共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 203 毫秒
1.
利用CASA模型（Carnegie-Ames-Stanford Approach）模拟石羊河流域2000—2020年植被净初级生产力（NPP），分析流域NPP的时空变化特征、稳定性和未来变化趋势，并从气候因素、地形因素和人类活动因素3个方面探讨对NPP的变化影响。结果表明：（1）2000—2020年石羊河流域植被NPP多年平均值为291.01 g C·m-2·a-1，呈不显著增加趋势，空间分布呈南高北低的分布格局。（2）2000年以来植被NPP呈增加趋势的区域占总面积的86.4%，其中极显著增加和显著增加的区域分别占6.7%和10.1%。（3）NPP变化在中等波动以上（变异系数Cv≥0.25）的区域所占比例为50.4%。（4）从未来变化趋势看，石羊河流域植被NPP恢复的持续性较弱，呈增加并反持续的地区所占比例达到57.1%。（5）流域的植被NPP变化与气温、降水均成正相关，对气温的响应更为敏感。NPP随海拔高度和坡度增加呈现增大后减小趋势，近年来流域实施的一系列人工造林、退耕还林还草等措施对植被NPP的增加具有明显促进作用。 相似文献
2.
渭干河—库车河三角洲绿洲植物气候生产力变化特征分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
收集位于渭干河-库车河三角洲绿洲区的库车气象站和沙雅气象站1961～2000年的气温和降水实测资料,应用Thamthwaite Memorial模型计算渭于河一库车河三角洲绿洲区近40 a来自然植被净第一性气候生产力,并以回归分析和趋势线分析方法分析了其年际变化特征.结果表明:①近40 a来渭干河-库车河三角洲绿洲区自然植被净第一性气候生产力呈现出明显的增长趋势,其变化倾向率为28.21 g/(m2·10a),在40 a中增加约为112.84 g/m2,近40 a来研究区自然植被净第一性气候生产力的变化趋势为自北向南显著增加.②由于研究区水热条件的不同,自然植被净第一性气候生产力有明显的区域差异,整个研究区近40 a的自然植被净第一性气候生产力平均值为123.35 g/(m2·a),北部库车县137.10 g/(m2·a),南部沙雅县110.16 g/(m2·a),即自然植被净第一性气候生产力的空间分布是北高南低.③研究区自然植被净第一性气候生产力与年降水量的相关性优于自然植被净第一性气候生产力与年均气温之闻的相关性,因为渭干河-库车河三角洲绿洲是个干旱区绿洲,气候干燥,水资源短缺,降水是自然植被净第一性气候生产力的主要限制因子. 相似文献
3.
气候变化对渭河流域自然植被净初级生产力的影响研究(Ⅱ)——渭河流域自然植被净初级生产力的研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
利用渭河流域及其周边地区52个气象站1959～2010年的逐日气象资料,采用周广胜-张新时模型、Penman-Monteith模型、气候倾向率、相关分析和Spline插值等方法,分析了近52年湿润指数的时空变化特征及其对NPP(自然植被净第一性生产力)的影响,并对未来不同的气候变化情景下NPP对气候变化的可能响应进行预估。结果表明:NPP高值区位于秦岭山区、关中部分地区、子午岭、六盘山和华山地区,总体呈下降趋势(P>0.1),仅个别站点微弱上升;NPP与降水、相对湿度和湿润指数成正相关(P<0.001),与潜在蒸散量、日照时数和气温负相关,温度对于NPP累积起到的作用有限,降水是主要制约因素;不同的气候情景对NPP的模拟表明,温度和降水同时上升的情况下NPP增幅15%以上,仅温度升高而降水不变NPP增加10%左右,温度上升而降水下降导致NPP不升反降,仅个别地区出现小幅上升。 相似文献
4.
黄河源地区植被净初级生产力对气候变化的响应 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
基于黄河源区1959—2008年月平均气温、最高气温、最低气温、相对湿度、降水量、风速和日照百分率等气候要素资料,应用修订的Thornthwaite Memorial模型计算了50 a植被净初级生产力(NPP),分析其年际和年代际变化特征及其对气候变化的响应。结果表明:1959—2008年间,研究区年NPP变化呈显著上升趋势,NPP变化曲线线性拟合倾向率在95.502～190.72 kg/(hm2.10a)之间,20世纪90年代后NPP较高。20世纪70年代表现为"冷干型"气候特征,NPP距平百分率偏少1.1%～2.1%;2001—2008年均为"暖湿型"气候特征,NPP距平百分率偏多2.1%～4.5%。影响黄河源区NPP变化的主要气候因子是降水量、最大蒸散量和平均最低气温。"暖湿型"气候对植被净生产力增加最有利,黄河源区NPP可增加5.5%～8.5%。而"冷干型"气候造成植被净生产力下降5%～9%。若2050年在"暖湿型"气候情景下,黄河源区未来NPP较多年平均值增加7%～17%。 相似文献
5.
砒砂岩区是黄土高原水土流失最严重的地区之一,其植被生长状况对该区控制土壤侵蚀和维护生态平衡起着重要作用。本文基于CASA模型和Rclimdex 1.0分别计算了2001—2021年砒砂岩区植被净初级生产力NPP和18个极端气候指数,采用趋势分析、相关分析、随机森林重要性排序、残差分析等研究了砒砂岩区NPP时空变化及其对气候因素的响应特征,并量化了气候因素和人类活动对砒砂岩区NPP的相对贡献。结果表明：（1）2001—2021年砒砂岩区NPP变化呈显著增加趋势,但未来82.5%的区域NPP将由增加趋势变为减少趋势。（2）年际尺度上,砒砂岩区NPP与年均气温、年总降水量、极端强降水指数主要呈正相关,与冷夜日数TN10P、气温日较差DTR呈负相关。季节尺度上,春季均温以及暖夜日数增加有利于NPP增加,且存在滞后影响。夏季暖昼日数增加不利于植被生长,且NPP对夏季暖昼日数存在3个月的滞后响应。夏季极端强降水有利于NPP增加,而夏季干旱不利于植被生长,且NPP对持续干燥日数CDD存在3个月的滞后响应。（3）气候因素和人类活动共同促进了砒砂岩区NPP增加,裸露区和覆沙区气候贡献占主导地位,气候因素... 相似文献
6.
气候变化对新疆自然植被净第一性生产力的影响 总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11
利用新疆 101 个气象台站1961-2008年的逐月气温和降水量资料,采用气候倾向率、Mann-Kendall 突变检测、Morlet 小波、相关分析和 Kriging 插值技术等方法,分析了新疆近 48 年平均气温、降水量时空变化特征及其对NPP(自然植被净第一性生产力)的影响,并对未来不同的气候变化情景下,新疆 NPP 对气候变化的可能响应进行预估.结果表明:①近48年,新疆气候总体呈较明显的"暖湿化"趋势,并且年平均气温和年降水量分别于1972年和1978年发生了突变性的上升.但气候变化具有区域性差异,表现为北疆气温上升倾向率普遍大于南疆和天山山区;北疆大部和天山山区年降水量增多倾向率普遍高于南疆.新疆年平均气温和降水量还存在准4,9,11,16 年和 23 年等不同时间尺度的振荡周期.②受气温、降水时空变化的综合影响,新疆的 NPP 在空间上表现为,天山山区>北疆>南疆的分布格局;在时间上,近48年新疆 NPP 平均以0.118t/(hm2·10 a)的倾向率增长,并于 1978年以来发生了突变性的增大.新疆 NPP 也存在 34,68,11年和16年的振荡周期.③未来气候变湿将对新疆NPP 产生积极影响,但气候变暖对 NPP 将产生不利影响,平均而言,在其他条件不变的前提下,年降水量每增多10%,NPP 将增加20%,年平均气温每升高1℃,NPP 将减少4%6%.但全疆各地 NPP 对气候变化的响应具有明显的区域性差异. 相似文献
7.
对青海湖流域植被净初级生产力(Net Primary Productivity,NPP)以及驱动因子进行分析可以为流域生态管理与可持续发展提供一定的参考。本研究基于Carnegie-Ames-Stanford Approach(CASA)模型估算了青海湖流域NPP值，通过趋势分析、Hurst指数、地理探测器等方法，定量评估了2000—2018年青海湖流域NPP的动态变化及驱动因子。结果表明：从空间分布来看，青海湖流域多年平均植被NPP为218.88 g C·m-2，年平均NPP的高值分布在青海湖北部和南部，最高达到375.85 g C·m-2，低值分布在青海湖东岸，最低为0.11 g C·m-2。从时间变化看，2000—2018年流域年平均NPP表现为上升趋势，增幅为1.61 g C·m-2·a-1,2018年达最高值为247.30 g C·m-2。季节变化表明7月NPP最高，1月NPP最低。在NPP未来变化趋势上，Hurst指数小于0.5的区域占比为75... 相似文献
8.
基于Biome-BGC模型的天山北坡森林生态系统碳动态模拟 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
以天山北坡森林生态系统为对象,对Biome BGC模型的生理生态参数进行了校正,模拟了1959-2009年气候变化及不同气候变化情景下,研究区森林生态系统净初级生产力（NPP）、碳收支（NEP）和土壤呼吸的变化趋势。结果表明：[JP2]1959-2009年该区森林生态系统年均NPP为547.97 g·m-2·a-1,年均NEP为61.24 g·m-2·a-1,[JP]表现出适度的碳汇效应,但碳汇效应整体呈递减趋势;在设定的温度、降水情境下,NPP和NEP对降雨变化的敏感性,较其对气温升高的敏感性强;在平均气温升高、降雨量不变的情景下,森林生态系统NPP呈微弱增加态势,但NEP呈减少趋势,主要原因为气温升高,导致土壤呼吸增强。通过分析气温在干旱区的正负效应,表明气温升高促进了天山北坡森林生态系统的NPP;干旱胁迫在该区域不显著。 相似文献
9.
为了探讨近30 a来我国干旱区荒漠植被的净初级生产力(NPP)及其与水热因子相关性随时间的变化,运用CASA(Carnegie Ames Stanford approach)模型估算我国荒漠植被1982—2015年生长季的NPP,并运用线性回归和GIS空间分析方法分析了NPP的时空变化特征,利用滑动相关系数分析了荒漠植被NPP与水热因子的关系。结果表明：① 单位面积NPP均值为42 g·m-2·a-1,NPP整体水平较低。空间上呈西北部、东部边缘较高,中部、南部和中东部较低的分布特征。② 荒漠植被NPP年均总量为5.783×1013g·a-1。从荒漠植被NPP的年际变化来看,1982—2015年中国荒漠植被NPP总量以1.64×1012g·(10a)-1的线性速率（P=0.054）上升,荒漠植被生长状况总体上不断改善,但总量趋势呈现阶段性变化,1982—1993年荒漠植被NPP总量呈极显著增长态势（1.25×1012 g·a-1,P<0.01）; 1993—2006年NPP总量呈极显著降低态势（-6.42×1011 g·a-1,P<0.01）; 2006—2015年NPP总量缓慢增长（1.70×1011 g·a-1,P>0.05）。从空间变化来看,47.65%的荒漠植被NPP呈增加态势,主要分布在阿拉善高原、天山北麓、塔里木盆地西部边缘、柴达木盆地的东南边缘、阿尔金山南麓和昆仑山脉。③ 从荒漠植被NPP与各气候因子之间的相关关系随时间的变化来看,NPP与气温的滑动相关系数随时间的变化保持为负相关,与降水、干燥度的滑动相关系数保持为正相关,与太阳总辐射的滑动相关系数随时间变化并未表现出显著的变化趋势。总体上,荒漠植被与水热因子的相关关系在研究时段均有进一步减弱的态势,即荒漠植被NPP对气候因子的变化愈来愈不敏感。 相似文献
10.
呼伦贝尔森林草原交错区近30年NPP动态与气象因子的相关性研究 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
植被净初级生产力(net primary productivity,NPP)及其对气候变化的响应研究是全球变化的核心内容之一.应用遥感影像、气象数据、光能利用率遥感模型,逐像元分析1982-2010年呼伦贝尔林草交错区NPP的时空变化及其与气候因子的关系.结果表明:1)NPP平均值由大兴安岭山地向东西两侧逐渐降低,呼伦贝尔草原区最低(均值0 ～350gC·m-2a-1),高值区主要分布在大兴安岭林区(450～ 520gC·m-2a-1);2)近30a大兴安岭林区中北部区域像元尺度NPP呈弱增长(0～5)趋势,其他林区和岭西林草交错区呈弱下降(-5～0)趋势,草原区越向西下降越明显(-25 ～-5);3)研究区北部森林区年NPP与生长季气温关系较密切,草原区NPP则主要受降水控制. 相似文献
11.
Qinli XIONG 《干旱区科学》2019,11(5):637-651
Climate change and human activities can influence vegetation net primary productivity (NPP), a key component of natural ecosystems. The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau of China, in spite of its significant natural and cultural values, is one of the most susceptible regions to climate change and human disturbancesin the world. To assess the impact of climate change and human activities on vegetation dynamics in the grassland ecosystems ofthe northeastern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, we applied a time-series trend analysis to normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) datasets from 2000 to 2015 and compared these spatiotemporal variations with trends in climatic variables over the same time period. The constrained ordination approach (redundancy analysis) was used to determine which climatic variables or human-related factors mostly in?uenced the variation of NDVI. Furthermore, in order to determine whether current conservation measures and programs are effectivein ecological protection and reconstruction, we divided the northeastern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau into two parts: the Three-River Headwater conservation area (TRH zone) in the south and the non-conservation area (NTRH zone) in the north. The results indicatedan overall (73.32%)increasing trend of vegetation NPP in grasslands throughout the study area. During the period 2000-2015, NDVI in the TRH and NTRH zones increased at the rates of 0.0015/aand 0.0020/a, respectively.Specifically, precipitation accounted for 9.2% of the total variation in NDVI, while temperature accounted for 13.4%. In addition, variation in vegetation NPP of grasslands responded not only to long- and short-term changes in climate, as conceptualized in non-equilibrium theory, but also to the impact of human activities and their associated perturbations. The redundancy analysis successfully separated the relative contributions of climate change and human activities, of whichvillage populationand agricultural gross domestic product were the two most important contributors to the NDVI changes, explaining 17.8% and 17.1% of the total variationof NDVI (with the total contribution >30.0%), respectively. The total contributionpercentages of climate change and human activitiesto the NDVI variation were27.5% and 34.9%, respectively, inthe northeastern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Finally, our study shows that the grassland restoration in the study area was enhanced by protection measures and programs in the TRH zone, which explained 7.6% of the total variation in NDVI. 相似文献
12.
SUN Lingxiao 《干旱区科学》2021,13(11):1142-1154
Net primary productivity (NPP) of the vegetation in an oasis can reflect the productivity capacity of a plant community under natural environmental conditions. Owing to the extreme arid climate conditions and scarce precipitation in the arid oasis regions, groundwater plays a key role in restricting the development of the vegetation. The Qira Oasis is located on the southern margin of the Taklimakan Desert (Tarim Basin, China) that is one of the most vulnerable regions regarding vegetation growth and water scarcity in the world. Based on remote sensing images of the Qira Oasis and daily meteorological data measured by the ground stations during the period 2006-2019, this study analyzed the temporal and spatial patterns of NPP in the oasis as well as its relation with the variation of groundwater depth using a modified Carnegie Ames Stanford Approach (CASA) model. At the spatial scale, NPP of the vegetation decreased from the interior of the Qira Oasis to the margin; at the temporal scale, NPP of the vegetation in the oasis fluctuated significantly (ranging from 29.80 to 50.07 g C/(m2•month)) but generally showed an increasing trend, with the average increase rate of 0.07 g C/(m2•month). The regions with decreasing NPP occupied 64% of the total area of the oasis. During the study period, NPP of both farmland and grassland showed an increasing trend, while that of forest showed a decreasing trend. The depth of groundwater was deep in the south of the oasis and shallow in the north, showing a gradual increasing trend from south to north. Groundwater, as one of the key factors in the surface change and evolution of the arid oasis, determines the succession direction of the vegetation in the Qira Oasis. With the increase of groundwater depth, grassland coverage and vegetation NPP decreased. During the period 2008-2015, with the recovery of groundwater level, NPP values of all types of vegetation with different coverages increased. This study will provide a scientific basis for the rational utilization and sustainable management of groundwater resources in the oasis. 相似文献
13.
基于SPOT/NDVI华北地区植被变化动态监测与评价 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
利用1998-2011年SPOT NDVI数据反映华北地区植被覆盖变化情况,结合该地区土地覆盖数据以及1982-2011年84个气象站点的气温和降水数据,分别从时间和空间两个方面对其进行植被动态监测与评价,并简要分析其变化原因。结果表明:1)从时间上来看,华北地区NDVI在1998-2011年总体呈增长趋势,表明该地区植被覆盖情况整体上得到改善,其中,森林和农田NDVI增长最快;2)从空间上来看,华北地区地表植被覆盖得到改善的区域比退化区域面积要大,其中,森林和农田的恢复效果最为明显,而灌丛、草地、沙漠退化面积均超过改善面积,表明华北地区水土流失和荒漠化现象依然严峻;3)在华北地区气候长期趋于暖干化的背景下,华北植被变化与降水变化关系比与气温变化关系密切,表明植被覆盖变化受降水影响较大,此外,人类活动也是引起植被覆盖变化的重要驱动因子。 相似文献
14.
The implementation of the Grain for Green Program is a great breakthrough in the history of China's ecological environment construction,which can control soil erosion effectively,increase land productivity and improve the ecological environment.To investigate the eco-environmental benefits brought by the Grain for Green Program,the spatiotemporal variations of vegetation cover in the growing season from 2000 to 2010 across the Hekou-Longmen(He-Long) region were analyzed by using remote sensing information,meteorological data and land use data.Moreover,the impacts of climate and human activities on vegetation change were evaluated objectively.Annual vegetation cover in the growing season increased very significantly.Increased vegetation cover occurred in 98.7% of the region,of which the area for vegetation cover improved slightly constituted 79.8% of the whole area.Vegetation moderately improved was mainly distributed in the south of the He-Long region,covering 9.6% of the area,and the area for vegetation basically unchanged concentrated in the middle and upper reaches of the Wuding River.Precipitation was found to be an important natural factor influencing vegetation cover change.The area of vegetation cover showing a significantly positive correlation with precipitation occupied 22.14% of the region.As driven by policies from the Grain for Green Program,forestland increased significantly and land use structure became more intensive.Human activities played a positive and effective role in the protection,restoration and improvement of vegetation in the places where vegetation cover was basically unchanged,even though precipitation declined greatly,and vegetation improved moderately with massive increases of forestland and grassland. 相似文献
15.
近10 a来祁连山植被覆盖变化研究 总被引：7，自引：1，他引：6
NDVI作为植被生长状况及植被覆盖度的最佳指示因子,被认为是监测地区或全球植被和环境变化的最有效指标。基于2000-2011年250 m分辨率的MODIS NDVI数据并结合气候资料,采用最大值合成法、均值法、斜率分析法、相关分析法,研究祁连山生长季植被覆盖的时空变化及其与气候因子的相关性。结果表明：祁连山植被覆盖总体上自西向东递增,呈现东多西少的分布格局;植被覆盖变化存在明显的空间差异,表现为中西部植被覆盖增加,增加面积为79 149 km2,占祁连山总面积的52.93%;东部植被覆盖减少,减少面积为22 865 km2,占祁连山总面积的11.09%。近10 a来植被覆盖整体上呈增加趋势,生长季各月植被覆盖整体上呈增加趋势,全球气候变暖导致的降水增加是祁连山植被覆盖增加的主要原因。NDVI与气温、降水的相关性较高并存在一定的滞后性,6、7月NDVI分别与前期1月和前期2月的降水显著相关,相关系数分别为0.788和0.684;8、9月NDVI分别与当月、前期1月的气温极显著相关,相关系数分别为0.825和0.829。 相似文献
16.
Net primary productivity(NPP), as an important variable and ecological indicator in grassland ecosystems, can reflect environmental change and the carbon budget level. The Ili River Valley is a wetland nestled in the hinterland of the Eurasian continent, which responds sensitively to the global climate change. Understanding carbon budget and their responses to climate change in the ecosystem of Ili River Valley has a significant effect on the adaptability of future climate change and sustainable development. In this study, we calculated the NPP and analyzed its spatio-temporal pattern of the Ili River Valley during the period 2000–2014 using the normalized difference vegetation index(NDVI) and an improved Carnegie-Ames-Stanford(CASA) model. Results indicate that validation showed a good performance of CASA over the study region, with an overall coefficient of determination(R2) of 0.65 and root mean square error(RMSE) of 20.86 g C/(m~2·a). Temporally, annual NPP of the Ili River Valley was 599.19 g C/(m~2·a) and showed a decreasing trend from 2000 to 2014, with an annual decrease rate of –3.51 g C/(m~2·a). However, the spatial variation was not consistent, in which 55.69% of the areas showed a decreasing tendency, 12.60% of the areas remained relatively stable and 31.71% appeared an increasing tendency. In addition, the decreasing trends in NPP were not continuous throughout the 15-year period, which was likely being caused by a shift in climate conditions. Precipitation was found to be the dominant climatic factor that controlled the inter-annual variability in NPP. Furthermore, the correlations between NPP and climate factors differed along the vertical zonal. In the medium-high altitudes of the Ili River Valley, the NPP was positively correlated to precipitation and negatively correlated to temperature and net radiation. In the low-altitude valley and high-altitude mountain areas, the NPP showed a negative correlation with precipitation and a weakly positive correlation with temperature and net radiation. The results suggested that the vegetation of the Ili River Valley degraded in recent years, and there was a more complex mechanism of local hydrothermal redistribution that controlled the growth of vegetation in this valley ecosystem. 相似文献
17.
CHEN Limei 《干旱区科学》2022,14(12):1377-1394
Vegetation growth status is an important indicator of ecological security. The Tarim River Basin is located in the inland arid region of Northwest China and has a highly fragile ecological environment. Assessing the vegetation net primary productivity (NPP) of the Tarim River Basin can provide insights into the vegetation growth variations in the region. Therefore, based on the Google Earth Engine (GEE) cloud platform, we studied the spatiotemporal variation of vegetation NPP in the Tarim River Basin (except for the eastern Gobi and Kumutag deserts) from 2001 to 2020 and analyzed the correlations between vegetation NPP and meteorological factors (air temperature and precipitation) using the Sen slope estimation method, coefficient of variation, and rescaled range analysis method. In terms of temporal characteristics, vegetation NPP in the Tarim River Basin showed an overall fluctuating upward trend from 2001 to 2020, with the smallest value of 118.99 g C/(m2?a) in 2001 and the largest value of 155.07 g C/(m2?a) in 2017. Regarding the spatial characteristics, vegetation NPP in the Tarim River Basin showed a downward trend from northwest to southeast along the outer edge of the study area. The annual average value of vegetation NPP was 133.35 g C/(m2?a), and the area with annual average vegetation NPP values greater than 100.00 g C/(m2?a) was 82,638.75 km2, accounting for 57.76% of the basin. The future trend of vegetation NPP was dominated by anti-continuity characteristic; the percentage of the area with anti-continuity characteristic was 63.57%. The area with a significant positive correlation between vegetation NPP and air temperature accounted for 53.74% of the regions that passed the significance test, while the area with a significant positive correlation between vegetation NPP and precipitation occupied 98.68% of the regions that passed the significance test. Hence, the effect of precipitation on vegetation NPP was greater than that of air temperature. The results of this study improve the understanding on the spatiotemporal variation of vegetation NPP in the Tarim River Basin and the impact of meteorological factors on vegetation NPP. 相似文献
18.
河西走廊东部近50年气候变化特征及区内5站对比分析 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
利用河西走廊东部武威市五个气象站近50年气温、降水资料,运用统计学的方法,详细分析了当地气温、降水的时空变化特征,并进行了对比分析.结果表明,北部川区气温远大于南部山区,随海拔高度的升高气温逐渐降低;北部川区降水远小于南部山区,随海拔高度的升高降水逐渐增多.各地年平均气温呈上升趋势,20世纪90年代以来升温明显.从平均... 相似文献