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杉木成熟合子胚器官发生和体胚发生 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
以杉木成熟合子胚为起始外植体,研究基本培养基、不同种类的细胞分裂素及生长素对杉木器官发生和体胚发生及不定芽生根的影响,并用石蜡切片法观察不定芽和体胚的发生和发育过程.结果表明:DCR 6-BA 1.0mg·L-1 TDZ 0.002 mg·L-1 NAA 0.1 mg·L-1对成熟合子胚诱导不定芽最有效;DCR 6-BA 1.0 mg·L-1 TDZ 0.003mg·L-1 NAA 0.1 mg·L-1是成熟合子胚诱导体胚的最佳培养基;不定芽在DCR基本培养基中可有效伸长;1/4MS IBA 0.2 mg·L-1 NAA 0.1 mg·L-1对不定芽生根最有效.石蜡切片观察表明:不定芽有2种发生方式,一种是表皮及表皮下的3～4层细胞分生组织化发育而成,另一种是外植体内部的小维管束脱分化发育而成.2种发生方式均为直接器官发生途径. 相似文献
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美国黄松离体胚培养条件下不定芽的形成与根产生的研究 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
以美国黄松成熟胚为外植体在MS、GD、SH和N6 培养基上诱导不定芽 ,试验结果表明 ,基本培养基的种类对外植体不定芽的诱导起主要作用 ,GD最好 ,SH次之 ,MS和N6 最差。GD 0 5mg·L- 1 6 BA ,对外植体不定芽的诱导率达 5 5 % ,平均增殖率为 6 ,最大增殖率达 10 ;NAA不利于外植体不定芽的诱导 ;培养基中加入适量的活性炭有利于不定芽的形成和生长。对不定芽在GD、SH和 1 2SH培养基上进行生根诱导 ,试验结果表明 ,基本培养基的种类对不定芽形成根起主要作用 ,GD、SH不能诱导不定芽生根 ,1 2SH可以使不定芽生根 ,其对不定芽的诱导率为 2 2 % ,1 2SH NAA 0 5mg·L- 1 对不定芽生根的诱导率为 3 3% ;NAA对不定芽生根具有促进作用。在离体培养条件下 ,以美国黄松种胚为外植体获得了再生小植株 相似文献
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以油茶优良无性系的腋芽为外植体,分别采用附加不同种类激素的MS培养基对其进行组织培养试验,结果表明:不定芽的最佳继代增殖培养基为MS+6-BA0.8 mg.L-1+NAA0.1 mg.L-1,诱导生根最适培养基为1/2MS+IBA0.5 mg.L-1+NAA0.2 mg.L-1,生根率达87.5%。 相似文献
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以西黄松成熟胚为外植体诱导不定芽,在GD 9.85～19.70 μmol·L'-1 6-BA 0.0～14.42 μmol·L-1 NAA上不定芽诱导率最高达65.8%,平均增殖率为7,最大增殖率达10;不定芽形成有2种途径,即子叶直接形成不定芽和子叶组织再分化形成不定芽;NAA不利于外植体不定芽的诱导;不定芽的生长和扩繁采用不加生长调节剂的1/2 GD和1/2 SH培养基;培养基中加入适量的活性炭有利于不定芽和根的生长.不定嫩梢在1/2 GD和1/2 SH附加不同浓度NAA和GA,3的培养基上进行生根诱导,试验结果表明:NAA对不定根的形成起主要作用,在1/2 GD 28.84 μmol·L'-1 NAA 4.17 μmol·L'-1 GA,3培养基中不定梢的生根率为16.7%.在离体培养条件下,以西黄松成熟胚为外植体获得了再生植株. 相似文献
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以五叶地锦(Parthenocissus quinquefolia)子叶柄、下胚轴、叶片为外植体进行离体培养,以1/2 MS、B5和Heller为基本培养基,附加不同浓度的细胞分裂素(6-BA,KT, TDZ)及生长素(NAA)诱导下胚轴直接再生不定芽.实验结果表明,暗处理30 d,靠近下胚轴的子叶柄接种在1/2 MS 0.3 mg·L-16-BA培养基上,其不定芽分化率最高达64.67%;下胚轴接种在1/2 MS 2.0 mg·L-1KT 0.05 mg·L-1NAA和Heller 0.5 mg·L-1BA 0.1 mg·L-1NAA培养基上,其不定芽分化率接近,达到24%左右;无菌苗的叶片接种在B5 0.5 mg·L-1TDZ 0.05 mg·L-1NAA培养基上,其不定芽分化率达17.7%.芽增殖培养基为1/2 MS 0.5 mg·L-16-BA 0.1 mg·L-1NAA增殖系数为3～5, 1/2 MS 0.5 mg·L-1IBA 500 mg·L-1活性炭适于再生幼苗的生根,生根苗经移栽全部成活. 相似文献
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本文探讨了史密斯桉组织培养技术。试验表明,经HgCl2消毒后用1%的氯化钙浸洗处理,能有效控制外植体褐化的发生,褐化死亡率仅为12.5%;始芽萌动以及初期继代培养阶段,采用F＋6-BA 0.5 mg.L-1＋IBA 0.3mg.L-1培养基,有利于外植体的不定芽诱导以及初期的继代扩大培养,增殖系数达3.7;在增殖与伸长生长阶段,采用改良H＋6-BA 0.125～0.25 mg.L-1＋IBA 0.25 mg.L-1＋VC 20 mg.L-1＋VB210 mg.L-1培养基,在保证较高增值系数的情况下,有利于芽的伸长生长;以1/3 MS为基本培养基,添加0.25 mg.L-1IBA对史密斯桉的根系诱导较为有效,生根率达37.8%。 相似文献
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《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(5):427-435
In Scandinavia, moose (Alces alces L.) sometimes cause severe browsing damage to economically-important pine. Moose-vehicle accidents have spurred construction of fences along roads, and these may interfere with moose migration between summer and winter ranges, or the road alone may be a barrier. If this happens and moose build up along roads, landowners may suffer economically. Therefore, this study investigated whether roads, fences or other factors influence the use of young pine stands by moose. Eighty stands along roads in northern Sweden were evaluated in which individually-browsed branches were counted on 9972 pines. Moose browsing was not significantly related to birch (Betula pendula Roth, B. pubescens Ehrh.) density, nor did it differ between pines (Pinus contorta Douglas or P. sylvestris L.). However, increased pine density, site productivity and proximity to a highway were associated with increased browsing. Further large-scale studies are needed to understand moose habitat selection and the effects of roads. 相似文献
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《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(3):206-217
The root systems of 2-yr-old Picea glauca, Picea mariana and Pinus banksiana seedlings were submitted to various frost temperatures during an artificial frost to induce different levels of root damage. Frost-damaged and control seedlings were placed in a greenhouse under high and low soil moisture regimes. Seedling growth and physiology were evaluated periodically. Seedling survival was reduced when root damage reached levels of 60-80%. Root systems of all three species showed partial to total recovery by the end of the experiment. In general, root freezing damage caused reductions in seedling growth, with these reductions becoming less significant over time. Root damage had little to no effect on black spruce and jack pine seedling physiology, while white spruce CO 2 uptake decreased with increasing root damage. Shoot nitrogen content of all three species decreased slightly with increasing root damage. 相似文献
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《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(1):53-61
This study investigated the stand structure in pine, spruce and deciduous forests in the border district of Finland and Russia. A total of 46 mature forest stands was selected as pairs, the members of each pair being as similar as possible with respect to their forest site type, age, moisture and topography. The stands were then compared between the two countries by means of basal areas and number of stems. The proportions of dominating tree species were 2-12% lower, and correspondingly the proportions of secondary tree species higher, in Russian forests. The density of the forest stock was also higher in each forest type in Russia. The forests in the two countries differed most radically in terms of the abundance of dead trees. The amount was two to four times higher in Russian deciduous and spruce forests, and in pine forests the difference was 10-fold. The stand structures indicated that Russian coniferous stands, in particular, were more heterogeneous than intensively managed pine and spruce stands in Finland. 相似文献
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《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(1):15-27
The root collar diameter and the height:diameter ratio are of particular importance in container-grown seedlings where a high density in the containers may produce spindly seedlings. Temperature regimes and light quality are known to affect plant growth. The aim of this study was to identify responses in Picea abies (L.) Karst. seedlings grown with light providing different red:far-red ratios and under temperature regimes with alternating day (DT) and night temperature (NT) from negative (DT < NT) to positive (DT > NT) difference (DIF) between DT and NT. Experiments were conducted in controlled environment chambers and in a daylight phytotron. Only limited thermoperiodic responses appeared in P . abies seedlings with respect to seedling height and dry weight accumulation. The formation of terminal buds, however, was clearly delayed in seedlings grown at negative DIF. The results indicate a requirement for day extension light that is high in far-red, to prevent terminal bud formation under natural short-day conditions. An extended study should be conducted to clarify the minimum level of light intensity and the optimal light quality needed to prevent terminal bud formation under natural short-day conditions. 相似文献
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本文分析了CAD在设计中引起的正面和负面影响,并进行了系统的阐述,从而使设计者在应用中能够保持客观的态度。 相似文献
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《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(2):131-138
The effects of soil scarification (mounding), slash removal and clear-cut age on the natural regeneration in clear-cuts was evaluated using data from four sites in southern Sweden. The treatments were carried out during a good seed and establishment year for birch ( Betula pubescens Ehrh. and B. pendula Roth). Scarification had the strongest positive effect on the density of naturally regenerated seedlings, especially in birch, but also in pine ( Pinus sylvestris L.) and spruce [ Picea abies (L.) Karst]. Slash removal had a positive effect on birch density. No statistically significant effect of clear-cut age was found. In addition, no statistically significant interactions between clear-cut age and scarification or slash removal were found. The ingrowth of field vegetation was the fastest in areas that were not scarified, less rapid in areas scarified on old clear-cuts, and the slowest after scarification in fresh clear-cuts. In conclusion, it may be possible to control the density of birch during a good establishment year for birch. If birch is desired, the best combination of treatments is to remove the slash and scarify; otherwise, these treatments should be avoided. 相似文献
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《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(5):472-479
Based on an enquiry, risk perception among non-industrial private forest owners is described in relation to climate change and forestry hazards. Of the respondents, 11% took action to remedy the effects of climate change. Out of a given set, hazards were ranked according to each respondent's experience of recent substantial financial loss to the estate and in relation to his or her willingness to make investments aimed at risk reduction. For each hazard, the respondent assessed the risk in four classes ranging from very high to negligible risk. Six hazards were considered most problematic in all three aspects: browsing damage, falling timber prices, damage by wind, spruce bark beetle, root rot and pine weevil. A majority of the respondents claimed to take action to reduce the risk associated with at least one hazard, while 35% did not know whether they did. Excluding climate change, the need for decision support was the largest in relation to damage by wind owing to a combination of perceived high risk and a high level of ignorance in relation to whether risk-reducing measures were taken. 相似文献
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Srisuda Thippayarugs Banyong Toomsan Patma Vityakon Viriya Limpinuntana Aran Patanothai Georg Cadisch 《Agroforestry Systems》2008,72(2):137-148
In situ produced plant residues contain a mixture of different plant components of varying quality. To assess synergistic
or antagonistic interactions occurring during the decomposition and mineralization of such mixtures, individual plant parts
(stems, leaves, leaf litter and roots) or the mixture of stems, leaves and leaf litter of the agroforestry species pigeonpea
(Cajanus cajan) or of crop residues of peanut (Arachis hypogaea) or of the weed hairy indigo (Indigofera hirsuta) were incubated in pots for 19 weeks. Periodically, remaining plant residues were sieved out (>2 mm), weighed and N content
as well as soil mineral N determined. Above- and below-ground residues of peanut decomposed fastest and showed the largest
N release in agreement with their high N concentration and low-acid detergent fibre (ADF) : N ratio. Hairy indigo was hypothesized
to be of lower quality than pigeonpea because of its high-polyphenol content. However, it decomposed faster than pigeonpea,
largely because of the higher N and lower lignin concentration of its components. Ranking of individual plant components for
N mineralization resulted in the following pattern, leaves > leaf litter > roots > stems. In mixtures of the different plant
components a similar species order in decomposition was obtained, e.g. peanut > hairy indigo > pigeonpea. The amount of N
released from the mixture was dominated by stem material that comprised 46–61% of the mixture. The interactions in mixtures
were relatively small for peanut (generally high-quality components) as well as for pigeonpea (low proportion of high-quality
components, i.e. N rich leaf material). However, a positive interaction occurred during later stages of N mineralization in
the mixture of hairy indigo as it had a significant proportion of N rich components and absence of highly reactive polyphenols.
Thus, for plants with low to intermediate chemical quality attributes, manipulating plant composition (e.g. by varying harvest
age, affecting stem and leaf proportions) will be important to obtain significant interactions during decomposition when its
components are mixed. 相似文献
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A. Rigueiro-Rodríguez M. R. Mosquera-Losada E. Gatica-Trabanini 《Agroforestry Systems》2000,48(3):245-256
The use of organic waste materials such as milk sewage as an organic fertilizer could have the dual advantages of organic-waste
disposal and reduced dependence on inorganic fertilizers. The effects of fertilization with (1) conventional mineral fertilization,
(2) milk sewage sludge at 40 kg N ha−1 target rate and (3) no fertilization on pasture production and tree growth were examined in an experiment consisting of two
pasture mixtures under a one-year-old Pinus radiata plantation with a density of 2500 trees ha−1. The two pasture mixtures were: (1) Dactylis glomerata L. var. saborto (25 kg ha−1) + Trifolium repens L. group Ladino (4 kg ha−1) + Trifolium pratense L. var. Marino (1 kg ha−1); (2) Lolium perenne L. var. Tove (25 kg ha−1) + Trifolium repens L. group Ladino (4 kg ha−1) + Trifolium pratense L. var. Marino (1 kg ha−1). The experiment began in the spring of 1995 using a randomized block design with three replicates in Castro Riberas de Lea
(Lugo, Galicia, north-western Spain). Plot size was 12 × 8 m2, with a 1 m buffer strip between plots. Two-year data showed that fertilization with either material had a positive effect
on pasture production, with no significant difference between the two fertilization treatments. Tree growth in the milk sewage
sludge plot was significantly higher than in the control plots. Inorganic fertilization increased pasture production, but
affected tree growth negatively. The results show that milk sewage sludge could be used as a fertilizer in silvo-pastoral
systems.
This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献