wheat feeding was found to be beneficial in terms of feed efficiency. 相似文献
2.
Specific structured triacylglycerides (STG) containing medium chain fatty acids in sn-1,3 positions and a long chain fatty acid in sn-2 position were prepared from rapeseed oil and capric acid (C10:0). A total of 80 female broiler chickens (Ross 208) were randomly allocated into five dietary treatments as two series of 40 chicks: a basal diet with graded levels of STG of 0, 20, 40, 60 and 80 g/kg diet at the expense of rapeseed oil were fed to the chickens in groups of four. At 12 d of age the chickens were placed pair-wise in metabolism cages. The grower period (d 13-36) was divided into four consecutive balance periods each of 6 d. Two 24 h measurements of gas exchange in two open-air circuit respiration chambers were performed during the second and third day of each balance period. During the whole experiment there was a negative effect of the inclusion of STG on average feed intake. However, this only slightly affected average daily weight gain. Feed conversion efficiency improved linearly with the inclusion level of STG. Daily gain adjusted to mean daily feed intake increased linearly with inclusion rate of STG, indicating that the weight gain was affected by both feed intake and the enhancing effect on digestibility of STG. Weight of small intestine and colon decreased with increasing inclusion of STG. Utilisation of dietary protein relative to intake increased while that of retained fat tended to decrease resulting in a decreased utilisation of metabolisable energy (RE/ME) in birds receiving STG. Heat production (HE) was slightly lower in the STG groups. More of the dietary fat was oxidised when more STG was added, although the total amount of fat in the diets was kept constant. 相似文献
3.
L Hoffmann 《Archives of Animal Nutrition》1991,41(3):245-255
In 5 experiments with young broiler chickens kept in groups at environmental temperatures (ET) of 35, 30, 25, 20 and 15 degrees C feed intake, live weight development and heat production were ascertained between their 5th and 57th days of life. Feed intake and live weight were ascertained separately according to sex. With live weight being the same, feed intake increased with decreasing ET. There was no maximum feed intake up to the 57th day of life at between 20 and 25 degrees C. At the end of their 57th day of life the male and the female chickens had achieved the following live weights (in the sequence of decreasing ET 35-15 degrees C): 1342; 2014; 2829; 2946; 2374 and 1367; 1900; 2512; 2496 and 2200 g/animal resp. The highest live weight gain of the chickens was achieved at between 25 and 20 degrees C with 60-70 g/d for male and with 50-60 g/d for female animals. Heat production (HP) increased progressively with age. The highest HP was registered at 20 degrees C ET. 相似文献
4.
《The Journal of Applied Poultry Research》2009,18(1):1-7
The principal objective of this study was to assess whether bedding types could influence the growth performance of broiler chickens fed on high and low nutrient density diets. The broilers were bedded with clean hulls or shavings. Four hundred eighty male broiler chickens (Ross) were divided into 6 treatment groups, including 1) a high-density diet with rice hulls, 2) a high-density diet with wood shavings, 3) a high-density diet with coconut hulls, 4) a low-density diet with rice hulls, 5) a low-density diet with wood shavings, and 6) a low-density diet with coconut hulls. Weight gain, feed intake, G:F, visceral organ relative weight, red blood cells, white blood cells, and lymphocyte concentrations were evaluated. The bursa of Fabricius, liver, and abdominal fat relative weight, white blood cells, and lymphocyte concentrations were not altered consistently by any of the treatments. For the overall period, weight gain and feed intake were greater in the coconut hull treatment groups as compared with the wood shavings treatments (P < 0.05). Feed intake was also greater in the low-density diet than in the high-density diet treatment groups (P < 0.05). The concentration of red blood cells in blood was reduced significantly by wood shavings bedding compared with the rice hull treatments (P < 0.05). 相似文献
5.
1. A total of 200 male Ross 308 chickens were used to evaluate the effects of a standardised combination of essential oils including 5% carvacrol, 3% cinnamaldehyde and 2% capsicum oleoresin (XT 6930; Pancosma S.A., Geneva, Switzerland) on their performance, hepatic antioxidant concentration and caecal tonsils morphometry.
2. Two diets were offered to broiler chickens from d old to 21 d of age. The control diet (C) was slightly lower in metabolisable energy (12.13 MJ/kg ME) and crude protein (215 g/kg CP) than breeders’ recommendation. The second diet, made as XT 6930, was added on the top of the control diet at 100 mg/kg. Each diet was offered ad libitum to birds housed in one of 10 floor pens in a randomised complete block design. The birds were housed in 20 floor pens, 10 birds in each pen, and were allocated to 10 replicates of the two dietary treatments.
3. The concentration of antioxidants in the liver of the birds was determined using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) at 21 d of age. Birds fed control diet only had lower weight and converted less efficiently feed to gain compared to birds fed essential oils-supplemented diet. Feed consumption was not affected by dietary treatments. The antioxidant data showed that supplemented essential oils improved the hepatic concentration of carotenoids and coenzyme Q10 when fed to broiler chickens. The morphometry of the caecal tonsils of the birds was not influenced by dietary treatments.
4. It can be concluded that that dietary combination of essential oils, including carvacrol, cinnamaldehyde and capsicum oleoresin, improved growth, feed efficiency and the hepatic concentration of carotenoids and coenzyme Q10 when fed to broiler chickens. 相似文献
6.
1. A broiler growth study was conducted to compare the effect of different concentrations of an Escherichia coli-derived phytase on performance, apparent metabolisable energy (AME), nitrogen (N), amino acid and mineral metabolisability, sialic acid excretion and villus morphology when fed to broiler chickens. 2. Female Ross 308 broilers (480) were reared in floor pens from 0 to 28 d of age. All birds were fed on nutritionally complete starter (0 to 21 d of age) and grower diets (21 to 28 d of age) with the exception that they were low in P (28 and 23 g/kg available P, respectively). These maize-soy diets were supplemented with 0, 250, 500 or 2500 phytase units (FTU)/kg feed. 3. Between 21 and 28 d of age, two birds from each floor pen were selected, and each pair placed in one of 32 metabolism cages (two birds per cage). Feed intake was recorded and excreta collected for the last 2 d of the feeding period, and AME, N, amino acid and mineral metabolisability coefficients and endogenous losses were determined following a total collection procedure. 4. Feed intake and weight gain increased in a linear manner in response to phytase dose, with an average increase of approximately 11.7 and 13.5%, respectively, compared with chickens fed on the low-P diet. Birds given diets with 2500 FTU weighed 6.6% more and had a 2.4% higher feed conversion efficiency (FCE) than those fed on diets containing 500 FTU. 5. Enzyme supplementation increased the intake of AME and metabolisable N by 10.3 and 3.9%, respectively, principally through increases in feed intake. Birds given enzyme-supplemented diets also improved their intake of metabolisable amino acids and P by approximately 14 and 12.4%, respectively, compared with birds fed on the control diet. Enzyme supplementation did not affect ileal villus morphometry of the birds. 相似文献
7.
1. An experiment was conducted to study causes of low ileal starch digestibilities when broiler chickens were fed on wheat-based diets. Each of 5 cold-pelleted diets containing 771 g/kg DM wheat and one cold-pelleted diet containing 694 g/kg DM wheat were fed to 24 male broiler chickens in 8 cages from 10 to 21 d of age. 2. Feed intake and weight gain were significantly reduced when the wheat diet was crushed and fed in a mash form. 3. Ileal starch digestibility increased significantly from 0.79 to 0.95, 0.93 and 0.91, respectively, when the diet was crushed and fed in a mash form, was diluted with cellulose prior to pelleting, or when parts of the wheat were fed as whole grains. Correspondingly, random variation between individual birds was reduced. 4. These results indicate that an overload of wheat starch in the digestive tract may be the cause of poor digestibility for some broilers in a flock. Grinding of the wheat may also influence starch digestibility. 相似文献
8.
旨在验证复合植物精油（百里香酚7.3%,牛至油10.0%）改善断奶仔猪生长性能的功效。选用160头体重相近、体况良好、28日龄断奶的杜×长×大三元杂交仔猪,随机分成4组,分别为对照组和试验1、2、3组,每组4个重复,每个重复10头猪。对照组饲喂玉米—豆粕型基础日粮,试验1、2、3组在基础日粮中分别添加80、120、150 mg/kg复合植物精油。试验期间观察并记录仔猪生长及健康状况,试验结束时,采用统计学方法比较各组仔猪的生长性能指标（末体重、平均日增重、平均日采食量、料重比）、健康指标（腹泻率、死淘率）以及肠道黏膜通透性指标（D-乳酸含量、二胺氧化酶活性）。结果表明,与对照组相比,试验2、3组仔猪的末体重、平均日增重、平均日采食量均显著提高（P〈0.05）,料重比则显著降低（P〈0.05）;3个试验组仔猪的腹泻率及死淘率均显著低于对照组（P〈0.05）;与对照组相比,3个试验组仔猪血浆中的D-乳酸含量和二胺氧化酶活性分别极显著（P〈0.01）和显著降低（P〈0.05）。综合考虑促生长效果及饲养成本,仔猪基础日粮中复合植物精油的推荐添加量为120 mg/kg。 相似文献
9.
本研究开展了3个饲养试验,旨在探讨苯甲酸和精油单独或联合使用对肉鸡生长性能、肠道微生物含量及肝脏抗氧化性能的影响。试验1和2均选择1日龄肉鸡450只,分为3组,每组5个重复,每个重复30只。对照组均饲喂相同的基础日粮,试验1处理组肉鸡分别饲喂基础日粮添加1.5和3 g/kg苯甲酸,试验2处理组肉鸡分别饲喂日粮添加2和4 mg/kg精油。试验3选择1日龄肉鸡300只,分为2组,每组5个重复,每个重复30只,对照组饲喂基础日粮,处理组饲喂基础日粮添加1.5 g/kg苯甲酸和4 mg/kg精油。3个试验均开展42 d。结果：试验1,1.5 g/kg苯甲酸组较对照组和3 g/kg苯甲酸组显著提了21和42 d肉鸡的体重及1～21 d、22～42 d、1～42 d日增重（P＜0.05）,同时1.5 g/kg苯甲酸组各阶段肉鸡料重比最低（P＜0.05）。与对照组相比,苯甲酸处理组显著提高了盲肠乳酸菌含量（P＜0.05）,显著降低了盲肠大肠杆菌数量（P＜0.05）。试验2,基础日粮添加4 mg/kg植物精油组42 d肉鸡体重和日增重、盲肠乳酸菌含量（P＜0.05）,料重比和盲肠大肠杆菌数量最低（P＜0.05）。同时,植物精油组较对照组显著提高了肝脏谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GSH-Px）和谷胱甘肽-S转移酶（GST）活性（P＜0.05）,显著降低了肝脏丙二醛含量（P＜0.05）。试验3,处理组较对照组显著降低了嗉囊大肠杆菌数量（P＜0.05）。处理组肝脏谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GSH-Px）和和谷胱甘肽-S转移酶（GST）活性显著高于对照组（P＜0.05）,但丙二醛含量显著降低（P＜0.05）。结论：日粮添加1.5 g/kg苯甲酸或4 mg/kg精油可以改善肉鸡生长性能,降低肠道有害微生物含量,而苯甲酸与精油无论是单独添加还是联合使用均可以提高肉鸡肝脏的抗氧化状态。
[关键词]苯甲酸|精油|肉鸡|生长性能|抗氧化|微生物 相似文献
10.
《畜牧与生物技术杂志(英文版)》2021,(3)
Background: Due to presence of drug-resistant Eimeria strains and raised public health safety concerns about drug residues in the meat, there is renewed interest in the search for natural alternatives to the coccidiosis control agents. This study was conducted to test the anticoccidial efficacy of oregano and Citrus spp.-based essential oils for broilers.Methods: A total of 280 7-day-old broiler chicks were fed a control diet or diets with salinomycin or essential oils for up to 35 d of age. On d 14, half of the control groups and the treated groups were orally challenged with a coccidiosis vaccine at 25 times higher than the recommended vaccine dose. Control diet-fed chickens that were gavaged with phosphate-buffered saline were considered non-challenged control group.Results: Eimeria challenge or dietary additives failed to affect growth performance during the 7 to 20 d growth period although essential oil-fed chickens exhibited the lowest body wight gain(P = 0.332) and the highest feed conversion ratio(P = 0.062). Oocysts in the litter were detected in the challenged control diet group and the challenged/essential oil-fed groups at 21 and 35 d, respectively. Superoxide dismutase activity in the serum was elevated(P = 0.059) in the salinomycin-fed chickens compared to the challenged controls. Alpha-1-acid glycoprotein was decreased by 28.7% in the salinomycin-fed chickens but increased by 38.1% in the essential oil group compared with the challenged control group. Challenged control group exhibited a significantly higher cooking loss of the thigh meat, compared to the non-challenged control diet group, which was marginally mitigated by dietary supplementation with essential oils. Chickens fed essential oil-added diet had the highest branched-chain fatty acids contents in the cecum.Conclusions: In conclusion, this study shows that oregano and Citrus-based essential oil preparation did not affect growth performance in broiler chickens challenged with the coccidiosis vaccine nor did Eimeria-specific duodenal lesion. However, dietary essential oil preparation lowered oocysts present in litter materials and altered branchedchain fatty acids in cecal digesta. Beneficial findings of the essential oil preparation on volatile fatty acids and oocysts output may warrant further research into assessing its effectiveness and its efficacy in pathogenic fieldisolate Eimeria spp.-induced coccidiosis disease model. 相似文献
11.
《The Journal of Applied Poultry Research》2016,25(4):455-463
The discussions about the possibility of bacterial resistance resulting from the use of antimicrobial growth promoters in broiler feed. The limitations of international market have forced the exporting countries to search for alternatives to ensure the animal growth without affecting the quality of the final product. An experiment was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of in-feed CRINA® Poultry Plus (CPP, a mixture of benzoic acid and essential oils) in enhancing broiler growth performance and reducing coccidial lesions, as a non-antibiotic growth promoter. Effect of CPP on litter moisture content was also assessed. The treatments were: NC, a basal diet without growth promoters; PC, a basal diet with 10 ppm of Avilamycin (AVI); CPPD, a basal diet with 300 ppm of CPP from 1 to 42 d; AVI(1–21d)/CPP(22–42d), a basal diet with 10 ppm of AVI from 1 to 21 d and 300 ppm of CPP from 22 to 42 d; and AVI + CPP (1–42 d), a basal diet with 10 ppm of AVI and 300 ppm of CPP from 1 to 42 d. The 5 treatments were applied in a completely randomized arrangement and 10 replicate with 31 birds per pen. The diets with CPP increased body weight gain and feed conversion rates in the 1 to 42 d period and European productive efficiency index compared to birds fed with negative control diet (NC). Furthermore, lesion scores induced by E. acervulina were highest in the NC. The results suggest that CRINA® Poultry Plus can be used as an alternative to antibiotic growth promoters in broiler diets without losses in productive performance. 相似文献
12.
选用健康的1日龄商品代肉用良凤花鸡420只,公母各半,随机分为7组,每组3个重复,每个重复20只,试验鸡自由饮水、采食。试验预试期3 d,从第13天开始,以后每隔10 d逐只称重,并以组为单位计算耗料量。结果显示:添加绿茶粉对肉鸡生长性能没有不良影响,对肉鸡的料重比有降低趋势(P>0.05);可以显著降低肉鸡血清中的甘油三酯(TG)(P<0.05)、胆固醇(TC)(P<0.05)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)(P<0.05),显著升高高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)(P<0.05),显著降低肉鸡的腹脂率(P<0.05)、肝脂率(P<0.05),且对第二阶段与脂类代谢相关的血清生化指标的影响比第1阶段更显著。结果表明:在日粮中添加超微绿茶粉可在不影响肉鸡的生长性能的情况下降低体脂蓄积。 相似文献
13.
本试验旨在研究1～21日龄雌性肉仔鸡表观回肠可消化色氨酸需要量及饲粮色氨酸水平对肉仔鸡肉品质、抗氧化指标和免疫指标的影响。试验选取480只1日龄雌性商品代肉雏鸡,随机分成5个处理,每个处理8个重复,每个重复12只鸡。采用含0.170%色氨酸的玉米-豆粕-玉米蛋白粉型基础饲粮,分别在其中添加0、0.021%、0.042%、0.063%和0.084%晶体L-色氨酸,使饲粮色氨酸水平分别为0.170%、0.191%、0.213%、0.234%和0.248%。测定1～21日龄肉仔鸡生产性能、胸肌品质、抗氧化指标、免疫指标和21～25日龄肉仔鸡氨基酸表观消化率和表观回肠消化率。结果表明:饲粮色氨酸水平显著影响1～21日龄肉仔鸡采食量及增重(P<0.05),采食量及增重与饲粮表观回肠可消化色氨酸水平呈现二次曲线关系(P<0.05)。1～21日龄肉仔鸡获得最大增重的饲粮表观回肠可消化色氨酸水平为0.176%,表观回肠可消化色氨酸摄入量为68.15 mg/d。与饲粮色氨酸水平0.170%相比,饲粮色氨酸水平0.213%及0.248%可显著降低肉仔鸡胸肌丙二醛含量、肝脏总超氧化物歧化酶活性和血清谷丙转氨酶活性(P<0.05),饲粮色氨酸水平0.248%可显著提高肉仔鸡屠宰后45 min胸肌pH、肠道总分泌型免疫球蛋白A浓度及血清总免疫球蛋白A浓度(P<0.05)。由此可知,1～21日龄雌性肉仔鸡获得最大增重的表观回肠可消化色氨酸需要量为0.176%(68.15 mg/d)。提高饲粮色氨酸水平可减轻肉仔鸡组织细胞脂质过氧化损伤,降低屠宰后肉仔鸡胸肌酸度,改善肉仔鸡肠道黏膜免疫和体液免疫能力。 相似文献
14.
1. The effects of the beta-adrenergic agonist, clenbuterol (1 mg/kg diet) on the growth and muscle composition in female broiler chickens (14 to 32 d of age) fed on diets containing various concentrations of protein (220, 240 or 260 g protein/kg) were examined. 2. Body weight gain over the 18 d period increased linearly with increasing protein intake. The rate of gain was significantly higher in clenbuterol-treated chickens than in control birds. 3. Dietary clenbuterol increased thigh muscle weight and protein concentration of breast and thigh muscle, regardless of dietary protein content. Protein/DNA ratio in thigh muscle was enhanced by clenbuterol feeding, and the magnitude of difference of the ratio was higher in chickens fed on the 240 and 260 g CP/kg diets than in those fed the 220 g CP/kg diet. 4. It was concluded that clenbuterol-treated chickens require increased dietary protein to maintain maximal growth, and that increased protein consumption is an important factor in improving growth in clenbuterolfed broilers. 相似文献
15.
研究流食与颗粒料不同方式对断奶仔猪增重和采食量,选择杜长大三元杂种28日龄仔猪,随机区组设计,共六个区组,每窝一个区组,每个区组四头猪,分为处理组2头和对照组2头。28日龄体重:试验组7.19±0.027 Kg,对照组7.19±0.031 Kg。处理组和对照组均自由采食,自由饮水,35日龄晨称个体重,结果给予流食比使用颗粒料提高仔猪采食量33g/d(P<0.05)和日增重17.6g/d(P<0.05)。仔猪早期断乳是提高母猪生产力和规模化养猪业中的关键技术之一,现代规模养猪业已把乳猪断奶日龄提至21~28 d。 相似文献
16.
F. Karadas V. Pirgozliev A. C. Pappas T. Acamovic M. R. Bedford 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2010,94(4):519-526
One‐hundred and fifty male chickens were used to evaluate the effects of different activities (0, 250, 500, 12 500 FTU/kg) of phytase on their performance and antioxidant concentration in the liver. The chicks were housed in 30 cages and were allocated to six replicates of five dietary treatments. All diets were formulated to be adequate in energy and protein (12.90 MJ/kg metabolizable energy, 214 g/kg crude protein), however, the negative control (NC) was lower in available P compared with the positive control (PC) (2.5 vs. 4.5 g/kg diet). The other three diets were the NC supplemented with phytase at 250, 500 and 12 500 FTU/kg (NC + 250, NC + 500 and NC + 12 500 FTU respectively). The concentration of antioxidants in the liver of the birds was determined using HPLC at 21 days of age. Low P diets (NC) reduced weight gain, however, supplementation with phytase improved weight gain to the extent that it was better than the PC at the 12 500 FTU treatment (p < 0.05). Feed conversion ratio was also improved by the high level of phytase supplement more than other treatments (p < 0.05). Feed consumption was not affected either by dietary phosphorus concentration or by different phytase supplementation. The antioxidant data showed that the unsupplemented diet with low phosphorus (NC) decreased the concentration of coenzyme Q10 and retinol‐linoleate in the liver compared with that of birds on the adequate phosphorus treatment (PC). Phytase supplementation, especially at the higher doses (500 and 12 500 FTU) increased the level of coenzyme Q10 to the same level as the PC treatment. In addition, the highest dose (12 500 FTU) of phytase increased retinol concentration in the liver of chickens compared with those on the NC treatment. The highest inclusion level of phytase increased the α‐tocopherol level in the liver compared with the lower levels of phytase (NC + 250 and NC + 500 FTU). 相似文献
17.
《The Journal of Applied Poultry Research》2014,23(3):437-443
To evaluate a novel feed additive, hops β-acids, a pen trial using 1,440 one-day-old broiler chickens, in a randomized design with 6 treatments and 6 replicates of 40 birds/pen, was conducted. The experimental treatments were a negative control (NC) basal diet, a positive control (PC) basal diet supplemented with zinc 30 mg/kg of bacitracin, and 4 additional treatments consisting of the basal diet supplemented with 30, 60, 120, and 240 mg/kg of hops β-acids in a microencapsulated form. All birds were vaccinated against coccidiosis by eye drops. Productive performance, jejunum morphology, andClostridium spp. count in jejunum and cecum contents were evaluated. At 21 d of age, the birds fed the PC, 30, or 60 mg/kg of β-acids had the same weight gain of those fed the NC, whereas the highest level of β-acids decreased the gain. In addition, feed intake was decreased and FCR was improved in all treatments when compared with the NC. At 42 d, compared with the NC, the treatments containing 30 or 240 mg/kg of β-acids and the PC resulted in improved FCR. No differences were found for other performance variables. No difference was observed among the treatments on villus length, crypt depth, and villus-to-crypt ratio. Except for one sample, all others had negative results forClostridium spp. based on the methodology of sulphite reduction. In this study, we demonstrated positive effects of supplementation of hops β-acids on productive performance of broilers, and the best results were obtained with addition of 30 mg/kg. 相似文献
18.
《The Journal of Applied Poultry Research》2007,16(4):481-493
Bovans White Leghorn pullets were utilized to evaluate the use of an enzyme cocktail from 0 to 126 d of age. Dietary treatments varied in CP, ME, and enzyme (EZ) supplementation. Feed intake, BW gain, and feed conversion ratio data were gathered in addition to determining nutrient retention and digestibility during the trial. Cumulatively, feed consumption was decreased by EZ supplementation when added to a required ME diet. Body weight gains were similar across dietary treatments; however, cumulative feed conversion ratio was significantly improved with EZ supplementation. Interactions regarding nutrient retention and digestibility were numerous. Similar responses were noted for energy and protein retention values during the trial with changes in response to dietary treatments as the pullets aged. Compared with feeding an industry applicable diet (required ME/CP without EZ − $0.27/lb gain), all dietary treatments reduced production costs with significant reductions when reducing CP. Lowest feed cost ($)/lb gain and percent excreta N was feeding pullets a diet with reduced ME and CP supplemented with EZ ($0.262/lb gain; 5.19% N). Possible further reductions in ME or dietary CP, or both, with EZ supplementation may prove to be even more economical and environmentally friendly. 相似文献
19.
本试验旨在研究霉变饲料和／或添加复方霉菌毒素吸附剂对肉鸡人工感染发生的影响。选取140羽1日龄健康的AA肉鸡随机分成7个组．每组4个重复。第1组为空白对照组,饲喂基础日粮;第2组饲喂霉变饲料;第3～7组以混合感染病鸡病变组织匀浆饮水制作人工感染疾病模型;第3～7组分别饲喂基础日粮、霉变饲料、霉变饲料＋复方霉菌毒素吸附剂、霉变饲料＋复方霉菌毒素吸附剂＋抗氧化剂、霉变饲料＋复方霉菌毒素吸附剂＋抗氧化剂＋中药增免剂。试验期35d。结果发现,肉鸡摄入霉变饲料与摄入正常饲料相比,提高肉鸡料重比和死淘率,显著降低肉鸡增重、胸腺指数、法氏囊指数,显著降低血清IBDV、H9N1v和NDV抗体水平（P〈0．05）。给人工感染肉鸡饲喂霉变饲料与饲喂正常饲料相比．显著提高料重比和死淘率,显著降低肉鸡增重、胸腺指数和脾脏指数,显著降低血清IFN-1、IL-2、IL-4和IL-12含量以及LTR,显著降低血清IBDV、H9N1V和NDV抗体水平（P〈0．05）。霉变饲料中添加复方霉菌毒素吸附剂能显著提高混合感染肉鸡增重,并降低料重比和死淘率（P〈0．05）,显著提高胸腺指数、法氏囊指数（P〈0．05）,显著提高血清IBDV、H9N1V和NDV抗体水平（P〈0．05）。可见,霉变饲料可导致肉鸡免疫功能抑制,加重肉鸡混合感染病情;复方霉菌毒素吸附剂能有效缓解霉变饲料对人工感染肉鸡生产性能、免疫功能和病情的不利影响,抗氧化剂和免疫功能增强剂可减轻霉变饲料的毒性作用。 相似文献
20.
本试验旨在研究植物精油与丁酸钠的体外协同抑菌效果。采用牛津杯法,测定肉桂醛、百里香酚和香兰素对于4种细菌(大肠杆菌、沙门氏菌、产气荚膜梭菌、乳酸菌)的抑菌效果。并将单方和复合植物精油分别与丁酸钠复配,测定其抑菌效果。结果表明:3种植物精油均对大肠杆菌、沙门氏菌、产气荚膜梭菌有明显抑制作用,但对乳酸菌无抑制作用,在相同浓度下,抑菌效果为肉桂醛香兰素百里香酚。肉桂醛与香兰素复合植物精油抑菌效果优于单方植物精油,当肉桂醛与香兰素的质量比为6∶1时抑菌效果最佳。丁酸钠没有显示出抑菌作用,但丁酸钠与植物精油复合可明显降低植物精油的使用量。综上所述,不同植物精油的复合具有协同作用,植物精油和丁酸钠之间也存在着协同作用。 相似文献