共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
Epitaxial growth of single-crystal gadolinium oxide dielectric thin films on gallium arsenide is reported. The gadolinium oxide film has a cubic structure isomorphic to manganese oxide and is (110)-oriented in single domain on the (100) gallium arsenide surface. The gadolinium oxide film has a dielectric constant of approximately 10, with low leakage current densities of about 10(-9) to 10(-10) amperes per square centimeter at zero bias. Typical breakdown field is 4 megavolts per centimeter for an oxide film 185 angstroms thick and 10 megavolts per centimeter for an oxide 45 angstroms thick. Both accumulation and inversion layers were observed in the gadolinium oxide-gallium arsenide metal oxide semiconductor diodes, using capacitance-voltage measurements. The ability to grow thin single-crystal oxide films on gallium arsenide with a low interfacial density of states has great potential impact on the electronic industry of compound semiconductors. 相似文献
2.
不同土地利用方式对土壤含水量、pH值及电导率的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以林芝地区八一镇5种植被类型下土壤为研究对象,研究其土壤剖面(0—50 cm)的含水量、pH值及电导率分布特征。结果表明,土地利用方式影响了土壤含水量、pH值和电导率在垂直剖面上的空间分布,尤其以表层(0—20 cm)土壤含水量和电导率受影响最为明显。草地土壤含水量表现出明显的“表聚”效应,即随着土层加深,含水量呈降低趋势。在区域空间上,土壤含水量和电导率具有较强的空间变异性,而土壤pH值的空间变异性较小。随着土层加深,各层土壤含水量和电导率之间的变异性逐渐减小。 相似文献
3.
哈尔滨市郊设施土壤积盐规律的研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过对哈尔滨市郊不回种植年限的设施栽培土壤耕层取样和典型土壤的分层取样研究,结果表明,设施土壤在种植3-5a后,土壤耕层盐分积累比较迅速,设施土壤与露地土壤电导率比值为3．97;在种植20-22a后,设施土壤的盐分含量已是露地土壤的9．81倍,盐分积累严重。设施土壤中的离子组成中阳离子以Ca^2＋居多,阴离子以NO3^-为主,随着种植年限的增长,土壤中盐分离子都呈现出积累的趋势。NO3^-、Ca^2＋含量与电导率呈极显著的正相关（R=0．850＊＊,R=0．955＊＊）。设施土壤中,盐分的运移同时存在着明显的向底层迁移和向表层聚集两种方式,但以表聚为主。 相似文献
4.
The little ice age as recorded in the stratigraphy of the tropical quelccaya ice cap 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Thompson LG Mosley-Thompson E Dansgaard W Grootes PM 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1986,234(4774):361-364
The analyses of two ice cores from a southern tropical ice cap provide a record of climatic conditions over 1000 years for a region where other proxy records are nearly absent. Annual variations in visible dust layers, oxygen isotopes, microparticle concentrations, conductivity, and identification of the historical (A.D. 1600) Huaynaputina ash permit accurate dating and time-scale verification. The fact that the Little Ice Age (about A.D. 1500 to 1900) stands out as a significant climatic event in the oxygen isotope and electrical conductivity records confirms the worldwide character of this event. 相似文献
5.
Time-domain reflectometry: simultaneous measurement of soil water content and electrical conductivity with a single probe 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Two parallel metallic rods were used as a wave guide to measure the dielectric constant and electrical conductivity of soils having different electrical conductivities but the same water content. Measurements showed that the two parameters were sufficiently independent to permit simultaneous determinations of water content and bulk electrical conductivity. 相似文献
6.
流动沙漠地区灌溉林地盐结皮层特征的初步研究 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
盐结皮是干旱区灌溉后土壤表层形成的一个特殊层次,但目前对其形成条件和时空变化规律尚无系统研究.该文通过对2004和2005年在塔克拉玛干沙漠布置的试验地的调查研究表明,在咸水灌溉林地,土壤表层形成明显的盐结皮层.该文对盐结皮层厚度和电导率这两个主要特征进行了综合分析,得到以下结论:①灌溉水质、灌溉方式、灌水定额、灌水周期以及土壤质地在很大程度上可以影响盐结皮的性质.②盐结皮的性质具有明显的空间分布规律,畦灌和滴灌对林地盐结皮性质的微空间分布影响很大,坡向、土壤结构等立地条件在一定程度上也影响盐结皮性质的空间分布.③盐结皮性质存在明显的时间变化,在灌溉周期内,电导率经历增加→降低→稳定的变化过程,一般在灌溉后5 d盐结皮层开始形成;在年内盐结皮的电导率随着气温的变化而呈明显的月际变化;由于土壤中大气降尘和植物枯枝落叶年复一年的加入而导致土壤表层结构的极大变化,因此随着林地的发育,盐结皮层厚度逐渐趋于稳定,而电导率呈先增加后降低的趋势. 相似文献
7.
基于EM38的土壤剖面电导率预测研究 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
【目的】以海涂围垦区盐碱土为研究对象,利用EM38大地电导率仪在地表不同高度测量的土壤表征电导率预测土壤不同深度土层剖面的电导率。【方法】利用EM38电导率线性响应模型结合Tikhonov正则化能较好解决病态矩阵的线性反演问题。利用该方法来预测土壤剖面电导率,并对预测结果进行误差分析,最后通过偏差变化法增加噪声利用局部灵敏度分析法来评价模型的灵敏度。【结果】研究发现,土壤剖面平均电导率和地表不同高度平均表征电导率具有极显著相关性,能利用表征电导率较好的预测剖面平均盐分。线性模型不仅能较好的预测土壤剖面电导率的变化趋势,而且在数值上也能较好的预测电导率的大小,平均预测误差在40%左右。相对预测误差较大的土层,模型灵敏度越大,因此可通过提高EM38数据测量的稳定性来提高预测精度。【结论】利用EM38表征电导率采用线性模型结合Tikhonov正则化的方法能够较好的反演土壤剖面电导率,预测结果可以为样区土壤管理提供科学的决策依据。 相似文献
8.
目的 分析表施和混施污泥对鹅掌藤Schefflera arboricola根系生长和重金属吸收的影响，深入认识污泥施用对园林植物根系生长的影响，为污泥在园林中安全利用提供借鉴。方法 采用根箱试验，观测不施、表施和混施10%(w)污泥对常见园林植物鹅掌藤的不同土层根系形态及土壤pH和电导率动态变化的影响，分析根组织密度、根密度和重金属含量，拟合土壤pH、电导率、根系重金属含量与根长的关系。结果 与不施污泥相比，混施污泥明显抑制鹅掌藤根长、根表面积和根密度增长；而表施污泥显著增加鹅掌藤0~20 cm土层的总根长、根体积和根密度。处理240 d后，混施污泥处理的0~20与20~40 cm土层总根长分别为不施污泥的66.37%和51.51%，而表施污泥处理分别为不施污泥的115.43%和98.66%。最大总根长、根体积和根密度均出现在表施污泥的0~20 cm土层，最大根干质量和根组织密度出现在表施污泥的污泥层。混施污泥显著提高了土壤pH和电导率以及植株重金属含量，不同土层根系Cd、Zn、Cu和Ni含量分别是不施污泥的2.32~11.70倍。线性回归拟合分析表明，不施和表施污泥处理的0~20 cm土层鹅掌藤原位扫描总根长均与原位测定土壤pH呈极显著正相关(P<0.001)，鹅掌藤总根长与根系Cd、Zn、Cu和Ni含量均呈极显著负相关(P<0.001)。结论 表施10%(w)污泥可以提高土壤pH并促进鹅掌藤根系生长。混施10%(w)污泥显著增加不同土层根系重金属含量，进而抑制鹅掌藤根系生长。 相似文献
9.
Wesley Pacheco Calixto Luciano Martins Neto 《Computers and Electronics in Agriculture》2010,71(1):1-6
The aim of this paper is to present an optimization methodology based on a genetic algorithm to obtain the soil electrical conductivity and its respective thicknesses. The method uses an experimental conductivity curve generated from the measurements made in the soil. This experimental curve is compared with a theoretical electrical conductivity curve produced by a genetic algorithm. The theoretical curve is based on Sunde’s algorithm and is exactly the inverse process of soil horizontal stratification into multi layers. The comparison between the two curves provides the error produced by the soil stratification process. Using the obtained values of electrical conductivity, the method intends to estimate characteristics such as water content, texture and salinity of the subsoil layers. 相似文献
10.
不同小麦品种对低温的生理反应研究 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
本文选择不同小麦品种北移一号、 80 6 6、苏引 10号、鲁麦 2 2号、晋春 9号等 ,分析了温室 (18℃左右 )及低温 (大田日均温 0～ - 5℃锻炼 10～ 2 0d)两种温度条件下与抗性相关的生理指标—相对电导度、可溶性糖、游离脯氨酸、渗透势的变化特点。结果表明 ,低温刺激可使可溶性糖、脯氨酸含量明显增加 ,相对电导度增大 ,渗透势降低 ,其中相对电导度与可溶性糖的含量变化规律性最强 ,二者可作为衡量品种抗寒性的重要指标 相似文献
11.
12.
Nellis WJ Hamilton DC Holmes NC Radousky HB Ree FH Mitchell AC Nicol M 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1988,240(4853):779-781
Data from the Voyager II spacecraft showed that Uranus has a large magnetic field with geometry similar to an offset tilted dipole. To interpret the origin of the magnetic field, measurements were made of electrical conductivity and equation-of-state data of the planetary "ices" ammonia, methane, and "synthetic Uranus" at shock pressures and temperatures up to 75 gigapascals and 5000 K. These pressures and temperatures correspond to conditions at the depths at which the surface magnetic field is generated. Above 40 gigapascals the conductivities of synthetic Uranus, water, and ammonia plateau at about 20(ohm-cm)(-1), providing an upper limit for the electrical conductivity used in kinematic or dynamo calculations. The nature of materials at the extreme conditions in the interior is discussed. 相似文献
13.
近几十年来的杨树大面积种植引发了人们对洞庭湖湿地生态系统生态环境恶化的担忧。本研究以11龄与5龄杨树林为对象,以邻近的典型湿地植被南荻为对照,拟阐明杨树人工林对土壤理化性质的影响。结果表明,对土壤物理特性而言,杨树的种植加速了土壤水分的散失,对水分改变的趋势随林龄的增加而增大;杨树人工林改变了土壤粒径组成,致使粘粒与粉粒的降低、砂粒的增加,砂粒化趋势随林龄的增大而增强;对土壤化学特性而言,杨树人工林导致土壤中层(20-60 cm)电导率的降低,以及下层(60-100 cm)pH值的升高,对土壤全磷含量无明显影响,总体上降低了土壤全钾含量;引起土壤40-60 cm全氮含量的降低,降低趋势随林龄的增加而增大。此外,两种杨树林对土壤全碳的影响不同,低林龄能降低土壤全碳含量,而高林龄有利于碳的增加。可见,大规模种植杨树导致土壤特性的重要改变必将对湿地生态系统产生深远的影响。 相似文献
14.
Observations of thermal radio emission from the surface of Venus, made by the Pioneer Venus radar mapper at a wavelength of 17 centimeters, show variations that are dominated by changes in surface emissivity. The regions of lowest emissivity (0.54 +/- 0.05 for the highland areas of Aphrodite Terra and Theia Mons) correspond closely to regions of high radar reflectivity reported earlier. These results support the inference of inclusions of material with high electrical conductivity in the surface rock of these areas. 相似文献
15.
Methods used to strengthen metals generally also cause a pronounced decrease in electrical conductivity, so that a tradeoff must be made between conductivity and mechanical strength. We synthesized pure copper samples with a high density of nanoscale growth twins. They showed a tensile strength about 10 times higher than that of conventional coarse-grained copper, while retaining an electrical conductivity comparable to that of pure copper. The ultrahigh strength originates from the effective blockage of dislocation motion by numerous coherent twin boundaries that possess an extremely low electrical resistivity, which is not the case for other types of grain boundaries. 相似文献
16.
通过对特定区域由点至面的预测,进而研究典型干旱区绿洲浅层地下水特征与表层土壤特征的空间分布变化规律及两者相互影响,对干旱区水土关系的科学认识具有重要意义。根据最优的空间插值预测方法对克里雅绿洲整体的浅层地下水特征与表层土壤特征(地下水埋深、电导率、水温,表层土壤含水率、电导率、土温)进行预测,并在全局尺度上对以上的水土指标进行相关性研究。结果表明:(1)克里雅绿洲区域地下水埋深主要在3 m以下,地下水电导率主要在5 mS/cm以下,地下水温度主要在15℃以下,表层土壤含水量主要在50%以下,表层土壤电导率主要在2.5 mS/cm以下,表层土壤温度主要在13℃以下,浅层地下水特征与表层土壤特征的空间分布均呈现一定的变化规律。(2)浅层地下水特征与表层土壤特征间均具有空间与统计相关性,地下水电导率与表层土壤盐分的线性回归拟合结果最好(R~2=0.721 8),回归方程为y=0.144x+0.172 1,可以作为实际预测中的参考依据。 相似文献
17.
Beryllium-10 (10Be) in excess of that expected from in situ cosmic ray spallation reactions is present in lunar surface soil 78481; its presence was revealed with a sequential leaching technique. This excess 10Be, representing only 0.7 to 1.1% of the total 10Be inventory, is associated with surface layers (<1 micrometer) of the mineral grains composing 78481. This excess 10Be and its association with surficial layers corresponds to (1.9 +/- 0.8) x 10(8) atoms per square centimeter, requiring a 10Be implantation rate of (2.9 +/- 1.2) x 10(-6) atoms per square centimeter per second on the surface of the Moon. The most likely site for the production of this excess (10)Be is the Sun's atmosphere. The 10Be is entrained into the solar wind and transported to the lunar surface. 相似文献
18.
运用地统计方法对海涂土壤电导率的空间变异性进行了深入的分析．结果表明,土壤电导率的空间变异可分为系统变异和随机变异两类,系统变异由微地形、土壤管理等外在环境因素决定,因此不同采样区的系统变异存在差异,其中表层土壤的系统变异明显强于深层土壤;而在不同采样区求得的随机变异结构稳定相似并存在套合结构,它们的变程不受采样方向和采样时间的影响． 相似文献
19.
The thiophene oligomer alpha-hexathienylene (alpha-6T) has been successfully used as the active semiconducting material in thin-film transistors. Field-induced conductivity in thin-film transistors with alpha-6T active layers occurs only near the interfacial plane, whereas the residual conductivity caused by unintentional doping scales with the thickness of the layer. The two-dimensional nature of the field-induced conductivity is due not to any anisotropy in transport with respect to any molecular axis but to interface effects. Optimized methods of device fabrication have resulted in high field-effect mobilities and on/off current ratios of > 10(6). The current densities and switching speeds are good enough to allow consideration of these devices in practical large-area electronic circuits. 相似文献
20.
Warren SC Messina LC Slaughter LS Kamperman M Zhou Q Gruner SM DiSalvo FJ Wiesner U 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2008,320(5884):1748-1752
The synthesis of ordered mesoporous metal composites and ordered mesoporous metals is a challenge because metals have high surface energies that favor low surface areas. We present results from the self-assembly of block copolymers with ligand-stabilized platinum nanoparticles, leading to lamellar CCM-Pt-4 and inverse hexagonal (CCM-Pt-6) hybrid mesostructures with high nanoparticle loadings. Pyrolysis of the CCM-Pt-6 hybrid produces an ordered mesoporous platinum-carbon nanocomposite with open and large pores (>/=10 nanometers). Removal of the carbon leads to ordered porous platinum mesostructures. The platinum-carbon nanocomposite has very high electrical conductivity (400 siemens per centimeter) for an ordered mesoporous material fabricated from block copolymer self-assembly. 相似文献