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旨在比较研究长期高负荷运动训练前后蒙古马肌肉组织中与肌肉发育相关关键基因的表达量,从而为马匹耐力训练方案的制定提供数据支持。本研究以3匹5岁雌性蒙古马为试验对象,对其进行为期4个月的连续性高负荷耐力运动训练,并在实施运动训练前后采集臀中肌肌肉用于后续研究。采用RT-qPCR和Western blot方法,比较分析长期高负荷运动训练前后蒙古马肌肉组织中MYL-2和TNNC1基因在转录和翻译水平的表达量。结果表明,经长期高负荷运动训练后蒙古马骨骼肌中MYL-2和TNNC1基因在mRNA水平的表达量极显著高于运动训练前(P0.01)。在蛋白水平,MYL-2的表达量在运动训练后有了极显著的增加(P0.01),而TNNC1在运动后虽有增加但未达到显著水平(P0.05)。长期的高负荷运动训练对蒙古马肌肉发育相关基因MYL-2和TNNC1的表达均有促进作用,从而能够促进肌肉的发育,对蒙古马的耐力形成至关重要。 相似文献
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《科技视界》2017,(2)
目的:分析在校大学生以及人体成分的现状,研究膳食营养因素对人体成分的影响。方法 :采用按年级整群抽样的方法 ,选取护理学院2013、2014级本科生,2014级专科生中展开问卷调查以及人体成分测定。结果:本科生饮食行为与体脂率的相关性接近显著。高频食用炸烤食品以及含糖饮料与健康评分的相关性接近显著。结果:大学生营养知识缺乏,饮食行为不健康。人体成分分析结果显示受试大学生营养不良检出率较低,但脂肪过多以及肥胖的学生例数偏高,普遍肌肉量偏低。本科生饮食行为与体脂率相关性接近显著,高频食用炸烤类食物以及含糖饮料与健康评分相关性接近显著。结论:饮食控制能明显改善超重或肥胖患者的体脂肪和内脏脂肪面积,早餐习惯和熬夜对体脂肪率影响显著。应进一步加强引导大学生树立健康意识,养成健康饮食、锻炼行为和良好的生活习惯。 相似文献
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本文运用文献资料法、测试法、逻辑分析法,对冀南地区农民工的健康体适能状况进行调查,得出结论和对策:冀南地区农民工健康体适能总体水平下降。尤其反映柔韧素质的男子坐位体前屈下降显著。做好健康知识宣传和正确引导,使农民工能够有规律的体育锻炼、营养适宜、消除不良习惯及控制精神压力等,在增进健康体适能的锻炼中能自主锻炼,自我监督,自行评价。 相似文献
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本文运用文献资料法、测试法、逻辑分析法,对冀南地区农民工的健康体适能状况进行调查,得出结论和对策:冀南地区农民工健康体适能总体水平下降.尤其反映柔韧素质的男子坐位体前屈下降显著.做好健康知识宣传和正确引导,使农民工能够有规律的体育锻炼、营养适宜、消除不良习惯及控制精神压力等,在增进健康体适能的锻炼中能自主锻炼,自我监督,自行评价. 相似文献
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过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体γ共激活因子-1(peroxisome proliferator-activated receptorγcoactivator-1,PGC-1α)是过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体PPARγ(peroxisome proliferator-activated receptorγ,PPARγ)的转录共激活因子。耐力训练可诱导骨骼肌发生一系列的生理性适应过程,其中包括线粒体生物合成、肌纤维类型转换、糖代谢及脂代谢适应。PGC-1α在耐力运动训练过程中增加骨骼肌收缩活动,能促骨骼肌适应,而且PGC-1α基因表达在自适过程中起到中枢作用。PGC-1α是一个转录辅激活因子,它可以诱导肌肉线粒体生物合成,是运动诱导的表型适应和底物利用的主要调节剂,诱导快肌纤维向慢肌纤维转换,从而增强利用碳水化合物和脂肪的能力。也与糖尿病、肥胖、运动过程中的能量代谢等密切相关。 相似文献
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本文研究松萝提取物对大强度耐力训练中大鼠体重和运动能力影响的机理,为松萝提取物作为运动补剂提供实验依据。方法：以24只SD雄性大鼠为研究对象,随机分为安静组、运动组、运动加药组三组,每组各8只雄性大鼠。通过定时给大鼠灌胃淀粉溶液和松萝提取物溶液以及建立大鼠体重测量模型和建立大强度耐力训练大鼠动物跑台模型,测定运动大鼠力竭运动的体重和运动时间指标,研究松萝提取物对大强度耐力训练中大鼠体重和运动能力的影响。结果：松萝提取物对大鼠的体重没有显著的影响,并且对大鼠的运动能力有很明显的提高。由此可利用松萝提取物开发大强度耐力运动项目的补充剂。 相似文献
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Saunders DG 《Clinical Techniques in Small Animal Practice》2007,22(4):155-159
Therapeutic exercise is a key component of any rehabilitation program and should be included as part of the concurrent care of any patient whether that patient has two or four legs. Physical therapists have been utilizing therapeutic exercises with great success since the conception of the profession in the beginning of the twentieth century and it has been demonstrated to be fundamental in improving function, performance and disability. Therapeutic exercise can consist of a variety of exercises inclusive of balance, strengthening, range of motion, endurance, and plyometric activities. The goals of therapeutic exercises include the restoration of movement, improvement of function and strength, improvement in gait and balance, and the prevention and the promotion of health, wellness, and fitness. Specific exercises are aimed at restoring strength, power and work, or endurance, or a combination. Therapeutic exercises are also utilized to increase range of motion, decrease pain, improve balance and proprioception, and restore function. 相似文献
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M.J. Delany 《African Zoology》2013,48(2):129-133
In human subjects, large variations between individuals (up to 3-fold) exist in the capacity for endurance exercise performance. In a heterogeneous population, endurance performance is strongly related to whole body maximal oxygen uptake (VO2 max). This is in part genotype dependent (?25%) but is adaptable with training. However, this relationship does not hold within a homogeneous group of well-trained runners. Other phySiOlogical characteristics must contribute to endurance performance and these may include specific advantageous skeletal muscle phenotypes. Muscle fibre type distribution is also heterogeneous, although less adaptable. In contrast, muscle oxidative enzyme capacity is highly adaptable with training. The genetic influences on these muscle characteristics have been indirectly investigated by comparing African endurance athletes, who dominate world-class events, to Caucasian endurance athletes. We have established that African runners have greater resistance to fatigue than Caucasians (p < 0.01) and 50% greater oxidative enzyme activity in vastus lateralis samples (p < 0.05), despite somewhat lower Type I fibre proportion. These differences were not inherently present in a group of sedentary Africans, suggesting that the genotypic influence on athletic performance may be a superior adaptation to training, rather than a baseline genetic effect. Combined physiological and genetic studies are likely to elucidate a polygenetic basis for superior endurance performance. 相似文献
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Heart rate, blood biochemistry and performance of horses competing in a 100 km endurance ride 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
M M Sloet van Oldruitenborgh-Oosterbaan T Wensing A Barneveld H J Breukink 《The Veterinary record》1991,128(8):175-179
To determine whether a clinical examination was adequate to assess the fitness of horses in an endurance ride, and to characterise the relationship between a clinical assessment of the horse's fitness and its blood biochemistry, 23 horses were monitored before, during and after an 87 to 100 km endurance ride. Blood samples were taken before the ride, at three checkpoints on the ride, immediately after the ride and one day later for the determination of packed cell volume, total protein, lactate, glucose, non-esterified fatty acids, creatine phosphokinase, aspartate aminotransferase and plasma electrolytes. Heart rate measurements appeared to be a reliable indicator of the metabolic status of endurance horses suggesting that veterinary examinations according to the official Fédération Equestre Internationale rules are adequate to protect the health and welfare of horses competing in endurance races. 相似文献
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Influence of type of enclosure on exercise fitness of dogs 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The effect of various confinement conditions on physical fitness in dogs was evaluated. Eighteen 9.5- to 10-month-old female purpose-bred Beagles were maintained individually for 3 months at a time in 1 of 6 confinement conditions: Condition A--an outdoor housing area with a conventional dog house and free access to a 6.1 x 9.1-m pen; condition B--outdoor kennel with a conventional dog house and free access to a 1.8 x 6.1-m run; condition C--indoor environmentally controlled 1.2 x 3.66-m run; condition D-0.9 x 1.2 x 0.84-m conventional laboratory cage in an indoor environmentally controlled room; condition E--0.9 x 1.2 x 0.84-m conventional laboratory cage in an indoor environmentally controlled room with treadmill exercise (7 km/h at a 10% grade) for 30 min/d, 5 d/wk; condition F--0.71 x 0.86 x 0.69-m conventional laboratory cage in an indoor environmentally controlled room. During the final week of each 3-month interval, muscle succinate dehydrogenase enzyme activities and submaximal exercise heart rates (during treadmill exercise) were determined to estimate physical fitness. Also, 5 days after being moved into a different housing condition, blood samples were collected for plasma cortisol determination. The type of confinement condition for dogs had little effect on muscle succinate dehydrogenase activity, but had a modest effect on submaximal exercise heart rates of dogs.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) 相似文献
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Several hormones regulate Na+, K+-ATPase content in the muscle cell membrane, which is essential for maintaining muscle cell excitability. Chronic glucocorticoid excess is associated with muscle weakness and reduced endurance. We hypothesized that chronic glucocorticoid excess affects Na+, K+-ATPase content in canine skeletal muscle, and contributes to reduced endurance and muscle weakness associated with pituitary-dependent hyperadrenocorticism (PDH) in dogs. Therefore, Na+, K+-ATPase content in skeletal muscle was evaluated before and after hypophysectomy and hormone replacement (cortisone and l-thyroxin) in dogs with PDH (n = 13), and in healthy controls (n = 6). In addition, baseline and exercise-induced changes in plasma electrolyte concentrations and acid–base balance were evaluated before and after hypophysectomy in dogs with PDH. Na+, K+-ATPase content of gluteal muscle in dogs with PDH was significantly lower than in control dogs (201 ± 13 pmol/g versus 260 ± 8 pmol/g wet weight; P < 0.01). Similar differences were found in palatine muscle. After hypophysectomy and on hormone replacement, Na+, K+-ATPase was increased (234 ± 7 pmol/g wet weight). Both plasma pH and base excess in dogs with PDH (7.44 ± 0.01; 1.7 ± 0.6 mmol/l, respectively) were significantly higher (P < 0.05) than after hypophysectomy and hormone replacement (7.41 ± 0.01; −0.2 ± 0.4 mmol/l, respectively). Exercise induced respiratory alkalosis, but did not result in hyperkalemia in dogs with PDH. In conclusion, chronic glucocorticoid excess in dogs with PDH is associated with decreased Na+, K+-ATPase content in skeletal muscle. This may contribute to reduce endurance in canine PDH, although dogs with PDH did not exhibit exercise-induced hyperkalemia. Na+, K+-ATPase content normalized to values statistically not different from healthy controls after hypophysectomy and hormone replacement. 相似文献
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The effect of physical training on the in vitro activities of key enzymes that provide quantitative information on the maximum capacities of anaerobic and aerobic metabolism has been investigated in the gluteal muscle of the horse. Training had no effect on the activities of 6-phosphofructokinase or creatine kinase, suggesting that there was no effect on the capacity of anaerobic metabolism in this muscle. However, the activities of hexokinase and citrate synthase were increased, indicating that training increased the capacity of aerobic metabolism. For comparative purposes, muscle fibre composition and enzyme activities were also determined in a group of foals and a group of broodmares. 相似文献
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Lawan Adamu Noraniza Mohd Adzahan Abdullah Rasedee Bashir Ahmad 《Journal of Equine Veterinary Science》2014
Endurance racing is one long-distance event among the equine sporting activities associated with severe injuries and metabolic derangements that impede the health status of horses participating in the event. Therefore, this study evaluated the physical parameters and risk factors associated with the elimination of Arabian and crossed Arabian endurance horses during a 120-km race. Fifty-three Arabian and crossed Arabian endurance horses aged 6 to 15 years old participated in an endurance race of 120 km. All the horses were examined and found fit according to Fédération Équestre Internationale (FEI) regulations. After the endurance race 14 Arabian endurance horses completed the race successfully while 31 Arabian and crossed Arabian were eliminated. Their speed and heart rates were significantly higher (P < .0001). There were significant differences in skin recoil (P < .0395), color of mucous membrane (P < .0189), intestinal motility (P < .0124), and capillary refill time (P < .0082). There also were significant differences in age (P < .0018), breed (P < .0119), and equine establishments (P < .0205) among the eliminated horses and the Arabian and crossed Arabian endurance horses that successfully completed the race. In conclusion, the physical parameters and risk factors were significantly associated with the elimination of Arabian and crossed Arabian endurance horses. Therefore, close monitoring of the physical parameters and risk factors are essential in order to improve the performance of Arabian and crossed Arabian horses, and further studies are required on other associated parameters. 相似文献
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D W Milne R T Skarda A A Gabel L G Smith K Ault 《American journal of veterinary research》1976,37(3):285-290
Effects of training at a regular, fixed, standard exercise load on venous lactic acid, mixed venous and arterial blood gases and pH, and serum muscle enzymes were determined on previously unconditioned, healthy, adult, Standardbred horses. Arterial and mixed venous blood gases, pH, and serum muscle enzymes did not change in a consistent manner during training. Venous lactic acid concentrations did increase significantly with training and may be of value for the biochemical evaluation of fitness in horses. 相似文献
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为探究蒙古马骨骼肌在运动和肉质方面的特点，本研究选取2匹5岁健康未调教的成年公马全身主要骨骼肌52块(2匹×26块)作为研究对象。试验采用石蜡切片、免疫组化、HE染色的方法得到26个部位骨骼肌形态、快慢肌纤维分布情况、肌纤维横截面积。因不同部位骨骼肌存在差异，本研究将肌肉组织分为5组(头颈部、前肢、躯干部、腹壁侧、后肢)分别进行统计。将其中对应的24个部位与前期得到的纯血马骨骼肌快慢肌纤维比例进行分组比对。结果得到蒙古马全身主要骨骼肌的表型谱，其中颈锯肌、冈上肌、臂二头肌、腕桡侧屈肌、腓肠肌、菱形肌、胸腹侧锯肌的慢肌纤维占比较低；腕桡侧伸肌、臂三头肌、背最长肌、臀中肌慢肌纤维占比达70%以上；且慢肌纤维占比与肌纤维横截面积呈负相关。蒙古马骨骼肌慢肌纤维占比基本高于纯血马，前肢、躯干部差异极显著(P<0.01),后肢、腹壁侧差异显著(P<0.05)。其中蒙古马与纯血马在臂三头肌、臀中肌、半膜肌和背最长肌慢肌纤维的差值大于50%。结果表明，蒙古马颈锯肌、冈上肌、臂二头肌、腕桡侧屈肌、腓肠肌、菱形肌、胸腹侧锯肌具有耐力训练的潜力；腕桡侧伸肌、臂三头肌、背最长肌、臀中肌品质好，可为... 相似文献
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Denis J Marcellin-Little David Levine Robert Taylor 《Veterinary Clinics of North America: Small Animal Practice》2005,35(6):1427-39, ix
Owners and trainers exercise sporting dogs to increase their fitness and optimize their conditioning and performance. Training is designed to in-crease strength, endurance, and agility and is sport-specific. Sporting dogs are susceptible to specific musculoskeletal injuries. The rehabilitation of sporting dogs after these injuries follows specific principles during the acute, subacute, and reconditioning periods. 相似文献