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奶牛乳房炎的病原菌分离鉴定与药物敏感性试验 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
对山东济南市5个奶牛场的165份临床型和147份隐性乳房炎奶样进行了分离鉴定.临床型未用利福平复合新药奶样48份,细菌检出率为83.33%;用该药2 d内采集的奶样117份,细菌检出率60.68%.隐性乳房炎奶样细菌检出率68.03%.用利福平复合新药对未用该药奶样分离菌35株和用该药后有代表性的分离菌40株,共75株临床型分离菌进行药敏试验,结果84%为高度敏感(63/75),16%为中度敏感(12/75).鉴定的细菌有葡萄球菌,链球菌,大肠杆菌,棒状杆菌,芽孢杆菌等.根据用药后患病奶牛的临床表现和奶样细菌分离情况,表明该药对奶牛乳房炎具有显著疗效. 相似文献
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奶牛乳房炎的病原菌分离鉴定与药敏试验 总被引：8，自引：1，他引：8
对山东济南市 5个奶牛场的 1 65份临床型和 1 4 7份隐性型乳房炎奶样进行了病原菌分离鉴定。临床型未用利福平复合新药奶样 48份 ,细菌检出率为 83 33 % ;用该药 2d内采集的奶样 1 1 7份 ,细菌检出率 60 68%。隐性乳房炎奶样细菌检出率 72 2 9%。用新研制的利福平复合新药对未用该药奶样分离菌 35株和用该药后有代表性的分离菌 40株 ,共 75株临床型分离菌进行药敏试验 ,结果 84%为高度敏感 (63/ 75) ,1 6 %为中度敏感 (1 2 / 75)。鉴定的细菌有葡萄球菌 ,链球菌 ,大肠杆菌 ,棒状杆菌 ,芽孢杆菌等。根据用药后患病奶牛的临床表现和奶样细菌分离情况 ,表明该药对奶牛乳房炎具有显著的治疗效果 相似文献
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为了明确中药复方灌注剂对奶牛乳房炎常见致病菌的体外抑菌效果及临床疗效,试验选用蒲公英、紫花地丁、金银花、连翘、当归及瓜蒌等中药,按照一定比例组方,采用中药灌注液的常用提取方法水提醇沉法提取有效成分。采用牛津杯法和二倍比稀释法对奶牛乳房炎常见病原菌大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌和链球菌进行体外抑菌试验,结果表明该中药复方灌注剂对上述致病菌均具有较好的抑菌效果。每天对患病奶牛乳区灌注该中药复方灌注液40mL,连续14d,发现其对隐性乳房炎有效率和治愈率达95.00%,对临床型乳房炎有效率达90.00%、治愈率达80.00%,用药后乳体细胞数低于20万个/m L,显著低于用药前乳体细胞数（P<0.05）,平均日产奶量提高约1kg,表明该中药复方灌注剂对奶牛乳房炎具备良好的治疗效果。 相似文献
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对重庆部分地区６个奶牛场１１８头泌乳奶牛进行临床型乳房炎的病因及发病情况调查,并对其中７６头泌４乳奶牛进行隐性乳房炎检查,同时对２２６份患乳房炎和健康奶牛奶样进行细菌学分离鉴定。结果表明：临床型乳房炎奶牛及阳性乳区分别为８．４７％（１０／１１８）和３．３２％（１５／４５２）;隐性乳房炎奶牛及阳性乳区分别为７８．９４％（６０／７６）和５０．３４％（１４８／２９４）;临床型乳房炎、隐性乳房炎奶牛的阳性乳区奶样和健康奶牛的奶样细菌检出率分别为８６．６７％（１３／１５）、８７．８３％（１３０／１４８）和７３．００％（４６／６３）;检出的细菌主要是葡萄球菌和链球菌。 相似文献
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Several studies have been published since 1990 on the economics of mastitis and mastitis management. However, hardly any of these studies has discussed the consistency of results with other studies. In the present paper, the economic factors associated with mastitis are explained, providing a framework for economic analysis. As a second step calculations of the costs of mastitis and the costs in relation to the benefits of mastitis management published since 1990 in peer-reviewed journals are extensively reviewed and analysed. The result shows a large variation in the calculated costs and benefits of mastitis and mastitis management between the different studies. Moreover, it is clear that important factors were ignored in some of the studies. The framework provided in this paper can provide a basis for analysis for future studies on the economics of mastitis and mastitis management. 相似文献
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旨在研究乳房炎及病原菌组成对中国荷斯坦牛测定日泌乳性能及体细胞数变化的影响.本研究于2009年9月对江苏某奶牛场140头成年中国荷斯坦泌乳牛进行乳房炎检测和DHI测定,同时对隐性乳房炎阳性乳区进行病原菌分离鉴定,并分析了不同乳房炎类型和隐性乳房炎病原菌组成对测定日泌乳性能和乳中SCC变化的影响.结果表明,该牛场临床乳房炎、隐性乳房炎和正常奶牛比例分别为10.00％、51.10％和37.90％,其中隐性乳房炎以大肠杆菌和链球菌混合感染最多(19头,占26.00％),其次为链球菌单独感染(17头,占23.30％).由1种细菌单独感染的比例为26头(占36.11％),2种或2种以上细菌混合感染为44头(占61.11％).乳房炎类型对测定日产奶量、乳糖含量、体细胞数和体细胞评分4个指标影响达到极显著水平(P＜0.01),临床乳房炎和隐性乳房炎奶牛日产奶量和乳糖含量极显著低于正常奶,同时体细胞数和体细胞评分极显著高于正常奶,而临床乳房炎奶和隐性乳房炎奶在所有检测指标上均无显著差异,但临床乳房炎奶比隐性乳房炎奶体细胞数高出约100万·mL-1.不同病原菌组成类型对乳中体细胞数和体细胞评分有极显著影响(P＜0.01),而对其它性状无显著影响(P＞0.05).混合感染奶牛测定日产奶量极显著低于单独感染奶牛(P＜0.01),同时乳中体细胞数显著高于单独感染奶牛(P＜0.01).乳房炎类型对乳中SCC的变化趋势有显著影响(P＜0.01),正常奶牛维持较低SCC的能力较强,隐性乳房炎奶牛在下一泌乳月体细胞增加的可能性较大.不同隐性乳房炎病原菌组成类型对乳中SCC的变化无显著影响.奶牛生产中隐性乳房炎发病率高,危害性也最大,不同病原菌混合感染引起的隐性乳房炎对测定日产奶量和乳中体细胞数影响最大.该结果为奶牛场采取合理措施,降低隐性乳房炎发生率提供了参考. 相似文献
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实验旨在探究奶牛乳房炎的风险因素,建立奶牛乳房炎风险评估模型,预测奶牛乳房炎患病风险。本研究利用北京地区1998—2016年196万余条奶牛群体改良(Dairy Herd Improvement,DHI)测定记录,将具有统计学意义的因素进行多因素Logistic回归分析,分析其中的风险因素,并建立奶牛乳房炎风险评估模型,通过大量DHI记录进行奶牛乳房炎患病风险预测研究。多因素Logistic回归分析结果发现,场规模越大,奶牛患乳房炎的概率相对越小;胎次越高,奶牛患乳房炎的概率越大;夏季奶牛患乳房炎的概率比其他季节的概率高;泌乳天数高于300 d的奶牛患乳房炎风险约为泌乳天数低于100 d奶牛的2倍。使用北京地区DHI记录进行Logistic回归分析得出,奶牛隐性乳房炎风险评估模型和奶牛临床乳房炎风险评估模型预测价值分别为0.721和0.825,认为可以应用于实际牛群。综上,本研究中确定的奶牛场规模、胎次、DHI测定季节、泌乳阶段等风险因素可用于奶牛乳房炎预测,并构建了奶牛隐性乳房炎、临床乳房炎的风险评估模型,以减少奶牛群的乳房炎发生概率。 相似文献
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Detection of the enterotoxins A, B, and C genes in Staphylococcus aureus from goat and bovine mastitis in Brazilian dairy herds 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
To determine the distribution of genes that encode enterotoxins A, B and C, 36 strains of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from goat mastitis and 64 isolated from bovine mastitis were analyzed by Multiplex PCR. Of the total strains studied, 37 (37%) were detected to have some of the SEs genes. From the bovine mastitis strains, 4 (6.3%) co-amplified the sea and seb genes and 2 (3.1%) were positive for the sec gene. From the goat mastitis strains, 31 (86%) tested positive to the Multiplex, and the sec gene was detected in all of them. The production of SE was detected in all strains harboring the corresponding gene. The results demonstrated that S. aureus isolated from goat mastitis had a higher enterotoxigenic potential than those isolated from bovine mastitis. Additionally, the presence of the sec gene in the majority of goat mastitis strains suggests a possible involvement of SEC in goat mastitis pathogenesis. 相似文献
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奶牛乳房炎是一种常见疾病,对动物福利和奶牛场的经济效益产生不利影响.患有乳房炎的奶牛,尤其是金葡菌乳房炎的奶牛,其牛奶产量和品质大幅下降,严重的还会导致奶牛丧失生产能力.目前,奶牛乳房炎相关的研究已成为畜牧业的重点课题.本文综述和分析了近几年奶牛乳房炎及奶牛金葡菌乳房炎的主要研究领域和现状,主要对其抗病遗传育种在转录组... 相似文献
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Field trial of a staphylococcal mastitis vaccine in dairy herds: clinical, subclinical and microbiological assessments 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
Objective To assess the efficacy of a new staphylococcal mastitis vaccine under commercial dairying conditions.
Design A field trial involving 1819 cows and heifers conducted on seven dairy herds in Victoria. The trial was done 'blind'; approximately half the animals were vaccinated and the remainder were untreated controls.
Procedure The vaccine was given twice during the last 10 weeks of pregnancy. Effects of vaccination were assessed, during the ensuing lactation, on the basis of clinical and sub-clinical mastitis and microbiological investigations of the milk.
Results A total of 273 cases of clinical mastitis were recorded. Staphylococcus aureus was isolated from 112 of these, 45 cases in vaccinates and 67 cases in controls; the difference was not statistically significant. One herd was notable in having a high incidence of clinical staphylococcal mastitis. This herd accounted for 15.8% of the animals in the field trial but 54.5% of cases of clinical staphylococcal mastitis. For this herd, vaccinated animals had significantly lower incidence of clinical staphylococcal mastitis and prevalence of subclinical mastitis, relative to controls. An unexpected feature of the trial as a whole was the low incidence of clinical mastitis from which S aureus was isolated in pure culture (26.3% of cases) and the high incidence of clinical Streptococcus uberis mastitis (22.7% of cases).
Conclusions The trial showed that the vaccine was efficacious in reducing the incidence of clinical mastitis and prevalence of subclinical mastitis in a herd that had a serious staphylococcal mastitis problem. 相似文献
Design A field trial involving 1819 cows and heifers conducted on seven dairy herds in Victoria. The trial was done 'blind'; approximately half the animals were vaccinated and the remainder were untreated controls.
Procedure The vaccine was given twice during the last 10 weeks of pregnancy. Effects of vaccination were assessed, during the ensuing lactation, on the basis of clinical and sub-clinical mastitis and microbiological investigations of the milk.
Results A total of 273 cases of clinical mastitis were recorded. Staphylococcus aureus was isolated from 112 of these, 45 cases in vaccinates and 67 cases in controls; the difference was not statistically significant. One herd was notable in having a high incidence of clinical staphylococcal mastitis. This herd accounted for 15.8% of the animals in the field trial but 54.5% of cases of clinical staphylococcal mastitis. For this herd, vaccinated animals had significantly lower incidence of clinical staphylococcal mastitis and prevalence of subclinical mastitis, relative to controls. An unexpected feature of the trial as a whole was the low incidence of clinical mastitis from which S aureus was isolated in pure culture (26.3% of cases) and the high incidence of clinical Streptococcus uberis mastitis (22.7% of cases).
Conclusions The trial showed that the vaccine was efficacious in reducing the incidence of clinical mastitis and prevalence of subclinical mastitis in a herd that had a serious staphylococcal mastitis problem. 相似文献
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奶牛胃肠道菌群与奶牛乳房炎关联性及其对乳房炎调控潜力的研究进展 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
乳房炎是严重影响奶牛机体健康状态及乳品质量的疾病之一。一直以来,外源致病菌入侵乳房并引发感染被认为是奶牛乳房炎发病的主要因素。然而,最近的研究表明,胃肠道菌群同样能够影响奶牛乳房炎的发病并对炎症进行调控。其主要机制可能涉及"肠道-乳腺"内源途径,即来自胃肠道的某些细菌可以通过涉及单核免疫细胞（主要是吞噬细胞）机制进行转移,通过内源性细胞途径（细菌性肠-乳途径）迁移到乳腺。本文就奶牛乳房炎的致病因素及其影响、胃肠道菌群与奶牛乳房炎的关联性及其对乳房炎的调控（包括饮食、短链脂肪酸（short-chain fatty acids,SCFAs）、益生菌及共生菌等因素）等方面进行了综述,旨在为奶牛乳房炎的发病机制及缓解措施提供新的思路。 相似文献
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Effect of mastitis during the first lactation on production and reproduction performance of Holstein cows 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Heravi Moussavi A Danesh Mesgaran M Gilbert RO 《Tropical animal health and production》2012,44(7):1567-1573
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of postpartum mastitis between first calving and subsequent conception on production and reproduction performance as well as culling of Holstein cows. A data set of 9,183 first lactation cows was used. Results showed that the first cumulative 100?days' milk production and the milk yield standardized to 305?days were affected by the interval from calving to first mastitis (P??0.05). Calving year, calving difficulty score, and cumulative first 60?days milk production had significant impacts on mastitis risk (P?相似文献
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Clinical mastitis in dairy cattle in Ontario: frequency of occurrence and bacteriological isolates. 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5 
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下载免费PDF全文 J M Sargeant H M Scott K E Leslie M J Ireland A Bashiri 《The Canadian veterinary journal. La revue veterinaire canadienne》1998,39(1):33-38
The objective of this study was to describe the frequency of occurrence of clinical mastitis in dairy herds in Ontario. The study group consisted of 65 dairy farms involved in a 2-year observational study, which included recording all clinical mastitis cases and milk sampling of quarters with clinical mastitis. Lactational incidence risks of 9.8% for abnormal milk only, 8.2% for abnormal milk with a hard or swollen udder, and 4.4% for abnormal milk plus systemic signs of illness related to mastitis were calculated for 2840 cows and heifers. Overall, 19.8% of cows experienced one or more cases of clinical mastitis during location. Teat injuries occurred in 2.1% of lactations. Standard bacteriology was performed on pretreatment milk samples from 834 cows with clinical mastitis. The bacteria isolated were Staphylococcus aureus (6.7%), Streptococcus agalactiae (0.7%), other Streptococcus spp. (14.1%), coliforms (17.2%), gram-positive bacilli (5.5%), Corynebacterium bovis (1.7%), and other Staphylococcus spp. (28.7%). There was no growth in 17.7% of samples, and 8.3% of samples were contaminated. Clinical mastitis is a common disease in dairy cows in Ontario; approximately 1 in 5 cow lactations have at lease one episode of clinical mastitis. There is, however, considerable variation in the incidence of clinical mastitis among farms. The majority of 1st cases of clinical mastitis occur early in lactation, and the risk of clinical mastitis increases with increasing parity. Environmental, contagious, and minor pathogens were all associated with cases of clinical mastitis. 相似文献
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Major causes of mastitis and associated risk factors in smallholder dairy farms in and around Hawassa, Southern Ethiopia 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
Abera M Habte T Aragaw K Asmare K Sheferaw D 《Tropical animal health and production》2012,44(6):1175-1179
A cross-sectional study was carried out from October 2008 to May 2009 in smallholder dairy farms in and around Hawassa to estimate the prevalence of mastitis, to isolate and characterize major bacterial pathogens, and to identify possible associated factors. The study involved a total of 201 milking cows randomly drawn from smallholder farms. The prevalence of clinical and subclinical mastitis was determined through clinical examination of the udder and using mastitis indicator paper (Bovivet indicator paper, Kruuse, Denmark). The prevalence of mastitis at cow and quarter level was 30.3 (61/201) and 10.3 (79/766), respectively. Subclinical mastitis was 25.4% and 5.0% was clinical. Stage of lactation significantly affected (P < 0.05) the prevalence of mastitis, with the highest prevalence observed in the late stage of lactation (41.3%) as compared to early (25.0%) and mid (22.1%) stages of lactation. Floor type and bedding had association (P < 0.05) with mastitis prevalence. Cows housed in concrete-floored houses had lower prevalence (19.0%) of mastitis compared to cows kept in soil-floored houses (47.6%). Mastitis prevalence was low in farms which do not use bedding (23.5%) as compared to farms using hay/straw bedding (37.4%). However, age, parity, and history of mastitis had no association (P > 0.05) on the prevalence of mastitis. The pathogens isolated from mastitic cows were Staphylococcus aureus (48.6%), other staphylococci species (15.7%), Streptococcus agalactiae (11.4%), other streptococci (17.1%), Bacillus species (2.9%), and coliforms (Escherichia coli and Klebsiella species) (4.3%). Strict hygienic measure of housing and bedding should be considered, in reducing the prevalence of mastitis. 相似文献