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1.
Twelve synthesized ainphiplonds involving Karnal bunt (Neovossia indica)-resisiant accessions of Triticum monococum, T. boeoticum and Aegilops sqiwrrosa and susceptible but otherwise well adapted and high yielding T. Durum cultiviars were evaluated for Karnal bunt resisiance under artificial inoculation conditions. All ihe synthetic amphiploids, except DWI. 5031 x T. monocoirtum aniphlploid, were free from Karnal bunt disease indicating that the Karnal bunt resistance or T. motsococcum, T. boeoticMrn and Ae, squarrosa is expressec in the presence of the dnrum complement. The importance and utilization of the amphiploids fox breeding wheat varieties resistant to karnal bunt are discussed. 相似文献
2.
Hexaploid tritordeum, the amphiploid Hordeum chilense x Triticum turgidum conv. durum has a higher grain carotene content than durum wheat. In order to decide strategies for introgressing this character into durum wheat, the effect on the carotene content of tritordeum synthesized with H. chilense and durum wheat differing in carotene content was analysed. Carotene content was evaluated in 35 primary tritordeum lines and their parents, 27 H. chilense accessions and 19 durum wheat cultivars. Some amphiploids have either one barley or wheat parent in common. In general, the influence of H. chilense is more important than that of wheat in the amphiploid carotene content. Nevertheless, the interactions between both parents on the amphiploid carotene content are also important. 相似文献
3.
The reaction of tritordeum and its Hordeum chilense and Triticum spp. parents to common bunt incited by Tilletia tritici were determined in field experiments. H. chilense accessions were very resistant, and durum wheats exhibited high to moderate levels of resistance. Conversely, bread wheats were highly susceptible. Resistance from H. chilense was expressed in the amphiploids, although the level of resistance was partially diluted at higher ploidy levels. Hexaploid tritordeums were immune to the disease; some infection was observed among the octo-ploids but at much lower levels than in their respective wheat parents. 相似文献
4.
A. M. Castro A. Vasicek S. Ramos A. Martin L. M. Martin A. F. G. Dixon 《Plant Breeding》1998,117(6):515-522
A collection of tritordeum amphiploids (Hordeum chilense × Triticum turgadum) and their wheat parents were screened for resistance against the two main aphid pesis of cereals, the greenhug. Schizaphis graminum Rond. and ihe Russian wheat aphid (RWA) Diuraphis naxia Mord-vilko. Antixenosis. antibiosis and tolerance were evaluated in controlled environmental conditions using a. clone of greenbug biotypc C and a clone of RWA collected on pasta wheat. Tritordeum amphiploids pos-sess genetic resistance against greenbug and RWA; some of the lines tested were more resistant than the parental wheat line. Four principal components explained the resistance against both aphid species. The antixenosis shown against both pests was mainly contributed by their wheat parents. The antibiosis againsl both aphid species was obviously dependent on diflerent plant traits. The highest levels of antibiosis against the two aphids occurred in different amphiploids. Different genes are involved in the antibiotic reaction against the two aphids. The Tritordeum resistance to RWA is based on anlixenosis and ant-biosis since the tolerance trails were not independent of the other types of resistance. The level of tolerance shown to the greenbug was variable and appears to be controlled by differeni mechanisms. The tolerance to aphids shown by H. chilense is expressed in the amphiploids. but with some genomic interaction. Genes conferring resistance to aphids in H. chilensee could be incorporated into new cultivars of wheat to broaden their genetic base of resistance against greenbug and RWA. 相似文献
5.
Summary
Hordeum chilense is a wild barley extensively used in wide crosses in the Triticeae. It could be a valuable source of resistance to Fusarium culmorum and Septoria nodorum. Some H. chilense x Triticum spp. amphiploids, named tritordeums, were more resistant than the parental wheat line to these diseases, others were not. Average contents of ergosterol and deoxynivalenol (DON) suggested that resistance to colonization by Fusarium was the highest for Hordeum chilense, followed by tritordeum and wheat in decreasing order. In particular, the H. chilense genotypes H7 and H17 enhanced the wheat resistance to F. culmorum in its tritordeum offsprings. Resistance to S. nodorum in tritordeum was not associated with tall plant height. There is sufficient genetic variation for resistance to F. culmorum and S. nodorum among tritordeum to allow the breeding of lines combining short straw and resistance to both diseases. 相似文献
6.
Stripe rust (caused by Puccinia striiformis Westend.) is a wheat disease of worldwide importance. Seedlings of 75 accessions
of Triticum boeoticum, 12 of T. monococcum, 16 of T. urartu, 230 of durum wheat (T. turgidum L. var. durum), and 128 amphiploids
(genome AAAABB) involving the crosses of the three diploid species (AA) with T. turgidum (AABB) were evaluated in the greenhouse
for their reaction to P. striiformis race 14E14. Durum wheats and the amphiploids were also evaluated at two field locations
in Mexico with the same race for their adult plant response. Resistant seedling reactions (infection types: 0-3 on a 0-9 scale)
were seen for 10 (13%) accessions of T. boeticum, 19 (8%) accessions of T. turgidum and 32 (25%) amphiploids. The remaining
accessions were either moderately resistant (ITs 4-6) or susceptible (ITs 7-9). The three amphiploids derived from the crosses
of seedling resistant T. boeoticum and T. turgidum, were resistant as seedlings. Among the 51 amphiploids involving one resistant
parent, 29 were resistant and the remaining 22 displayed intermediate to susceptible reactions. Suppressors for resistance
were common in the A and AB genomes and suppression was resistance gene specific. Forty-five (20%) durums showed adequate
field resistance (relative AUDPC <10% of the susceptible check ‘Morocco’). These included the 19 seedling resistant durums.
Presence of genes involved in adult plant resistance was evident, because 26 of the remaining adult plant resistant durums
had displayed intermediate-susceptible seedling reactions. Though the seedling reactions of the amphiploids varied from low
to high, all involving the adult plant resistant durums possessed adequate field resistance. The resistant, newly produced,
AAAABB amphiploids are useful genetic resources for stripe rust resistance which could be transferred to the cultivated T.
turgidum.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
7.
The reaction of tritordeum and its Hordeum chilense and Triticum spp. parents to Septoria tritici was studied in field and seedling experiments. All H. chilense lines were highly resistant to all the isolates and did not allow pycnidia development. The ‘durum wheat isolate’ developed pycnidia only on durum wheats. The ‘breed wheat isolate’ was very virulent on bread wheat but also on the wild tetra-ploid wheats. The other two isolates were compatible with durum and bread wheat. All hexaploid tritordeums were highly resistant both in the field and the seedling experiments. Some octoploid tritordeums allowed pycnidial development, but at much lower levels than their wheat parent. Resistance in tritordeum was not associated with plant stature and only in octoploid tritordeum was association of resistance with late maturity detected. 相似文献
8.
Hexaploid tritordeum is an amphiploid derived from the cross between Hordeum chilense and durum wheat. This amphiploid has
shown potential for bread making, which has been associated to the prolamins from H. chilense. The role of each prolamin subunit
on the gluten strength in tritordeum has been evaluated. Advanced progenies from two hexaploid tritordeum crosses were analysed
for prolamins composition and gluten strength. Six loci were found for the prolamins synthesised at the Hch genome, which showed significant effects on gluten strength. Although these tritordeum lines represent only a small proportion
of the genetic variability available in the development programme for this new crop, a certain degree of variation for prolamins
composition was detected. In fact, up to three allelic variants have been detected for some loci, which have shown different
effect on gluten strength in tritordeum. Each of these six loci appeared on the same linkage group that corresponded to chromosome
1Hch. The search of new variants for these loci could be useful for tritordeum quality breeding and, using tritordeum as a bridge
species, this genetic variability could be introgressed into bread wheat.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
9.
Summary Karnal bunt caused by Tilletia indica in wheat seriously affects the quality of the grains. It is important to generate information on the genetics of resistance to this pathogen so as to aid resistance breeding. For this purpose, four Karnal bunt-resistant lines from China, Brazil and CIMMYT (International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center) and a susceptible Indian cultivar, WL711, were used. The parents, F1 and F3 progenies of five parental diallel crosses revealed that independently segregating loci with three partial dominant resistance alleles were involved in the resistance of Karnal bunt. Lines RC7201/2*BR2 and Roek//Maya/NAC carried one locus for resistance while Shanghai#7 and Aldan/IAS58 have two and three loci, respectively. One common locus was present in all four resistant parents, which imparted a high level of resistance. 相似文献
10.
Reactions to eight isolates of Karnal bunt, Neovossia indica, collected from seven different locations in northern India were studied on 13 host lines, including cultivars and breeding lines of Triticum aestivum, Triticum durum and Triticosecale in all possible combinations. The incidence of Karnal bunt varied from zero in PBW 34 and PBW 248 with isolates Ni8 and Ni2, respectively, to as high as 66.8% in a highly susceptible cultivar WL 711 with isolate Ni5. The differences in disease incidence among cultivars and isolates were highly significant. All the isolates could be distinguished on the basis of differential reactions on one or more of the host lines. Even the most resistant lines of durum (PDW 215), triticale (TL 1210) and wheat (HD 29) could be distinguished by the differential disease reaction with one or more of the eight isolates. The cultivar-isolate interaction for disease score was highly significant, indicating the probable existence of a gene-for-gene relationship in this host-pathogen system. 相似文献
11.
Inheritance of resistance to Karnal bunt (Tilletia indica Mitra) in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
The mode of inheritance and allelic relationships among genes conferring resistance to Karnal bunt were studied in seven bread-wheat (six resistant and one susceptible) genotypes. The resistant genotypes originated in China (‘Shanghai#8’), Brazil (PF71131), the USA (‘Chris’), and Mexico (‘Amsel’, CMH77.308 and ‘Pigeon’). The susceptible line WL711 was from India. Evaluation of these wheat lines and all possible crosses among their F1 and F3 generations (about 100 progenies in each cross) revealed that two partially recessive genes conferred the resistance to Karnal bunt in ‘Pigeon’, whereas four partially dominant genes were present in the other genotypes. ‘Chris’, ‘Amsel’ and PF71131 carry one gene, whereas ‘Shanghai#8’ and CMH77.308 have two genes. ‘Chris’, ‘Amsel’, and PF71131 have different genes, whereas one gene was common to PF71131, CMH77.308 and ‘Shanghai#8’, and another to ‘Chris’ and CMH77.308. Gene symbols were formally designated to the resistant stocks. Resistance was incomplete and stable. 相似文献
12.
Chromosomal localization of genes for carotenoid pigments using addition lines of Hordeum chilense in wheat 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
×Tritordeum sp. (Ascherson et Graebner) is the amphiploid obtained after chromosome doubling of hybrids between Hordeum chilense (Roem. et Schult.) and diploid, tetraploid or hexaploid wheats. Tritordeums have consistently higher carotenoid pigment contents than durum or bread wheat. Two distinct H. chilense accessions (used for the synthesis of tritordeum) were analysed for this trait. The chromosomal localization of the genes coding the ability of H. chilense to increase the carotene content of wheat were carried out using two sets of wheat- H. chilense addition lines. The a arm of chromosome 7Hch is proposed to be responsible for the high carotene content in tritordeum. The implication of this finding in wheat breeding is discussed. 相似文献
13.
Genealogical Identification of Hexaploid Tritordeum by Electrophoretic Separation of Endosperm Storage Proteins 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
J. B. Alvarez A. L. Canalejo J. Ballesteros W. J. Rogers L. M. Martin 《Plant Breeding》1993,111(2):166-169
Hexaploid Tritordeum (×Tritordeum Ascherson et Graebner) has been analyzed by SDS-PAGE, to test the efficiency of the method for confirming the parents of different lines, and for unequivocally discriminating between the lines. The results clearly show that endosperm storage proteins from both parents (durum wheat ——Triticum turgidum conv. durum Desf. em. M.K. —— and Hordeum chilense Roem. et Schulz.) are expressed in the endosperm of the amphiploid between them. Although the spectra of proteins from the parental species overlap on the gel, there are sufficient number of bands with distinct electrophoretic mobilities to identify unambiguously their parental origin. Furthermore, in the six lines of tritordeum analyzed, obtained from crosses between three accessions of H. chilense and four cultivars or lines of wheat, there was sufficient polymorphism amongst the parents, particularly amongst the H. chilense accessions, to enable both aims of the project to be met, that is, to confirm the genealogy of each tritordeum, and to discriminate between different lines. This study provides the basis of future investigation on the relationship between bread-making quality in tritordeum and the allelic composition of storage proteins. 相似文献
14.
Summary Hexaploid and octoploid tritordeum and their Triticum spp. parents were studied in the seedling stage to compare their components of partial resistance to Puccinia recondita f.sp. tritici. The components studied were infection frequency, latency period and size of uredia. The non-host Hordeum chilense parent does not confer any increase of partial resistance to wheat brown rust to its amphiploids with wheat. 相似文献
15.
R. L. Villareal A. Mujeeb-Kazi G. Fuentes-Davila S. Rajaram E. Del Toro 《Plant Breeding》1994,112(1):63-69
Synthetic hexaploids (SH) developed at the International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), involving four Triticum turgidum and nine T. tauschii parents, were evaluated for resistance to Karnal bunt (KB) (Tilletia indica Mitra) during three crop seasons over three years at Ciudad Obregon, Sonora, Mexico. Ten tillers of each SH at boot stage, taken at random, were injected with a suspension of sporidia in water (10,000 spores/ml of water). At maturity the inoculated spikes were threshed individually and evaluated for the percentage KB-infected grains. Based on the mean KB score of each entry for three seasons, 49 % of the SH were immune (0 % infection) to KB. Highly resistant expressions characterized the SH which appeared to be influenced by the resistance of their T. turgidum and/or T. tauschii parents. The overall mean infection of the SH wheats was 0.24 % compared to 56.14 % in the susceptible bread wheat check cultivat ‘WL711’. Transfer of KB resistance genes from SH wheats into bread wheat is currently underway at CIMMYT. 相似文献
16.
Fourteen Mexican genotypes of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) with good to moderate levels of resistance to Karnal bunt (Tilletia indica (Mitra)) were crossed with the highly susceptible cultivar WL711 to determine the genetic basis of resistance. The parents, F1 F2 and backcross populations of the 14 crosses were evaluated under artificial epiphytotic conditions during the 1993–94 season for Karnal bunt resistance. The F1 data suggested that the resistance was dominant to partially dominant over susceptibility. The F2 analysis of the segregation ratios in the F2 and backcross generations indicated that the resistance in the wheat genotypes Luan, Attila, Vee #7/Bow, Star, Weaver, Milan, Sasia and Turacio/Chil is controlled by two genes. The resistance in genotypes Cettia, Irena, Turaco, Opata, Picus, and Yaco was found to be conditioned by a single dominant gene. The genotypes with two genes for resistance expressed a higher level of resistance than those with a single gene and, therefore, are better sources of resistance to Karnal bunt. 相似文献
17.
Inheritance of resistance to Karnal bunt was investigated in the crosses of four resistant synthetic hexaploid wheats (SH; Triticum turgidum×T. tauschii) and two susceptible T. aestivum cultivars. The resistance was dominant or partly dominant over susceptibility. The SH cultivars Chen/T. tauschii (205) and Chen/T. tauschii (224) have single dominant resistance genes which could be allelic to each other. ‘Altar 84’/T. tauschii (219) appeared to have two dominant genes for resistance. ‘Duergand’T. tauschii (214) possessed two complementary dominant genes for resistance. The work is being extended to involve diverse Karnal bunt-resistant SH and bread wheat cultivars. 相似文献
18.
Wheat-barley addition lines 7H, 2H, 3H, 4H, 6H and 5H having barley chromosomes 1, 2, 3, 4, 6 and 7, respectively, were evaluated for resistance to karnal bunt (Neovossia indica) using syringe inoculation of sporidial suspensions of N. indica under glasshouse conditions. Addition lines 4H and 7H were rated as highly resistant and resistant, respectively, with zero and 3.22 coefficients of infection compared to ‘Chinese Spring’ which had a 23.5 coefficient of infection. All the six addition lines were found to be susceptible to specific virulences of Puccinia recondita tritici and P. striiformis. 相似文献
19.
Summary Hexaploid and octoploid tritordeums and their parents Hordeum chilense and Triticum spp. were screened for resistance to isolates of wheat and barley yellow and brown rusts. All H. chilense lines were highly resistant to both wheat and barley brown rust, few lines were susceptible to wheat yellow rust while susceptibility to barley yellow rust was common. In general the resistance of tritordeum is predominantly contributed by the wheat parent and apparently the genes for resistance in H. chilense are inhibited in their expression by the presence of the wheat genome.Abbreviations WYR
wheat yellow rust
- WBR
wheat brown rust
- BYR
barley yellow rust
- BBR
barley brown rust 相似文献
20.
In order to determine the effects of bunt inoculation on frost resistance and winter hardiness in lines containing resistance
genes, the bunt [Tilletia foetida (Wallroth) Liro, T. caries (DC.) Tulasne] susceptibility of wheat lines containing bunt resistance genesBt1 to Bt10 and the effect of the year on the degree of infection were studied over six years from 1991 to 1997 in an artificial inoculation
nursery. Uninoculated and artificially inoculated wheat plants were tested for frost resistance in the phytotron in 1995 and
in the field in boxes in three years from 1994/95 to 1996/97. The line withBt10 was very resistant, lines with Bt5, Bt6, Bt8 and Bt9 were resistant, the line with Bt4 was moderately resistant, those with Bt2 and Bt3 were moderately susceptible, the line with Bt1 was susceptible and the line with Bt7 was very susceptible to the local bunt population in Hungary. Bunt incidence also varied over years. The frost resistance
of the Bt lines was generally lower after bunt inoculation than that of uninoculated plants. The increased frost kill in inoculated
plants was not correlated with the extent of varietal susceptibility to bunt. Some lines with resistance, namely those with
Bt5 (1.6% infection), Bt8 (0.6%) and Bt10 (0.0%), suffered significantly greater frost kill in the young plant stage as the result of bunt inoculation. By contrast,
the Bt7line had excellent frost resistance and winter hardiness but suffered the greatest extent of bunt infection, whereas the Bt6 line had good frost resistance and good bunt resistance.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献