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1.
吉林省不同年代育成大豆品种某些农艺性状的变化   总被引:2,自引:1,他引:2  
两年来对吉林省1923~2005年生产上主推的16个大豆品种的生物量、产量、收获指数以及种子蛋白质、脂肪含量的研究表明:大豆植株的生物量从苗期到R6期逐渐增加,R6期达到最大值,然后下降,老品种比现代品种下降速度快。大豆品种的生物量、产量和收获指数均随育成年代呈线性增加,其中产量和收获指数平均每年分别增加14.84kg/hm2(1.27%)和0.23%。种子脂肪含量随育成年代增加,平均每年增加0.04%;而蛋白质含量随年代降低,平均每年下降0.06%。产量与生物量和收获指数呈显著正相关(P<0.05);与种子脂肪含量呈正相关,与蛋白质含量呈负相关,但不显著。本文结果表明,大豆育种工作者以高产为选择目标的同时使生物量和收获指数得到提高。生物量和收获指数可以作为高产品种选育的指标。  相似文献   

2.
黑龙江省大豆推广品种脂肪、蛋白质含量地理分布的研究   总被引:11,自引:2,他引:9  
刘忠堂 《大豆科学》2002,21(4):250-254
系统地分析了黑龙江省1951-2000年50年200个育成大豆品种的脂肪、蛋白质含量结果表明,脂肪含量最高的是60年代和70年代,分别为21.67%和21.20%,最小为90年代为20.03%。200个品种平均脂肪含量为20.74%,蛋白质含量平均为40.25%。进一步分析1951-2000年不同生态区育成的172个品种认为,脂肪、蛋白质含量有明显地理分布现象。西部干旱区为高脂肪区,北部高寒区为低脂肪区;高蛋白质区在南部黑土区和东部低湿区,低蛋白区在西部干旱区。这种明显的地理分布现象为大豆优质品种的区域化种植和专业化生产提供了依据。  相似文献   

3.
东北春大豆推广品种蛋白质脂肪含量变化分析   总被引:6,自引:1,他引:6  
齐宁 《大豆科学》2001,20(1):45-48
对东北三省自 50年代至 90年代 3 2 0份大豆推广品种的蛋白质脂肪含量变化进行了分析。结果看出 ,三省大豆推广品种的平均蛋白质含量以辽宁省品种最高为 42 .45% ,吉林省品种蛋白质含量最低为 3 9.87%。平均脂肪含量吉林省最高为 2 0 .49% ,辽宁省最低为 1 9.48% ,黑龙江省品种平均蛋白质脂肪含量均居中 ,分别为 40 .57%和 2 0 .2 0 %。五十年来 ,三省大豆推广品种蛋白质含量均有不同程度的提高 ,提高的幅度吉林 >辽宁 >黑龙江。平均脂肪含量吉林辽宁两省品种 50年代至 90年代均呈下降趋势 ,黑龙江品种平均脂肪含量略有提高。吉林辽宁两省不同熟期品种蛋白质含量均从早熟组至晚熟组呈逐渐上升趋势 ,脂肪含量则从早熟组到晚熟组依次降低 ,黑龙江品种蛋白质含量从早熟组到晚熟组逐渐降低 ,脂肪含量从早熟组到晚熟组呈上升趋势  相似文献   

4.
以吉林省1958-2005年间育成的33个水稻品种为材料,研究了产量、收获指数及植株地上部分各器官生物量的变化。随着品种的遗传改良,产量、收获指数、有效分蘖生物量和单茎生物量增加,分蘖总数减少。47年间产量由9118·36kg/hm2增加到15060·1kg/hm2,收获指数由0·46增加到0·55,平均每年分别增加1·39%和0·44%。随着品种的演替,单株分蘖总数下降,收获期单位土地面积生物量略有增加。产量和收获指数的增加是有效分蘖生物量和单茎生物量增加的结果。品种改良过程中单茎生物量增加是植株各器官生物量增加的结果,其中,抽穗期茎鞘生物量和抽穗后30d叶片生物量分别增加75·17%和49·94%。抽穗后叶片生物量和抽穗后10d的茎鞘生物量与产量呈显著相关,可作为高产品种的选择指标;抽穗后30d的单茎生物量与产量呈显著相关。  相似文献   

5.
为了解大豆品种遗传改良过程中叶片氮含量的变化及其与净光合速率的关系,对吉林省1923年-2004年间育成的21个大豆品种的叶片氮含量和光合特性进行了研究。结果表明,叶片氮含量与育成年代在R2期和R6期呈极显著或显著正相关,但在R4期呈不显著负相关。在R2期和R6期,大豆品种间叶片单位叶面积氮含量增长率明显大于净光合速率增长率,导致了氮素光合利用效率与育成年代呈极显著或显著负相关;在R4期,现代品种叶片单位叶面积氮含量低于老品种,而净光合速率仍高于老品种,导致了氮素光合利用效率与育成年代呈显著正相关。叶片氮含量高,叶绿素含量就高,净光合速率也高,但氮素光合利用效率却低;可将R4期氮素光合利用效率作为高产品种选育的一个指标。    相似文献   

6.
大豆种子脂肪和蛋白质形成及积累规律的初步研究   总被引:5,自引:2,他引:5  
张恒善  梁振富 《大豆科学》1990,9(3):191-197
以 8个脂肪和蛋白质含量不同的大豆品种为试材,探索了大豆种子脂肪和蛋白质形成与积累规律。结果是:在种子成长过程中,大豆种子干重呈递增的曲线。脂肪相对含量是:中晚熟品种在开花后13~23天迅速增加,脂肪形成高峰在开花后33~36天,以后多数品种稍有下降,少数品种下降后稍有回升。脂肪绝对含量呈递增的曲线。熟期相同的品种,凡在初期脂肪含量高者,成熟时亦高。 蛋白质相对含量呈“前急、后缓”的下降曲线,少数品种下降后又稍有回升。中熟品种在开花后17~37天下降陡度大。蛋白质绝对含量呈“前急、后缓”的递增曲线。同熟期品种,凡初期蛋白质含量高者,成熟种子亦高。 脂肪与蛋白质含量不仅在成熟种子呈负相关,而是始终呈负相关。  相似文献   

7.
研究了建国以来黑龙江省选育的148个大豆品种的蛋白质、脂肪、碳水化合物和灰分含量的变化及其生态地理分布。伴随着品种生产潜力的提高,该省育成品种的脂肪含量略有提高,蛋白质含量有明显的下降,但80年代又有回升;碳水化合物和灰分含量变化不大;蛋白质和脂肪含量生态地理区域间差别较大,克拜和绥化地区育成的品种蛋白质含量高,黑河与嫩江地区育成的品种脂肪含量高,碳水化合物和灰分含量地区之间差异不大。  相似文献   

8.
 2006-2007年对吉林省1958年至2005年间育成的25个粳稻品种产量特性及叶片光合生理指标进行了比较。结果表明,粳稻品种产量随育成年代呈线性增加。 由1958年的6 671.9 kg/hm2增加至2005年的11 853.2 kg/hm2,平均每年增加110.2 kg/hm2,年增幅为1.65%。收获指数、成熟期和粒叶比随育成年代推延而增加且与产量呈显著正相关。随着品种产量的增加,单叶净光合速率显著增加且与产量呈正相关,光合速率增加主要是由于品种表观叶肉导度随育成年代推延而显著增加所致。同时,胞间CO2浓度/大气CO2浓度比值呈下降趋势,说明现代品种的光合作用存在一定的气孔限制作用。现代品种叶片的蒸腾速率的增幅大于光合速率的增幅,导致水分利用效率下降。因此,在未来水稻品种选育中,筛选高光合种质资源的同时要兼顾品种的水分利用特性。  相似文献   

9.
黄淮海地区大豆品种主要农艺性状演变分析   总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0  
成雪峰 《大豆科学》2011,30(4):585-588,595
对黄淮海地区通过审定的212份大豆品种的主要农艺性状演变进行了分析。结果表明:2000年以后育成品种比70年代育成品种分枝和单株荚数分别降低26.04%和1.66%,百粒重和脂肪含量分别增加了23.17%和7.32%。株高、底荚高度和生育日数90年代育成品种最低;主茎节数80年代育成品种最少,比主茎节数最高的70年代育成品种减少18.37%;在黄淮海育成大豆品种中,亚有限结荚习性大豆所占比例持续增长,但还是以有限结荚习性为主,无限结荚习性大豆所占比例一直在下降;圆形叶的比例逐年增加,而披针叶和椭圆叶比例有所下降。随着年代推进,在分枝数和单株荚数下降的情况下,由于百粒重的增加,单产也随之增加。蛋白质含量以90年代育成品种最高;脂肪含量逐年稳步增长。  相似文献   

10.
徐永华  何志鸿 《大豆科学》1997,16(2):145-155
研究了建国以来黑龙江省选育的148个大豆品种的蛋白质、脂肪、碳水化合物和灰分含量的变化及其生态地理分布。伴随着品种生产潜力的提高,该省育成品种的脂肪含量略有提高,蛋白质含量有明显的下降,但80年代又有回升;碳水化合物和灰分含量变化不大;蛋白质和脂肪含量生态地理区域间差别较大,克拜和绥化地区育成的品种蛋白质含量高,黑河与嫩江地区育居的品种脂肪含量高,碳水化合物和灰分含量地区之间差异不大。  相似文献   

11.
Increasing yield is a high priority in most breeding programs. Approximately 600 soybean cultivars had been released by the end of the last century in Northeast China. Understanding the agronomic and physiological changes is essential for planning further plant breeding strategies in soybean. In this study, 45 representative soybean cultivars, from maturity groups 00 and 0, released from 1950 to 2006 in Northeast China were compared in field conditions for 3 consecutive years. A positive correlation between seed yield and year of cultivar release was indicated with a 0.58% average annual increase. Seed number per plant was the most important contributor to yield gain, with a 0.41% increase per year. Pod number per plant and seed size varied slightly with the year of cultivar release. Although variation in protein was from 37.0% to 45.5%, and oil concentration was from 16.7% to 22.0%, their concentrations were not consistently related to year of cultivar release. A 33% increase in the photosynthetic rate, 10.6% increase in plant dry weight and 19.0% increase in harvest index (HI) were found, while leaf area index (LAI) decreased by 17.3%. Modern cultivars have higher photosynthetic rates than their predecessors. The reduced plant height gave increased resistance to lodging, with the lodging score dropping from 3.2 in 1951 to 1.0 in 2006. Seed resistances to disease and pest infestation were also improved. Yield stability was enhanced over years, which could be attributed to the stable pod production across different environments. A flow diagram to explain the contributors to genetic improvement of soybeans in Northeast China was developed.  相似文献   

12.
黑龙江省及黄淮海地区大豆品种的遗传改进   总被引:10,自引:2,他引:8  
对黑龙江省和黄淮海地区不同时期有代表性的大豆品种进行比较研究,结果表明单株粒重、荚比、三四粒荚数、每节荚数、每荚粒数、百粒重、脂肪含量等性状与产量呈显著或极显著正相关,而倒伏性与产量呈极显著负相关。各地大豆品种遗传改进的明显趋势在于抗倒伏性显著增强,单株粒重提高,每节荚数、每荚粒数增多,粒重增大,茎杆增粗,株高降低。  相似文献   

13.
To understand the changes in yield, harvest index (HI) and biomass of aboveground parts of rice, 33 japonica rice cultivars released from 1958 to 2005 were planted. During the 47 years, the grain yield increased from 9 118.36 to 15 060.1 kg/hm2 and HI from 0.46 to 0.55. In the genetic improvement, the total number of tillers per plant decreased, and the biomass per unit area slightly increased at the harvest stage. The increases of yield and HI resulted from the increased biomasses of effective tillers and single stem, and the increase of biomass per stem was related to the increased biomasses of different organs along with the genetic improvement. The stem and sheath biomass at heading and the leaf biomass at 30 days after heading showed the highest increase, up by 75.17% and 49.94%, respectively. The biomasses of leaf and stem-sheath at 10 days after heading, and biomass per stem at 30 days after heading were obviously correlated with the yield. The results indicate that the genetic improvement has resulted in the increase of yield and HI. This increase is correlated with the decrease of total tiller number per plant, and increase of biomasses of effective tillers and single stem. The leaf biomass after heading and the stem and sheath biomass at 10 days after heading can be used as selection criteria for breeding high yielding rice cultivars.  相似文献   

14.
收获期籽粒田间霉变对大豆产量和品质的影响   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
为明确收获期籽粒田间霉变对大豆产量和品质的影响,采用人工降雨室内模拟连阴雨天气,对18个大豆材料进行高湿诱导霉变处理,通过籽粒霉变程度分级,比较不同材料间的霉变敏感性差异,同时考察霉变对大豆产量和品质的影响。结果表明,不同大豆材料对籽粒田间霉变的敏感性存在显著差异,黑色和棕色种皮大豆较黄色种皮大豆的霉变抗性更强。霉变使各大豆材料产量显著下降,产量损失在23.14%~96.55%之间,产量损失率与霉变指数呈极显著正相关(P0.01),产量损失率(Y)与霉变指数(X)的回归拟合方程为Y=1.34X+24.51,R=0.98。霉变还影响大豆品质,籽粒蛋白质、脂肪的相对含量随霉变程度的增加先降低后升高,可溶性糖的相对含量随霉变程度的增加而降低,而蛋白质、脂肪和可溶性糖的绝对含量均随霉变程度的增加而降低。此外,霉变使籽粒百粒重降低,并随霉变程度的增加而逐步降低。大豆收获期籽粒田间霉变会对大豆产量和品质产生不利影响,不同抗性的大豆种质资源为抗霉变大豆品种的选育提供了物质基础。  相似文献   

15.
The soyfood industry prefers some soybean [( Glycine max L. (Merr.)] cultivars over others based on chemical constituents, physical traits, and processing quality of the seed. However, soybean cultivars possessing the combination of desirable agronomic traits and biochemical characteristics that enhance the quality of soyfoods have not been identified in the U.S. Thus, this research was conducted with the objective of determining yield, seed protein, and fatty acid composition of soybean genotypes selected for tofu production. Twelve soybean genotypes were planted in plots arranged in a randomized complete block design with four replications at the Agricultural Research Station, Fort Valley State University, Georgia during 1994 and 1995. Seed yield ranged from 1.6 to 3.0 metric tons/ha. The protein content varied between 314.2 and 480.7 g/kg seed. Both BARC-8 and BARC-9 had significantly higher protein content than other genotypes. These two genotypes also showed significant year by genotype interactions for some fatty acids. V71-370 had the highest oleic acid concentration and a high ratio (0.92) of monounsaturated to polyunsaturated fatty acids. The concentration of linoleic and linolenic acids ranged from 406.5 to 531.0 and 37.1 to 63.0 g/kg oil, respectively. Seed yield was correlated with biomass, harvest index, and filled pods per m2. In this study, V71-370 was found to be relatively superior in oil quality with fatty acid composition desirable for human consumption. The significant variation for seed yield and biochemical characteristics observed among the few genotypes examined in this study indicates the potential for breeding high yielding soybean cultivars suitable for soyfoods. Therefore, there is a need for evaluation of soybean germplasm for agronomic traits that contribute to seed yield and biochemical characteristics including fatty acid profiles that enhance soyfood quality before initiating development of suitable cultivars for tofu.  相似文献   

16.
冯其虎  张复宁 《大豆科学》1991,10(3):172-178
本文通过对江苏淮北地区50~80年代先后推广的16个夏大豆代表品种的产量及有关性状变化的研究,看出本区大豆品种更替过程中,品种产量潜力的提高主要变化因素为:百粒重与每荚粒重的增加、收获指数的大幅度提高和生物量的稳步增长;植株矮化、节数和分枝数减少;全生育期缩短,而以鼓粒期为主的生殖生长期有所延长。本区今后大豆高产育种应在现有百粒重的基础上,协调好粒重、粒数和荚数三者关系,适当提高株荚数和每荚粒数,同时注意增加生物量,提高收获指数;生育期不宜再缩短,注意长鼓粒期的选择;进而提高育成品种的增产潜力和适应性。  相似文献   

17.
吉林省不同年代大豆品种源—库关系的变化   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
为了解吉林省大豆品种产量遗传改良过程中源—库关系的变化,对1923~2005年间育成的20个大豆品种的产量和源-库关系进行了研究。结果表明,大豆品种产量随着育成年代呈线性增加,82年来产量增长了113.1%,平均每年增长1.38%。产量的增加是源-库共同作用的结果,其中源—单株叶面积和叶片净光合速率82年来分别增长了27.76%和21.56%,年增长率为0.34%和0.26%;而库—单株荚数、单株粒数和单株粒重82年来分别增长了44.33%、80.1%和59.5%,平均每年增加0.54%、0.98%和0.73%;由于源库增长比例失调,使单株瘪粒荚数呈显著增加,82年来增加了314%;同时,也使单位叶面积粒数和粒重显著增加,82年来分别增长了50.86%和56.45%。本文结果说明,大豆育种工作者对大豆品种产量的遗传改良导致了源库关系的不协调变化,未来的高产大豆品种育种应注重源强度的增加,特别是单位叶面积光合能力的提高。  相似文献   

18.
大豆品种鼓粒期田间抗旱鉴定   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
大豆鼓粒期缺水是制约大豆产量形成的重要因素之一。在鼓粒期对大豆品种进行抗旱性鉴定,可为大豆抗旱育种和抗旱节水栽培提供依据。选取不同地区育成的代表性品种(品系)46份,在鼓粒期田间干旱与灌水条件下,分析其产量、产量性状、生育期与形态性状、籽粒品质性状等指标,并且对其进行抗旱性鉴定。结果表明,干旱区46份材料平均产量1 759.6 kg/hm²,灌水对照区平均产量2 223.1 kg/hm²,46个品种平均耗水系数1.079 t/kg。干旱对三粒荚影响显著,对单株荚数、单株粒数、生物产量、单株粒重、百粒重影响极显著。干旱区的平均蛋白质含量极显著高于灌水区,比对照区提高幅度4.47 %;平均脂肪含量极显著低于灌水区,比正常灌水区降低幅度4.19 %。干旱条件下品种百粒重下降,生育期提早均属于品种抗旱性的适应反映,与抗旱性无关。适于呼伦贝尔的品种推荐为北豆14、黑河50、黑河43、华疆3、登科1号、蒙豆15、北豆37、黑河36、北豆38等。  相似文献   

19.
Past breeding achievements in grain yield were mainly related to increases in harvest index (HI) without major changes in biomass production. As modern cultivars have already high HI, future breeding to improve grain yield will necessarily focus on increased biomass. Improved biomass would depend on our capacity to improve the amount of photosynthetically active radiation intercepted by the crop (IPAR%) or the efficiency with which the canopy converts that radiation into new biomass (radiation use efficiency, RUE). Four field experiments with a set of wheat cultivars selected, bred and introduced in the Mediterranean area of Spain and that represent important steps in wheat breeding in Spain were conducted in order to identify whether and how wheat breeding in this area affected the amount of IPAR% and RUE both before and after anthesis. Although there was genotypic variability, cultivars did not show any consistent trend with the year of release of the cultivars for their biomass, pre and post-anthesis IPAR%, Crop growth rate (CGR) or RUE but, the post-anthesis CGR and RUE of the two oldest genotypes were lower than that of the other cultivars. As the oldest genotypes have lower number of grains per m2 than their modern counterparts, it is suggested that post-anthesis RUE in these cultivars was reduced by lack of sinks and therefore further increases in grains per unit area in modern cultivars could permit to improve biomass via increases in post-anthesis RUE.  相似文献   

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