共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
Flooding is one of the most hazardous natural disasters and a major stress constraint to rice production throughout the world,which results in huge economic loss.Approximately one-fourth of the global rice crops(approximately 40 million hectares)are grown in rainfed lowland plots that are prone to seasonal flooding.A great progress has been made during last two decades in our understanding of the mechanisms involved in adaptation and tolerance to flooding/submergence in rice.In this review,we summarized the physiological and molecular mechanisms that contribute to tolerance of flooding/submergence in rice.We also covered various features of flooding stress with special reference to rice plants,viz.different types of flooding stress,environmental characterisation of flood water,impact of flooding stress on rice plant and their morphological,physiological and metabolic responses under flooding.A brief discussion on the tolerance mechanism in rice exhibited to different types of flooding will be focused for the future crop improvement programme for development of flooding tolerant rice variety. 相似文献
2.
Drought stress is a serious limiting factor to rice production,which results in huge economic losses.It is becoming a more serious issue with respect to the global climate change.Keeping in view of the current and forecasted global food demand,it has become essential to enhance the crop productivity on the drought-prone rainfed lands with priority.In order to achieve the production target from rainfed areas,there is a requirement of rice varieties with drought tolerance,and genetic improvement for drought tolerant should be a high priority theme of research in the future.Breeding for drought tolerant rice varieties is a thought-provoking task because of the complex nature and multigenic control of drought tolerant traits would be a major bottleneck for the current research.A great progress has been made during last two decades in our understanding of the mechanisms involved in adaptation and tolerance to drought stress in rice.In this review,we highlighted the recent progresses in physiological,biochemical and molecular adaptation of rice to drought tolerance.A brief discussion on the molecular genetics and breeding approaches for drought tolerance in rice will be focused for the future crop improvement program for development of drought tolerant rice varieties. 相似文献
3.
不同形态氮素营养和水分条件对苗期水稻生长及渗透调节能力的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为比较不同形态氮素营养下籼稻与粳稻对水分胁迫的响应,采用室内营养液培养,通过供应不同形态氮素及100 g/L PEG6000模拟水分胁迫的方法,对4种不同基因型水稻的生长状况及渗透调节能力进行了分析。结果表明：1）与铵态氮营养相比,水分胁迫明显抑制了硝态氮营养籼稻和粳稻的地上部生长,降低了叶片净光合速率,且对粳稻的抑制效果更加显著;2）水分胁迫条件下,铵态氮营养籼稻和粳稻植株内的游离氨基酸和K+可以更有效地积累、转运和穿梭,以致伤流液和韧皮部汁液拥有更强的渗透调节能力;3）铵态氮营养籼稻和粳稻在通过渗透调节降低叶片渗透势的同时,能够提高或维持叶片含水量。由此可见,铵态氮营养下,籼稻和粳稻均可通过渗透调节促使叶片在渗透势下降和维持含水量之间达到合理的平衡,保证叶片在水分胁迫下维持正常的光合速率,提高了水稻的抗旱能力。 相似文献
4.
杂交稻与常规稻对涝渍环境适应能力的比较研究 总被引：10，自引：2，他引：10
利用形态和产量性状指标,比较分析了杂交稻和常规稻在分蘖期和孕穗期对淹涝胁迫环境适应能力的差异性。在深水涝渍条件下,杂交稻生长发育普遍快于常规稻,单蔸苗数显著高于常规稻,有效穗相对受害率低于常规稻,因而单蔸产量显著高于常规稻。分蘖期遭受淹涝胁迫杂交稻的忍耐力优于常规稻,淹涝后的活苗率显著高于常规稻;而且,受淹涝后的杂交稻比常规稻能更快地恢复生长,成熟时主要农艺性状表现是成穗率极显著高于常规稻,每穗实粒数和结实率的相对受害率极显著低于常规稻,单蔸产量的受害程度低于常规稻。孕穗期淹涝胁迫后,杂交稻和常规稻之间产量及相关经济性状的差异均未达到显著水平。 相似文献
5.
水稻开花期高温胁迫条件下生理生化特性的变化及其与品种耐热性的关系 总被引：28，自引：0，他引：28
以5个杂交水稻组合为材料,研究了开花期人工高温胁迫处理对剑叶部分生理生化特性的影响。结果表明,水稻开花期高温胁迫处理降低了剑叶光合速率、叶绿素含量,增加了可溶性糖、游离脯氨酸、MDA含量及超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)和过氧化物酶(POD)的活性。相关分析表明,开花期高温胁迫处理后叶绿素含量、游离脯氨酸含量、MDA含量和SOD活性的变化幅度与品种的热敏感指数呈显著或极显著相关关系,此4项指标的变化幅度可作为水稻开花期耐热性鉴定的生理指标。耐热性强的水稻品种,在开花期高温胁迫处理后剑叶叶绿素含量下降幅度小,游离脯氨酸含量和SOD活性增加幅度大,MDA含量增加小。建立了热敏感指数与MDA含量、游离脯氨酸含量和SOD活性变化幅度的逐步回归方程,可用于对水稻开花期的耐热性进行定量分析。 相似文献
6.
水分胁迫对节水抗旱稻产量形成和根系形态生理特性的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
目的 探究节水抗旱稻组合旱优73在不同灌溉条件下产量形成特点及其根系形态生理的变化情况。方法 以节水抗旱稻旱优73和高产水稻H优518为材料,通过根管试验设置三种水分处理(常规灌溉、轻度水分胁迫、重度水分胁迫),调查株高、分蘖、根系形态特征和生理特性以及产量构成因素,分析性状之间的关系,探究不同程度水分胁迫对旱优73和H优518产量形成和根系形态生理的影响及其差异。结果 两年的重复试验结果表明,与常规灌溉相比,在轻度水分胁迫下,旱优73的产量及其构成因素无显著变化,H优518的产量在两年内平均减少了25.6%,每穗粒数、结实率、千粒重也显著降低;在重度水分胁迫下,两品种产量及其构成因素均显著降低,其中,旱优73的产量两年内平均减少了28.8%,H优518产量减少了46.1%。与常 相似文献
7.
8.
NaCl胁迫对不同耐盐性水稻某些生理特性和光合特性的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
选取较耐盐的水稻品种‘HH11’、‘JX99’和盐敏感水稻品种‘YSXD’,设置6个土壤NaCl浓度处理(0、1、2、3、4 g/kg),在防雨棚下盆栽并培育至孕穗期,分析NaCl胁迫对不同耐盐性水稻生理生化及光合特性的影响,结果表明:(1)NaCl胁迫抑制水稻的生长,表现为随着NaCl浓度增加,水稻的株高逐渐降低,但在3～4 g/kg土壤含盐量下耐盐水稻的株高显著高于盐敏感水稻品种。(2)耐盐水稻和盐敏感水稻的可溶性总糖对NaCl胁迫的响应差异明显,在1～4 g/kg NaCl胁迫下,盐敏感水稻叶片可溶性总糖显著降低,但是耐盐水稻可溶性总糖大量合成并积累,并且显著高于盐敏感品种。(3)NaCl浓度增加迫使水稻叶片丙二醛不断积累,导致细胞膜透性逐渐增大,但是耐盐水稻丙二醛的积累量较少,细胞膜受盐害程度显著小于盐敏感水稻。(4)NaCl胁迫抑制了水稻光合速率,但不同的NaCl浓度下导致水稻品种光合速率下降的原因各有差异,其中在0～1 g/kg NaCl胁迫下盐敏感水稻光合速率降低是非气孔因素导致的,而在2～4 g/kg NaCl胁迫下是由气孔因素造成的;0～2g/kg盐浓度下耐盐水稻HH11的光合速率降低是非气孔因素导致的,3～4 g/kg盐浓度处理是由气孔因素导致的;气孔因素是0～4 g/kg盐处理耐盐水稻JX99的光合速率降低的主要原因。(5)盐胁迫下耐盐水稻的叶片蒸腾速率显著降低,并且显著低于盐敏感水稻,相反水分利用效率和气孔限制值却明显升高,并且显著高于盐敏感水稻品种,表明盐浓度增加迫使耐盐水稻气孔阻力增大,减少水分的流失,抑制了蒸腾速率,使耐盐水稻叶片保持较高的水势;同时提高了叶片水分利用效率,碳同化效率提高,以满足耐盐水稻正常代谢生理需求,进行正常生命活动。 相似文献
9.
OsBTF3过量表达和RNAi转基因水稻抗盐和抗低温胁迫鉴定 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
为评估水稻OsBTF3基因在水稻对非生物逆境胁迫应答中的功能,利用RT Q PCR技术,对经高盐(200 mmol/L NaCl溶液)和低温(4℃)胁迫处理后水稻的OsBTF3基因表达动态进行了测定,并对前期获得的OsBTF3过量表达和RNAi转基因水稻株系进行了抗高盐和抗低温胁迫的鉴定。结果表明,高盐胁迫处理显著抑制了OsBTF3基因的表达,低温胁迫对其表达影响有一定的变化;转基因T2代过量表达株系对高盐和低温胁迫抗性显著增强,而RNAi转基因株系抗性减弱,说明OsBTF3可能在水稻对高盐和低温胁迫反应中起着重要的调控作用。 相似文献
10.
Chao Wu Kehui Cui Qiuqian Hu Wencheng Wang Lixiao Nie Jianliang Huang Shaobing Peng 《作物学报(英文版)》2019,(3):335-349
With global warming, rice plants may be subjected to heat stress more regularly during the heatsensitive flowering stage, causing spikelet sterility and grain yield loss.Stigma exsertion is considered to increase pollen reception and promote female reproductive success.The aim of this study was to investigate the role of stigma exsertion on spikelet fertility at high temperatures.Five rice cultivars(Liangyoupeijiu, Shanyou 63, Huanghuazhan, Nagina 22, and IR64) with differing degrees of stigma exsertion were cultivated and exposed to high temperature at anthesis.Heat-tolerant cultivars did not always show a high percentage of spikelets with exserted stigmas, and vice versa.Irrespective of the presence of more pollen grains on exserted stigmas, spikelets with exserted stigmas did not show greater spikelet fertility than spikelets with fewer exserted stigmas or hidden stigmas under heat stress.GA3 application augmented the percentage of spikelets with exserted stigmas;however, it did not increase spikelet fertility under heat stress.Spikelet fertility of whole panicles was negatively correlated with the percentage of spikelets with exserted stigmas, but positively with that with hidden stigmas.Viability of the hidden stigmas was less reduced than that of exserted stigmas under heat stress, suggesting that hidden stigmas have an advantage in maintaining viability.Heat stress delayed anther dehiscence and reduced the viabilities of both exserted stigmas and pollens, thereby causing low spikelet fertility.Together, these results suggest that high spikelet fertility does not depend on stigma exsertion and that enclosed stigma generally contributes to higher spikelet fertility and heat tolerance under high-temperature conditions during flowering in rice. 相似文献
11.
研究干旱胁迫下一氧化氮(Nitric oxide,NO)对水稻叶片光合速率、相对含水量及抗氧化系统的影响,旨在揭示NO增强水稻耐旱性的作用机制。以常规粳稻日本晴为材料,在土培条件下于水稻分蘖盛期叶面喷施硝普钠(SNP,NO缓释剂)和/或cPTIO(NO清除剂)后进行干旱处理,6d后,取样并分析叶片各生理指标。结果表明,与清水对照相比,干旱胁迫下,喷施100μmol/L SNP可显著增强水稻耐旱性,叶片表现出较高的相对含水量和光合速率,较低的丙二醛和过氧化氢含量。相反,100μmol/L cPTIO处理的水稻叶片光合速率明显低于对照,相对含水量略低于对照,而丙二醛和过氧化氢含量显著高于清水对照。进一步研究表明,干旱胁迫下喷施外源SNP的叶片具有较高的超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性,较低的抗坏血酸(AsA)含量和总谷胱甘肽(GSH+GSSH)含量。此外,外源喷施SNP对水稻叶片过氧化物酶(POD)和抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(APX)活性影响不大,各处理间差异不显著。总之,以100μmol/L SNP作为NO缓释剂处理的水稻干旱损伤较轻,干旱胁迫下叶片具有较高的SOD及CAT活性,这可能是NO增强水稻耐旱性的主要原因。 相似文献
12.
Climate change has been an increasingly significant factor behind fluctuations in the yield and quality of rice (Oryza sativa L.), particularly regarding chalky (white-back, basal-white, and milky-white) grain, immature thin grain, and cracked grain. The development and use of heat-tolerant varieties is an effective way to reduce each type of grain damage based on the existence of each varietal difference. Cultivation methods that increase the available assimilate supply per grain, such as deep-flood irrigation, are effective for diminishing the occurrence of milky-white grains under high temperature and low solar radiation conditions. The application of sufficient nitrogen during the reproductive stage is important to reduce the occurrence of most heat damage with the exception of milky-white grain. In regard to developing measures for heat-induced poor palatability of cooked rice, a sensory parameter, the hardness/adhesion ratio may be useful as an indicator of palatability within a relatively wide air–temperature range during ripening. Methods for heat damage to rice can be classified as either avoidance or tolerance measures. The timing of the measures is further divided into preventive and prompt types. The use of heat-tolerant varieties and late transplanting are preventive measures, whereas the application of sufficient nitrogen as a top dressing and irrigation techniques during the reproductive stage are prompt types which may function to lower the canopy temperature by enhancing evapotranspiration. Trials combining the different types of techniques will contribute towards obtaining more efficient and steady countermeasures against heat damage under conditions of climate change. 相似文献
13.
M. Iqbal R. Khan Sarika Kumari Faroza Nazir Risheek Rahul Khanna Ravi Gupta Himanshu Chhillar 《水稻科学》2023,30(1):15-35
Consistent climatic perturbations have increased global environmental concerns, especially the impacts of abiotic stresses on crop productivity. Rice is a staple food crop for the majority of the world’s population. Abiotic stresses, including salt, drought, heat, cold and heavy metals, are potential inhibitors of rice growth and yield. Abiotic stresses elicit various acclimation responses that facilitate in stress mitigation. Plant hormones play an important role in mediating the growth and development of rice plants under optimal and stressful environments by activating a multitude of signalling cascades to elicit the rice plant’s adaptive responses. The current review describes the role of plant hormone-mediated abiotic stress tolerance in rice, potential crosstalk between plant hormones involved in rice abiotic stress tolerance and significant advancements in biotechnological initiatives including genetic engineering approach to provide a step forward in making rice resistance to abiotic stress. 相似文献
14.
选取耐盐性较强的水稻株系‘Fl478’、‘JX99’、‘Pokkali’和盐敏感型品种‘IR29’,设置 6 个 NaCl 浓度梯度处理, 分别为 0、0.1%、0.2%、0.3%、0.4%、0.5%,采用桶栽土培的方法培育至孕穗期,研究盐胁迫对孕穗期水稻植株不同 器官 Na+ 、K+ 分配规律与积累的影响。结果表明：（1）盐胁迫下水稻株系不同器官 Na+ ,K+ 的积累效应存在差异,水稻 株系耐盐性的差异主要表现在根系,而叶鞘对 Na+ 、K+ 的吸收与分配的差异明显。（2）耐盐植株根系聚 Na+ 能力较强, 叶片、叶鞘积累较多的 K+ ,而感盐品种根系积累 K+ 和 Na+ 以缓解根系渗透胁迫,调节根系 Na+ /K+ 平衡稳态,保持水稻 正常的代谢活动。（3）叶鞘是水稻植株关键的 Na+ -K+ 调库,通过吸收和分配 Na+ 来调节根、叶、叶鞘 Na+ /K+ 平衡以提 高水稻耐盐性。（4）耐盐株系叶鞘向叶片选择运输 K+ 的能力、限 Na+ 运输能力强于盐敏感品种,叶鞘对 Na+ 、K+ 吸收 与分配运输能力的大小,决定水稻株系的耐盐性,具体表现耐盐品种叶鞘向吸收与运输 K+ 能力较强、根系限 Na+ 能力 显著高于感盐植株。（5）0.4%~0.5%盐浓度限制水稻叶鞘 Na+ -K+ 库吸收与分配能力,各组织中 Na+ /K+ 失衡,植株耐盐 性降低,受盐害程度加深。（6）盐胁迫促进水稻株系叶鞘向根系吸收较多 Na+ 和向叶片、根系输出 K+ ,却限制 Na+ 对 叶片的分配,保证根系保持较高的 K+ /Na+ ,耐盐幼嫩叶片积累较多的 K+ 以维持叶片组织保卫细胞渗透平衡,保证水稻 植株获得生活必需的光合原料,而盐敏感植株积累的 K+ 主要用于缓解组织渗透胁迫,以维持正常生命活动。 相似文献
15.
16.
17.
不同淹涝胁迫强度对杂交稻和常规稻农艺性状和生化特性的影响 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
在分蘖期对目前湖南省普遍栽培的16个杂交稻和常规稻品种进行不同淹涝强度处理,测定了淹涝胁迫处理对杂交稻和常规稻的农艺性状、相对电导率、丙二醛和脯氨酸含量的影响。结果表明： 1）叶片相对受害率的高低表明杂交稻的耐淹涝能力明显强于常规稻。2）随着淹涝天数的增加,杂交稻和常规稻的株高都呈现出低 高 低变化规律,杂交稻出现最高株高的天数在处理4 d后,常规稻在处理2 d后。 3）随着淹涝天数的增加,杂交稻和常规稻的始穗期推迟的天数都增加,杂交稻始穗期推迟的天数幅度小于常规稻。 4）随着淹涝天数的增加,有效穗、实粒数、千粒重、单株产量都降低,杂交稻下降的幅度小于常规稻。 5）随着淹涝天数的增加,杂交稻相对电导率上升的幅度小于常规稻;在杂交稻中,丙二醛含量逐步上升,常规稻表现为先升高后急剧降低的变化趋势;杂交稻脯氨酸含量上升的趋势大于常规稻。 杂交稻耐淹涝胁迫的能力强于常规稻。 相似文献
18.
盐胁迫对水稻发芽和出苗的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
对123个不同水稻品种分别在纯水、100 mmol/L NaCl和150mmol/LNaCl水溶液中的萌发情况进行试验,研究盐对发芽率和出苗率的影响,以及不同品种对盐胁迫的不同反应,结果表明:水稻各品种在处理2、处理3的条件下的萌发都比处理1要晚,处理1、2、3的发芽率分别为94.24%、95.08%、85.91%,出苗率分别为90.21%、95.08%、0;盐胁迫对不同品种的发芽率和出苗率影响程度不同,品种之间的基因型差异是耐盐水稻筛选的基础。 相似文献
19.
【目的】为了探究低温冷害胁迫后水分/湿度对水稻幼苗根系活力和水分运输等的影响,【方法】以具有低温耐性差异的嘉籼7号和辐8329两个水稻品种为研究材料进行低温胁迫处理后,在进行实验Ⅰ（不同湿度梯度,正常温度培养条件下）和实验Ⅱ（快速回温处理实验,以正常温度恢复为对照）。【结果】实验Ⅰ结果表明,与较低湿度（30%）相比,较高的湿度（60%和90%）可以提高根系活力,有效保证水稻幼苗的存活率并缓解其遭受的低温冷害。水孔蛋白基因OsPIP2;5和OsPIP2;6的表达水平与根系活力密切相关,对水稻的抗寒和低温耐性具有显著的调控作用。实验Ⅱ结果表明,与对照组（CK）相比,快速回温处理后水稻幼苗的含水量和根系活力显著降低;且正常自然恢复状态下,两个水稻品种的存活率明显高于快速回温组幼苗。【结论】低温胁迫显著影响水稻幼苗的生长发育过程。较高的湿度环境有助于缓解幼苗的低温冷害损伤,保证存活率。同时,低温胁迫后的外界环境湿度对水稻幼苗的含水量、根系活力和水孔蛋白相关基因表达有显著影响,其中OsPIP2;5和OsPIP2;6的表达水平与根系活力正相关,在水稻幼苗抵御外界低温冷害过程中起重要作用。因此,与低温胁迫后田间大量灌溉相比,正常温度下土壤缓慢的温度上升对幼苗的根系活力影响较小,有助于其在低温冷害后恢复生命活动。 相似文献