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灰飞虱是禾谷类作物黑条矮缩病、条纹叶枯病的主要传毒介体,本地大面积种植的大、小麦是灰飞虱的主要越冬场所,春季繁殖一代后,转移到玉米、水稻上传播病毒病。近年来,泰兴市麦田灰飞虱发生数量逐年增加,目前已成为大、小麦上的主要害虫,导致水稻条纹叶枯病、黑条矮缩病、玉米黑条矮缩病暴发流行,小麦条纹叶枯病、黑条矮缩病亦呈逐年加重趋势。为了明确麦田灰飞虱的发生规律及其影响种群消长的主导因子,探讨其综合控制技术,有效控制禾谷类条纹叶枯病、黑条矮缩病的危害。近几年来,我们对麦田灰飞虱的发生规律开展了广泛深入的调查研究,同时… 相似文献
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施氮对白背飞虱在水稻上适应性的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
以杂交稻组合汕优63、常规粳稻品种秀水63和常规籼稻品种浙733为材料,采用室内继代饲养的方法,研究了不同类型水稻品种上施用氮肥对白背飞虱生长发育、存活率和繁殖等的影响。结果表明,施用氮肥可以显著提高白背飞虱种群生态适应性。同一水稻品种,在施用氮肥的植株上白背飞虱若虫历期缩短,随着取食代数的增加,在不施氮稻株上的若虫历期明显延长,而在施氮稻株上的若虫历期则明显缩短。白背飞虱若虫存活率随着施氮而显著提高,品种和饲养代数对其存活率也均有着极显著的影响。在施氮水稻植株上的白背飞虱雌成虫体质量和产卵量均显著高于不施氮肥上的。随着饲养代数的增加,同一品种的施氮稻株上雌成虫体质量、产卵量及卵孵化率均增加,而在不施氮稻株上则相反。水稻品种、饲养代数和氮肥水平对白背飞虱雌成虫体质量和产卵量均有着极显著的影响。 相似文献
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2008年会同县杂交水稻矮缩病重发原因及防治措施 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
2008年会同县杂交水稻生产中出现严重的矮缩现象,尤以两系杂交稻最为严重.经过调查分析,认为是以灰飞虱和褐飞虱为媒介传播的水稻黑条矮缩病毒和水稻齿叶矮缩病毒共同危害造成的.分析了2008年矮缩病重发的原因,提出了防治措施. 相似文献
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湖北发生的水稻矮缩病是南方水稻黑条矮缩病毒引起的 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
近年来由水稻黑条矮缩病毒和南方水稻黑条矮缩病毒引起的水稻黑条矮缩病在华南、华东等地区暴发流行,给水稻生产带来严重损失,而湖北一直未有水稻黑条矮缩病流行的报道。然而,2009年和2010年在湖北省长江沿线的荆州、孝感、咸宁、黄石、鄂州、黄冈等水稻种植区普遍发生水稻矮缩减产的现象。经过症状观察、dsRNA电泳图谱分析、RT-PCR等方法,诊断该病是由南方水稻黑条矮缩病毒引起,说明该病毒已经随介体昆虫白背飞虱从我国南方传播至中部水稻种植区。 相似文献
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研究了水稻黑条矮缩病的发生规律，认为水稻黑条矮缩病的发生程度与田间灰飞虱的发生量呈正相关，水稻3叶1心期比其它生育期更易感病，不同水稻品种的抗病性差异较大。本文还分析了病害的流行因子，讨论了防治对策。 相似文献
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【目的】 水稻矮缩病毒(RDV)是水稻普通矮缩病的病原。该病害主要依赖于黑尾叶蝉经卵以持久增殖方式传播,危害水稻。本研究旨在明确RDV对黑尾叶蝉存活、发育、繁殖和种群增长的影响,分析病毒对介体昆虫的间接影响。【方法】 采用室内实验比较了黑尾叶蝉在健康水稻及感病水稻上的发育繁殖情况,组建了实验种群生命表,并调查了RDV对种群增长的影响。【结果】 与健康水稻相比,感病水稻上叶蝉若虫期存活率更高,雌若虫发育历期显著缩短,雄成虫寿命显著延长,产卵量显著增加,其他生物学参数无显著差异。五个生命表参数仅净生殖率(R0)存在显著差异,感病水稻上叶蝉R0显著高于健康水稻。饲喂感病水稻的养虫笼内叶蝉种群增长更快,总成虫数量更多,在接虫后的第4、5和6月显著高于健康水稻上的数量。【结论】 水稻矮缩病毒可以提高黑尾叶蝉的存活率和产卵量,并促进种群的增长。 相似文献
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HE Xiao-chan XU Hong-xing ZHENG Xu-song YANG Ya-jun GAO Guang-chun PAN Jian-hong LU Zhong-xian 《水稻科学》2012,19(4):335-340
We evaluated the effects of rice black streak dwarf virus(RBSDV)-infested rice plants on the ecological parameters and its relevant defensive and detoxification enzymes of white-backed planthopper(WBPH) in laboratory for exploring the relationship between RBSDV and the non-vector planthopper.The results showed that nymph survival rate,female adult weight and fecundity,and egg hatchability of WBPH fed on RBSDV-infested rice plants did not markedly differ from those on healthy plants,whereas the female adult longevity and egg duration significantly shortened on diseased plants.Furthermore,significantly higher activities of defensive enzymes(dismutase,catalase and peroxidase) and detoxification enzymes(acetylcholinesterase,carboxylesterase and glutathione S-transferase) were found in WBPH adults fed on infected plants.Results implied that infestation by RBSDV increased the ecological fitness of non-vector planthopper population. 相似文献
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Southern rice black-streaked dwarf virus (SRBSDV) is a recently proposed distinct species in the genus Fijivirus, family Reoviridae. During the past decade, SRBSDV has spread throughout southern China and northern Vietnam, and has become one of the greatest threats to rice production in these regions. We evaluated three common planthopper species affecting rice: white-backed planthopper (WBPH, Sogatella furcifera), brown planthopper (BPH, Nilaparvata lugens) and small brown planthopper (SBPH, Laodelphax striatellus) to determine their virus transmission abilities. It was confirmed that WBPH was an efficient persistent-transmitting vector for SRBSDV. Neither BPH nor SBPH were viral vectors, although a small proportion (3.7%) of tested SBPH acquired the virus from diseased rice. We characterized the virus transmission properties of WBPH. 83% of the tested insects fed on virus-infected rice plants became viruliferous. The minimum virus acquisition and inoculation access periods were 5 and 30 min, respectively, for both WBPH nymphs and adults. The circulative transmission periods of the virus in WBPH ranged from 6 to 14 days, and most viruliferous individuals transmitted the virus in intermittent periods ranging from 2 to 6 days. A single individual of WBPH could infect 8–25 rice plants with the virus in a 5-day period. WBPH could transmit SRBSDV from rice to maize seedlings, but it was barely able to acquire the virus from infected maize. These results improve our understanding of the epidemiology of SRBSDV, and will be useful for development of disease control strategies. 相似文献
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Tong ZHOU Li-juan WU Ying WANG Zhao-bang CHENG Ying-hua JI Yong-jian FAN Yi-jun ZHOU 《水稻科学》2011,18(2):152-156
In order to preserve virus for identifying the resistance of rice varieties against rice black-streaked dwarf disease, a simple and reliable method was developed, through which virus-free small brown planthopper (SBPH) acquired rice black-streaked dwarf virus (RBSDV) from frozen infected leaves and the virus was transmitted to healthy rice plants. The experimental results showed that SBPH could obtain RBSDV from frozen infected rice leaves and the virus could be transmitted to a susceptible rice variety. For the ability to acquire RBSDV and transmit the virus to healthy plants by SBPH, there was no significant difference between frozen infected leaves and in vitro infected leaves. The novel method could be applied to identification of rice variety resistance to rice black-streaked dwarf disease, facilitating the breeding process for rice black-streaked dwarf disease resistance. 相似文献
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灰飞虱从冷冻病叶获得水稻黑条矮缩病毒方法的研究初报 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
研究出一种利用灰飞虱从冷冻病叶中获得水稻黑条矮缩病毒（rice black streaked dwarf virus, RBSDV）的方法。以-70℃条件下冷冻保存的RBSDV罹病植株叶片对灰飞虱饲毒,随后接种感病水稻品种,结果发现灰飞虱可从冷冻病叶上获得RBSDV,并传播RBSDV,且获毒能力和传毒能力与新鲜病叶没有差异。这表明从冷冻病叶上获得RBSDV的灰飞虱可以应用于品种抗性鉴定,此法可望加快RBSDV抗病品种的选育进程。 相似文献
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在目前氮肥施用量依然偏多的大背景下,氮肥与转 Bt 基因水稻的相互作用是否会对稻田中非靶标节肢动物产生影响是转基因水稻安全评价的重要内容。本研究在室内条件下用0 kg/hm2、100 kg/hm2和250 kg/hm23个氮肥水平处理的转 Bt 基因水稻T1C-19和T2A-1以及非转基因亲本水稻明恢63,连续饲养褐飞虱和白背飞虱4代,研究在不同氮肥条件下,转 Bt 基因水稻对褐飞虱和白背飞虱生态适应性的继代影响。结果显示,在同一水稻品种上,氮肥的过量施用,显著提高了褐飞虱和白背飞虱的生态适应性,并且随着代数的增加具有一定的累加效果。同一氮肥水平条件下,转 Bt 基因水稻和对照相比对同代褐飞虱和白背飞虱的若虫发育历期、雌虫体质量、成虫寿命、褐飞虱若虫孵化率、存活率均无显著影响。而在100 kg/hm2和250 kg/hm2施氮水平下取食转基因水稻T1C-19的褐飞虱在第1代至第3代的每雌产卵量均显著低于另一转基因品种T2A-1以及对照品种明恢63,但第4代褐飞虱在各品种上的产卵量无显著差异。本研究结果表明,氮肥的施用显著提高了褐飞虱和白背飞虱的生态适应性,供试两种转Bt基因水稻对褐飞虱和白背飞虱的生态适应性无显著影响。这为转基因水稻的安全评价提供了一定的理论依据。 相似文献
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水稻植株防御白背飞虱为害的某些生理反应 总被引：17，自引：2，他引：17
以对白背飞虱具有不同抗性水平的水稻品种(组合) 为材料, 研究了水稻在白背飞虱为害后稻株体内的生理变化。结果表明, 稻株受害后, 感虫品种(TN1和汕优63) 光合作用速率和叶绿素含量下降比抗虫品种(N 22) 明显; 感虫品种超氧化物歧化酶(SOD) 活性增加, 过氧化物酶(POD) 和过氧化氢酶(CAT) 活性下降, 而抗虫品种POD 和SOD 均增加, CAT减少;感虫品种除丙氨酸含量下降外, 其他氨基酸含量均上升, 尤其是天门冬氨酸、苏氨酸、缬氨酸及蛋氨酸等含量增加很快, 抗虫品种中天门冬氨酸、缬氨酸等含量增加也很快, 但苏氨酸、蛋氨酸、丙氨酸的含量显著下降。 相似文献
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8个水稻品种的条纹叶枯病抗性特征 总被引：33，自引：6，他引：27
利用强迫饲毒、集团接种、非嗜性测验、抗生性测验的方法研究与分析了8个抗条纹叶枯病水稻品种对条纹病毒和介体灰飞虱的抗性,发现不同水稻抗性品种的抗性特征并不完全相同。IR36、Kasalath、窄叶青8号、道人桥、DV85既抗条纹病毒又抗介体灰飞虱,对条纹叶枯病所表现的抗性是条纹病毒和介体灰飞虱抗性共同作用的结果; 爱知97和Kenta Nakan抗条纹病毒,但不抗介体灰飞虱,对条纹叶枯病所表现的抗性是品种对条纹病毒的抗性;而IR24对条纹病毒和介体灰飞虱仅表现中等抗性。 相似文献
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XianFang ZhangJingjing Li Gaofu QiKai Wen Jinzhong LuXiuyun Zhao 《Crop Protection》2011,30(11):1478-1484
White backed planthopper (WBPH; Sogota furcifera Horvath) has become the major threat to rice crops throughout Asia, damaging plants both through its feeding behavior and by acting as a virus vector. Here, we developed a novel method for biologically controlling WBPH by using endophytic bacterium to express anti-pest plant lectins. Strain SJ-10 of an endophytic bacterium, characterized as Enterobacter cloacae by morphological, physiological, biochemical and 16s rDNA characteristics, was isolated from rice seedlings. The Pinellia ternate agglutinin (PTA) gene was cloned into SJ-10 for expression. The positive transformant, selected by antibiotic resistance, was evaluated using PCR, SDS-PAGE and Western blot assay. After inoculation, rSJ-10 could colonize rice plants so that they expressed PTA, and then the rice was shown to have insecticidal activity against WBPH. The results showed that rSJ-10 could significantly decrease the survival and fecundity of WBPH fed on rice seedlings (p < 0.01). At day 19, the fecundity of WBPH inoculated with rSJ-10, or with wild-type SJ-10 was decreased by 86.1%, and 25.6%, respectively. At day 22, numbers of WBPH on rice in the control were 19.4 times greater than on rice inoculated with rSJ-10. At day 26, the rice seedlings all died in the control group, but the seedlings inoculated with rSJ-10 grew well. The results showed that the rice seedlings inoculated with rSJ-10 expressing PTA protein were endowed with the anti-pest activity against WBPH. Further work is needed to investigate whether the rice plants expressing rPTA are toxic to mammals. This research highlights a way to biologically control planthoppers by recombinant endophytic bacteria expressing plant lectins. 相似文献
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应用DNA标记分析稻飞虱的抗性基因 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
简要地回顾了水稻抗飞虱的遗传位点定位和作图的新进展.来自具有不同基因组的野生稻渗入系的4个抗褐飞虱基因Bph
1、 bph 2、 bph 4和Bph 9,以及4个暂定名抗褐飞虱基因Bph 10(t)、bph 11(t)、bph
12(t)和Bph 13(t),目前已被定位于水稻12条染色体中的5条.其中,Bph 1、 bph
2、 Bph 9和Bph 10(t)在水稻第12染色体的长臂上形成1个连锁区段,位于bph
2位点附近约25 cM.检测出几个对田间抗性和杀卵作用有影响的QTL.抗白背飞虱基因Wbph
1、 Wbph 2和Wbph 6(t)已经或暂时定位了.粳稻中对白背飞虱具有杀卵抗性的QTL已进行了详细的分析,在第6染色体的短臂上检测到有效的QTL,在同一位点鉴定出1个显性的杀卵基因Ovc.在杀卵基因Ovc存在时,第1染色体上的1个QTL和第5染色体上的2个QTL增加白背飞虱的卵死亡率.用DNA标记进行QTL作图可以加深人们对作物抗虫性中复杂的生理和遗传机理的理解.标记辅助选择可以加速培育具多基因抗虫性的作物,还可以将野生种中的有利抗虫特性转入改良品种中,增加作物抗虫性的持久性和遗传多样性. 相似文献