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1.
青藏高原地区典型公路路域水环境特征 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
[目的]阐明青藏高原地区公路路域水环境特征及影响因素,为青藏高速公路建设及水环境保护措施提供理论基础及科学依据。[方法]基于2015年6—7月对共玉公路(青海省共和县至玉树县)和青藏公路(格尔木市至拉萨市)路域水环境测试结果,对青藏高原地区公路路域水环境特征及影响因素进行分析。[结果]经T检验,青藏高原地区公路路域径流污染具有显著性差异,各水质指标存在不同程度的变异性,变异系数(Cv)变化范围为11%~396%,表明不同径流水体污染物因所处位置不同而有所差异;对比了典型路域水环境特征,新建公路(共玉公路)的水环境质量好于运营期公路(青藏公路),高速公路运营后对路域水环境影响明显;对不同径流水体进行了Person检验。结果显示,悬浮物(SS)与其他水质参数之间均表现出不同程度的相关性,说明SS不仅是青藏高原地区路域径流污染的主要污染物,且是其他污染物(重金属和化学需氧量COD)的载体。[结论]路面径流是路域水环境污染的重灾区,对降雨径流进行收集处理及采用新型的路面,布置径流处理措施,将有效地降低路域水环境的影响。 相似文献
2.
A comprehensive multi-media monitoring field investigation, which included: atmospheric, storm-water runoff, road sediment and soil samples, was carried out at two highway sites in Vancouver, Canada, focused on Cu, Fe, Pb, Mn, and Zn, due to their prevalence in most highway environments, both locally and worldwide. Metal potential bioavailability was evaluated through sequential extraction in the case of particulates and via exchange with a chelating resin for highway runoff. Road sediment showed in most cases a close resemblance with runoff and atmospheric metal concentrations (Fe > Zn > Mn > Cu > Pb), suggesting that road sediment is a useful indicator of current metal loadings and a key factor influencing the quality of urban watersheds. Metals showed increasing bioavailability with decreasing particle size in all samples. Thus, bioavailability was low in roaddust and roadside soils, intermediate in dustfall, and highest in atmospheric suspended particulates and runoff. Speciation analyses in different environmental media suggested that Zn is a metal of future potential concern. Zinc was second in concentration to Fe in most dust, air and water samples, and exhibited the highest mobility and potential bioavailability. 相似文献
3.
Highway runoff contains pollutants in concentrations that can harm ecosystems of receiving freshwaters. To suggest control measures the hydrological conditions for pollutant transport from road edge to receiving water, and the associated retention mechanisms must be identified. Often, the transfer of highway runoff to receiving water bodies is accomplished by means of roadside swales equipped with gullies and underdrains. It is well documented that infiltration into the swale constitutes the primary runoff removal mechanism, while surface flow across and along the swale is mainly restricted to heavy storm episodes. Dye tracing at four Danish highways was used to describe the hydrological conditions for leaching of highway runoff pollutants through highway swales. At all sites the surface layer of the exposed swale profiles consists of a homogeneous sandy material deposited after construction of the highway, reaching a thickness correlated with, among other things, the road age. The dye solution infiltrated these deposition layers uniformly, replacing all antecedent soil water. The below-swale soil profiles were percolated through more preferential pathways, but contrary to the expectation no earthworm burrows or other biopores played a part. At two sites the preferential flow patterns resembled macroporous flow through physical voids in heterogeneous construction materials (stony loam) and at borders between construction materials with different texture (gravel, clayey till, fine and coarse sand). At the other two sites, which were built almost exclusively from homogeneous sand, the flow patterns resembled fingered flow initiated around thin, deep-running roots from the surface vegetation. The contaminant transport consequences of these flow patterns are discussed. 相似文献
4.
黄土丘陵区不同下垫面降雨产流与蓄水窖工艺技术 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
在山西洪洞建立了农膜、公路、农田小路、农田下垫面产流场，对不同下垫面的降雨产流量及蓄水窖主要工艺技术体系进行了研究。结果表明：在观测的27次降雨中，在同一坡度、同一降雨量条件下，不同下垫面的产流量存在较大差异。农膜、公路、农田小路和农田下垫面的产流量分别占总降雨量的81.4％、73.6％、41.6％、2.7%。表明前三者均有较好的集水效果，而农田产流效果较差。研究提出的蓄水窖主要工艺技术体系经大面积示范收到了较好的效果。 相似文献
5.
《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2012,43(17-18):2303-2314
Abstract Soil profiles near watercourses that drain rural areas with agricultural lands and pastures, as well as recreational zones and densely populated industrial centers, are directly influenced by human activities. Therefore, these soils condition the contamination dynamics of the aforementioned watercourses in a remarkable way. The present study deals with soils belonging to a first order subbasin. Pedons representative of positive areas located in slopes (B) and of alkaline sites close to the alluvial plane (T) were selected as study sites. In both cases, the land is used for extensive farming. Composite samples of the upper 5 cm of both soil types were treated either with vermicompost or phosphate fertilizer to study the effect of the addition of these elements on the runoff dynamics of heavy metals. Experiments using a rainfall simulator that formed drops on runoff microplots containing soil samples were carried out under laboratory conditions. The runoff obtained was analyzed for lead (Pb), zinc (Zn), cadmium (Cd), and nickel (Ni), both dissolved and particulate, following the Community Bureau of Reference (BCR) adaptation of the sequential extraction procedure. From these results, it was concluded that the use of high amounts of organic amendment produced important effects on the surface condition of the soils that determine a highly significant reduction in the delivery of suspended solids to watercourses. Amendments, however, may release heavy metals that flow through runoff avenues either as particulate or dissolved forms. Most of the heavy metal concentration is represented by the sediments produced by the runoff and not by the concentration of dissolved elements in runoff waters. 相似文献
6.
Rosenberry D. O. Bukaveckas P. A. Buso D. C. Likens G. E. Shapiro A. M. Winter T. C. 《Water, air, and soil pollution》1999,109(1-4):179-206
Runoff of road salt from an interstate highway in New Hampshire has led to contamination of a lake and a stream that flows into the lake, in spite of the construction of a diversion berm to divert road salt runoff out of the lake drainage basin. Chloride concentration in the stream has increased by over an order of magnitude during the 23 yr since the highway was opened, and chloride concentration in the lake has tripled. Road salt moves to the lake primarily via the contaminated stream, which provides 53% of all the chloride to the lake and only 3% of the total streamflow to the lake. The stream receives discharge of salty water from leakage through the diversion berm. Uncontaminated ground water dilutes the stream downstream of the berm. However, reversals of gradient during summer months, likely caused by transpiration from deciduous trees, result in flow of contaminated stream water into the adjacent ground water along the lowest 40-m reach of the stream. This contaminated ground water then discharges into the lake along a 70-m-wide segment of lake shore. Road salt is pervasive in the bedrock between the highway and the lake, but was not detected at all of the wells in the glacial overburden. Of the 500 m of shoreline that could receive discharge of saly ground water directly from the highway, only a 50-m-long segment appears to be contaminated. 相似文献
7.
Izumi Noguchi Takunori Katoh Shigekatsu Sakai Riki Iwata Masayuki Akiyama Hideyuki Ohtsuka Kouichi Sakata Hirohide Aga Yutaka Matsumoto 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2001,130(1-4):421-426
Snowcover surveys were carried out in Hokkaido, northern Japan. Snowpack samples were collected using a steel pipe at 80 sites in 1988, 69 sites in 1992, and 66 sites in 1996 and 2000 during the time when the water equivalents of the snowcover are the greatest. Spatial distribution maps of water equivalents and of the concentrations and the accumulated amounts of hydrogen, non-sea-salt sulfate and non-sea-salt calcium ion of the snowcover drawn by Kriging method are discussed. The distribution maps show that water equivalents and the accumulated amounts of hydrogen and non-sea-salt sulfate in all the sample years were largest in the Japan Sea region, as were the ion concentrations of hydrogen and non-sea-salt sulfate. It was estimated this was caused by air pollutants transported from a great distance. The ratio of areas below pH 5.0 increased temporally from 1988 (20%) to 1992, 1996 and 2000 (66–80%). This trend was estimated to be affected by a decline of non-sea-salt calcium concentrations derived from alkaline road dust. In addition, the effect of snowcover components was assessed by comparison between the acid loads of the snowcover and the acid neutralizing capacity of lake water. We found that lakes in the middle of the Japan Sea coast have the potential to be acidified by snowmelt. 相似文献
8.
Roberta Bettinetti Silvana Galassi Silvia Quadroni Pietro Volta Fabrizio Capoccioni Eleonora Ciccotti Giulio A. De Leo 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2011,217(1-4):321-331
One of the aims of the Water Framework Directive 2000/60/CE is to assess the ecological status of water bodies in Europe in relation to priority contaminants, including some persistent organic pollutants (POPs). Recognizing the benefits of measuring hydrophobic compounds in biota tissues rather than in water, we used the European eel Anguilla anguilla in the present study as a bioindicator species for monitoring POPs in freshwater/brackish environments. We present the results of a contamination analysis of eels carried out in three Italian sites representative of different pollution levels: the last part of Tevere River, which flows through a very urbanized and industrialized area, Caprolace Lake and Lesina Lagoon, inside two different protected national parks. A very high pollution variability was recorded within each group of eels, in particular for those caught at Caprolace Lake. Due to this high variability, inter-population comparisons were carried out only between eels collected in Tevere River and Lesina Lagoon. PCBs values in Lesina Lagoon were two orders of magnitude lower than those measured in Tevere River, while no significant differences were found for levels of DDT compounds. Our results confirm the suitability of the eel as an indicator of persistent bioaccumulative pollutants in brackish environments and rivers where it can be easily caught, but we are sceptical of its use in deep lakes where its capture might be problematic considering standard operation procedures for fish sampling. 相似文献
9.
Humberto F. Preciado Loretta Y. Li Dominique Weis 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2007,184(1-4):127-139
A multi-media monitoring field investigation, which included atmospheric, road sediment and soil samples, was carried out at two highway study sites to identify past and present Pb sources. Past Pb anthropogenic sources such as paint and leaded gasoline were linked to significant Pb accumulation in roadside soils at both sites through Pb isotopic analyses. This was achieved by identifying the distinct Pb isotopic composition in older versus newer Pb accumulation at different depths across the soil profile. Older Pb accumulations exhibited lower 206Pb/207Pb isotopic ratios, consistent with Canadian Pb-bearing ores, whereas newer Pb accumulations reflected a mixture of the 206Pb/207Pb ratios of road sediment samples, with the Pb isotopic signature of uncontaminated soil. Isotopic analyses were also helpful in identifying road sediment as an important current source of Pb in roadside soils, by comparing the isotopic signatures derived from road sediment and atmospheric dustfall. The known association of Pb with anthropogenic sources was used to indirectly relate other metals (Cu, Mn, Zn) to the same source by the Enrichment Ratio method. Significant positive correlations at the 90–95% confidence level were found between Cu, Zn and Pb Enrichment Ratios in roadside and dust deposition samples. Weaker correlations were found between Mn and Pb, at the highway study site with the least amount of traffic. However, correlations between these two metals were significant at the 90% confidence level for the busier highway site highlighting Mn potential anthropogenic source. An isotopic tracer study is suggested to further investigate the process of Mn redistribution in the environment due to exhaust fuel emissions. More research is needed regarding the potential impact from using a Mn-based fuel additive. 相似文献
10.
公路旁土壤中水分和重金属的迁移 总被引：14，自引：0，他引：14
Roads with very high traffic loads in regions where soils are low in both pH and sorption capacity might be a source of percolation water loaded with heavy metals. Looking at some ＂worst case＂ scenarios, this study focused on the input of traffic related pollutants and on Pb, Cd, Cu, Zn, Ni and Cr concentrations in the soil matrix and soil solution, respectively. The analysis also included pH and electrical conductivity and at some sites DOC. The investigations were carried out on sandy soils with more or less low pH values at four motorway sites in Germany. The average of daily traffic was about 50 000 up to 90 000 vehicles. Soil pore water was collected in two soil depths and at four distances from the road. The pH in general decreased with increasing distance from the roadside. The elevated pH near the roadside was presumably caused by deposition of dust and weathering residues of the road asphalt, as well as by infiltration of salt that was used during winter time. At these road sites, increased heavy metal concentrations in the soil matrix as well as in the soil solution were found. However, the concentrations seldom exceeded reference values of the German Soil Protection Act. The soil solution concentrations tended to increase from the road edge to 10 m distance, whereas the concentration in the soil matrix decreased. Elevated DOC concentrations corresponded with elevated Cu concentrations but did not substantially change this tendency. High soil water percolation rates were found near the roads. Thus, even low metal concentrations of percolation water could yield high metal loads in a narrow area beside the road. 相似文献
11.
雨水径流对受纳水体的污染特性研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以前湖校区为研究对象,以润溪湖为受纳水体,通过对路面雨水径流及湖水在雨前、雨中、雨后的水样进行pH、浊度、SS,COD,TP和氨氮指标测试,探究各项污染物浓度在三个阶段的变化规律,对水体水质作了综合评价,进行受纳水体污染物浓度增加值与雨水径流水质相关性分析。结果表明:雨水径流的汇入,使受纳水体的pH有所降低、其余5项指标浓度均有所增加,水质类别从Ⅳ类水增加到Ⅴ类水,相关性分析结果显著,说明雨水径流的汇入是造成水体污染物增加的主要原因,显著性相关回归方程可用于推算该区域内受纳水体污染物的增加量,预测水体污染程度。并提出了相应的建议,为解决由城市雨水径流所引起的非点源污染问题提供理论参考依据。 相似文献
12.
The removal and fate of runoff-derived heavy metals in a 1-yr old detention pond system were investigated during climatic conditions typical of the U.S. maritime Northwest. The catchment was a medium-sized, suburban parking lot near Portland, Oregon. Water samples from runoff, the detention pond system, and pond effluent were collected and analyzed for dissolved and particulate Cu. Copper was the dominant toxic metal for the study site, while analysis of selected samples for Pb and Cd showed these metals to be minor pollutants. Total Cu in runoff varied among different storm events over a wide range of concentrations (< 2 to 33 µg L?1), while total Cu levels in pond effluent remained within a fairly narrow range (5 to 12 µg L?1), Sediment samples collected from the detention pond system were analyzed for Cu in two size fractions (< 63 µm and < 125 µm). Copper was found to be deposited in the pond sediments in a small but highly concentrated plume (up to 130 mg kg?1), extending axially from the runoff inlet pipe. Overall, results from this study showed that low-cost, small-scale detention ponds can be a useful management practice for runoff from parking lot areas and can be of value in preserving the integrity of receiving waters. 相似文献
13.
为了研究弱透水性下垫面降雨径流污染物的输移特性,选择兰州市作为典型城市,基于其降雨分布特点和面源污染特点提出了弱透水性下垫面径流污染物输移模型。通过对大学校园内屋面、路面及其他弱透水性下垫面组合形式下的天然降雨径流取样检测,分析了浊度,CODcr,TN和TP等主要污染物浓度随时间的变化规律及污染物相关性研究,同时运用模型计算径流污染物初期负荷率。结果表明:校园弱透水性下垫面,降雨径流历时10～20 min各污染物浓度达到峰值。径流历时30 min内,降雨径流浊度,CODcr,TN和TP的污染物负荷率可达到65%～85%。在中小降雨条件下,降雨径流过程中各污染物显著相关,径流污染物输移模型的适用性较好。 相似文献
14.
[目的]分析植草沟对北京城市道路径流的水量和水质的调控效应,为北京市雨洪管理提供参考。[方法]实地建立植草沟,并根据北京市多年降雨资料和主干道路径流水质2010—2012年的监测结果设置径流水量和水质。[结果](1)降雨历时短,降雨强度低时植草沟的调控水量的功能明显。在降雨历时为3h,降雨重现期为0.33a时,50m2的植草沟可削减50m2沥青道路上产生的66%的径流量,降雨强度相对降雨历时来说对植草沟传输入渗的影响更大。(2)植草沟对水质污染物有一定的去除效果,但达不到完全净化。建设的植草沟能够削减径流中的氨氮达20%,总磷达35%,COD达22%。(3)植被覆盖度能影响植草沟的调控能力。植被覆盖度增加60%,植草沟对0.33年重现期降雨1h的雨量入渗率提高了8%。(4)若建立与北京市城六区道路等长度、宽2m的植草沟,对1a,2a重现期24h降雨形成的道路径流削减率分别为96.3%和56.0%,但对50a极端降雨道路径流量的削减率仅为13.0%。[结论]植草沟对北京市道路地表径流具有一定的调蓄洪峰流量,延缓产流时间,减少径流污染的作用,但无法单独作为有效控制城市道路地表径流水量的管理措施。 相似文献
15.
The soils and waters in the Galloway hills of south-west Scotland have undergone considerable acidification during the present century. The aims of this study were to examine the extent to which afforestation can influence water chemistry, and the occurrence of fish stocks within an individual catchment in this area. Studies were carried out at 45 sites in the Bladnoch catchment during 1994. River water samples were collected at all sites and determinations made of pH, total organic carbon, calcium and monomeric aluminium concentrations. In order to quantify the size and abundance of fish populations, electrofishing was carried out at 21 of the sites. Estimates of afforestation were made by a combination of field surveys and the use of 1∶:10 000 scale ordnance survey maps. The presence of coniferous trees had a substantial affect on water chemistry. In areas where the whole catchment was afforested, the water pH was 0.7 units lower than in unafforested areas (p<0.001). Afforestation was also correlated with low concentrations of calcium, and increases in the concentrations of monomeric aluminium and total organic carbon. There was a clear relationship between fish populations and water chemistry. Numbers of trout were positively correlated with pH (r 2=0.69; p<0.001), and with concentrations of calcium (r 2=0.55; p<0.001). The study has shown that salmonid fish populations are sensitive to acidity and the associated changes in river water chemistry; these problems were exacerbated by afforestation. 相似文献
16.
[目的] 探讨植被自然恢复下植被类型对煤矸石堆场Fe,Mn淋溶迁移的影响及其作用效果,为煤矿区煤矸石堆场的生态环境治理及生态修复提供科学依据。[方法] 通过对贵州省中部废弃煤矿区不同植被条件下煤矸石堆场地表径流进行采样分析,同时通过移植煤矸石堆场上生长的马尾松、光皮桦和类芦进行盆栽试验以及采集基质渗透水样品。[结果] 马尾松、光皮桦及类芦生长的煤矸石基质渗透水和煤矸石堆场地表径流水中Fe,Mn含量均显著地低于无植物生长的煤矸石,煤矸石堆场植被自然恢复后地表径流水中Fe,Mn含量下降率分别达45.27%~85.60%,60.17%~90.13%,植被作用效果的大小顺序为：马尾松幼林 > 阔叶树幼林 > 类芦草丛。同时,马尾松幼林、阔叶树幼林、类芦草丛煤矸石堆场地表径流水中泥沙含量分别比无植被裸露的煤矸石堆场平均减少了40.18%,30.67%,27.91%。煤矸石中矿物颗粒态Fe,Mn的迁移量也出现明显的降低。[结论] 植被自然恢复能显著地减少煤矸石堆场Fe,Mn向水体的迁移及改善废弃煤矿区地表水环境质量。植物生长,特别是马尾松生长对减少煤矸石中Fe向水体迁移产生的环境效应大于Mn。 相似文献
17.
Sediments from 18 different road runoff detention systems, located on the Swedish West Coast, were assessed for their ecological hazard potential. Thirteen of the sites were detention ponds, three were manholes within the same sedimentation construction, and two were detention basins handling wash water from road tunnels. Sediments from all sites were analysed for a range of physico-chemical parameters and contaminants, and screened for acute toxicity using Hyalella azteca (sediment), Daphnia magna (elutriate), and Ceriodaphnia dubia (elutriate) as the test organisms, and for chronic toxicity using C. dubia as the test organism. The benthic fauna of the thirteen detention ponds was also studied. Sediment quality guidelines probable effect levels were exceeded for one or several contaminants at half of the sites, and one third revealed toxicity in some of the bioassays. Most of the detention ponds were dominated by tolerant taxa indicating low biological quality. Relationships between contaminant concentrations, toxicity in bioassays, and benthic fauna were, however, found to be weak. Extractable organic Zn, which was used as a tire wear marker, correlated with Zn, Cu, presumably from brake linings, and W, a common component of tire studs. The highest concentration, which was found in the manholes (14 mg kg?1 ds), corresponds to a tire wear concentration of 11 g kg?1 ds. The results of the present study have shown that traffic related contaminants accumulate in the studied runoff treatment systems, and, therefore, the maintenance of them is crucial in order to prevent contamination of surrounding waters. 相似文献
18.
E. Fattore E. Benfenati G. Mariani E. Cools G. Vezzoli R. Fanelli 《Water, air, and soil pollution》1997,99(1-4):237-244
Surface sediment samples were collected at six locations of the Lagoon of Venice reflecting potential different contamination sources and representative of different hydrological situations. Analysis of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/PCDFs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), linear alkylbenzenes (LABS) and coprostanol have been carried out by gas chromatographymass spectrometry (GC-MS) to assess the influence of various pollution sources: urban, industrial and combustion processes. PAHs, PCBs, coprostanol, and LABS showed the highest levels in the sample collected within the city of Venice (Canal Grande) indicating a very heavy contamination due to combustion sources and to the domestic waste waters directly entering the canals of the city. The highest levels of PCDD/PCDFs were found in samples collected near the industrial area of Porto Marghera. The investigation on the PCDD/PCDFs homologue profiles suggested the presence of two different sources for these pollutants, one due to combustion processes and another one due to the chemical processes of Porto Marghera. 相似文献
19.
M. T. Moore C. M. Cooper S. Smith Jr. R. F. Cullum S. S. Knight M. A. Locke E. R. Bennett 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2007,184(1-4):313-321
In intensively cultivated areas, agriculture is a significant source of pesticides associated with storm runoff. When these pollutants enter aquatic receiving waters, they have potential to damage nearby aquatic ecosystems. Constructed wetlands are a best management practice (BMP) designed to help alleviate this potential problem. A constructed wetland system (180?×?30 m) comprised of a sediment retention basin and two treatment cells was used to determine fate and transport of a simulated storm runoff event containing the insecticide diazinon and suspended sediment. Wetland water, sediment, and plant samples were collected spatially and temporally over 55 d. Results indicated that 43% of the study’s measured diazinon mass was associated with plant material, while 23 and 34% were measured in sediment and water, respectively. Mean diazinon concentrations in water, sediment, and plants for the 55-d study were 18.1?±?4.5 μg/l, 26.0?±?8.0 μg/kg, and 97.8?±?10.7 μg/kg, respectively. Aqueous concentrations fluctuated in the wetlands between 51–86 μg/l for the first 4 h of the experiment; however, by 9 h, aqueous concentrations were approximately 16 μg/l. During the 55 d experiment, 0.3 m of rainfall contributed to fluctuations in diazinon concentrations. Results of this experiment can be used to model future design specifications for mitigation of diazinon and other pesticides. 相似文献
20.
The performance of a commercially available microtiter plate ELISA kit for the determination of diazinon was evaluated for sensitivity, selectivity, intra-assay repeatability, accuracy, and matrix effects in fortified distilled water and filtered and unfiltered environmental surface water samples. Repeatability and reproducibility studies show that the kit satisfies current EPA criteria for the assessment of analytical methods. Mean recoveries from spiked samples averaged 80.3, 95.5, and 103.5% from distilled, unfiltered surface, and filtered surface waters, respectively. The experimentally determined method detection limit (MDL) for the commercial diazinon microtiter plate format (0.0159 microg L(-)(1)) was comparable to the least detectable dose (LDD) established by the manufacturer (0.022 microg L(-)(1)). Specificity studies indicate that the diazinon polyclonal antibody can readily distinguish the target compound from other structurally similar organophosphorus analogues, with the exception of diazoxon. Cross-reactivity with the oxon was approximately 29%, while reactivity with pirimiphos-methyl, pirimiphos-ethyl, and chlorpyrifos-ethyl was negligible. A slight matrix effect was discovered to be present in both filtered and unfiltered environmental water matrixes, but its effect on the immunoassays is insignificant within experimental error. For validation of the microtiter plate ELISA format, environmental surface and storm runoff water samples were collected, split, and analyzed directly by ELISA and by liquid-liquid extraction followed by GC (California State Department of Food and Agriculture method EM 46.0). Results of the two analytical methods were then compared statistically. A close correlation was found between methods for unspiked and untreated river water samples (r = 0.969) while a much less robust correlation was obtained for runoff waters (r = 0.728). Results from runoff waters exhibit a particularly high positive bias for the ELISA method relative to the GC method. Cross-reactivity of diazoxon and probably other unidentified cross-reacting components may be responsible for the exaggerated account of the target analyte in surface and runoff waters. While excellent for screening purposes, further study is required to elucidate and quantify the factors responsible for the consistent overestimation of ELISA results before the kit can be employed routinely for regulatory compliance monitoring. 相似文献