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1.
1999～2003年先后进行了长残留除草剂金普施特和阔草清土壤残留对后茬作物亚麻影响的田间小区残留试验.结果表明,5%金普施特水剂1000ml/hm2推荐剂量和2000ml/hm2倍量处理,施药后12个月对亚麻生长有明显抑制,不可以种植.24个月后,1000ml/hm2剂量下种植亚麻无明显药害,2000ml/hm2倍量处理亚麻苗期有轻度抑制,仍不可以种植.36个月后,1000ml/hm2和2000ml/hm2倍量处理,对亚麻均无明显药害,可以安全种植.80%阔草清水分散粒剂60g/hm2推荐剂量处理以及倍量120g/hm2、3倍量180g/hm2各处理,施药后12个月均有较重药害,不能种植.施药后24个月,60g/hm2和120g/hm2处理无明显药害症状,可以安全种植,180g/hm2处理对亚麻幼苗生长仍有抑制,不能安全种植. 相似文献
2.
1992-2003年进行了模拟普施特和豆磺隆土壤残留对后莅作物甜菜的安全性试验。研究结果表明，普施特低剂量62．5mL／hm^2。即对甜菜有严重药害，甜菜苗鲜重降低90．9％；普施特125mL／hm^2以上各处理，甜菜苗全部死亡。豆磺隆低剂量0．25g／hm^2对甜菜的保苗株数、苗高、苗鲜重影响较小，但产量降低17．9％；高剂量2、4g／hm^5处理药害严重，甜菜死苗率90％以上，产量降低92％以上。广灭灵975-3000mL／hm^2各剂量处理施药后12个月，对甜菜均无明显药害。株鲜重和产量与不施药对照相近。金豆1000、1500mL／hm^2低剂量处理，施药后12个月对甜菜药害轻微，可以种植，24个月后可以安全种植甜菜；金豆2000、3000mL／hm^2高剂量，施药后12个月对甜菜有明显药害，不可以种植；24个月后药害轻微，可以种植甜菜。金普施特低剂量1250mL／hm^2和倍量2500mL／hm^2处理对甜菜均有药害。施药后12个月药害重于24个月和36个月。但36个月后高、低剂量下仍有药害，仍不能安全种植甜菜。阔草清60、120、180g／hm^2各处理，施药后12个月均有较重药害．不能种植；施药后24个月时，60g／hm^2低剂量处理药害虽然较轻，但仍与不施药对照有较大差异，也不能安全种植，高剂量处理药害仍很严重。 相似文献
3.
《花生学报》2018,(4)
通过施药后连续种植不同作物评价了咪唑乙烟酸对后茬作物安全性。结果表明,咪唑乙烟酸108g/hm~2、216g/hm~2处理在壤土、砂土处理区对花生田杂草防除效果均在90%以上,表现出良好的防治效果,对花生出苗率没有显著影响,均在90%以上,但216g/hm~2有效量处理对花生生长产生轻微药害,其中壤土处理花生产量明显低于对照处理;对后茬作物安全性表明,施药后4个月种植小麦、12个月种植玉米、棉花,壤土、砂土处理组咪唑乙烟酸108g/hm~2处理对小麦、玉米、棉花药害不明显,216g/hm~2处理对后茬作物小麦、玉米、棉花均产生轻微药害,小麦株高、鲜质量、分蘖、产量显著低于对照处理,玉米出苗后叶片黄化,苗期株高、鲜质量与对照处理差异显著,棉花苗期株高、鲜质量、成株期株高、铃数、铃质量显著低于对照处理;施药后12个月种植甘薯、黄瓜、西瓜各药剂处理区药害明显,其中后茬作物甘薯、黄瓜在相同剂量处理下壤土处理组药害较砂土处理组严重。因此,在使用咪唑乙烟酸防治花生田杂草后,尽量避免种植甘薯、黄瓜、西瓜等作物,可与小麦、玉米、棉花进行合理轮作,但应考虑施药土壤环境、控制咪唑乙烟酸使用量和安全间隔期。 相似文献
4.
采用气相色谱法(氮磷检测器)测定精甲霜灵在西红柿果实上的残留量。结果表明,精甲霜灵在西红柿植株上施用以后降解较快;在西红柿果实上的消解遵循指数型降解规律,半衰期为1.74 d;残留量与精甲霜灵施药量相关,残留浓度随着施药量增多而增高;施药4次处理与施药5次处理间无显著差异。以2倍试验农药厂家在西红柿上的推荐使用剂量(2 248 g/hm2)作施药处理,施药次数为5次,于最后1次施药2 d后,精甲霜灵在西红柿果肉中的残留量为0.074 mg/kg的分析结果表明,试验农药厂家推荐精甲霜灵在西红柿上施用的安全间隔期为3 d是合适的。 相似文献
5.
对比了香蕉果穗不套袋、断蕾后套袋、全程套袋三种不同套袋方式下戊唑醇在香蕉全果和果肉中的残留情况。按推荐施药剂量和推荐施药剂量1.5倍施用3次和4次250 g/L戊唑醇水乳剂,末次试药距收获期42 d时,不套袋处理的最终残留量均高于戊唑醇在香蕉上的最大残留限量0.05 mg/kg,断蕾后套袋的最终残留量均低于0.05 mg/kg,全程套袋的最终残留量均低于最低检测浓度0.025 mg/kg。香蕉套袋可以有效阻挡农药在蕉果上的附着,从而降低戊唑醇在香蕉上的残留量。 相似文献
6.
甲霜灵在西瓜及土壤中的残留消解动态研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
采用高效液相色谱检测方法,研究甲霜灵在西瓜及土壤中2a的残留消解动态及最终残留。结果表明:甲霜灵在西瓜和土壤上的半衰期为4.10~4.30 d和8.61~9.55 d。甲霜灵灌根施药后,西瓜全果经过14 d,土壤经过28 d,消解率都达到85%以上。按最高推荐剂量500 g.a.i/hm2和1.5倍高剂量750 g.a.i/hm2使用3~4次,收获距末次施药间隔5、7、14 d,甲霜灵在西瓜全果、瓜肉和土壤中的最终残留量均低于中国食品中甲霜灵的最大残留限量标准0.2 mg/kg。所以甲霜灵在海南地区西瓜上按照推荐剂量300~500 g.a.i/hm2灌根2~3次,采摘间隔期7 d以上是安全的。 相似文献
7.
苯醚甲环唑在水稻和稻田中的残留 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
为明确苯醚甲环唑在稻田系统的使用安全性,调查了我国3个不同水稻种植区域(湖南长沙、吉林长春和浙江杭州)苯醚甲环唑在稻田系统中的残留消解动态以及在糙米、稻壳、水稻茎秆和土壤中的最终残留量。按高剂量(112.5 g/hm2)施药1次后,苯醚甲环唑在不同种植区域水稻植株、稻田水和土壤中的半衰期分别为6.1~8.9 d,5.3~6.2 d和3.8~4.1 d。各试验点最终残留结果表明,施药后28 d采样时糙米中苯醚甲环唑的最终残留量均<0.01 mg/kg,水稻茎秆中含量最高,土壤中均未检出苯醚甲环唑(<0.01 mg/kg)。结合生产实际,按该试验设计的施药剂量、施药次数和采收间隔期,糙米、水稻茎秆和稻壳中苯醚甲环唑的残留量是安全的,但若是稻渔共作种植方式,则应尽量避免该农药的使用,以免对鱼类造成不利影响。 相似文献
8.
建立了豇豆、土壤中吡虫啉测定高效液相色谱法,并研究吡虫啉在海南豇豆和其种植土壤中的消解动态以及在豇豆中的最终残留。结果表明:方法回收率为78%~89%,在0.05~5μg/mL线性关系良好,相对标准偏差(RSD)7%,最低定量限0.01μg/mL,方法满足检测工作要求。吡虫啉在豇豆和土壤中的半衰期分别为2.9、5.1 d。以1.5倍推荐剂量一次喷施农药2.5 d后吡虫啉残留量小于0.5μg/g。吡虫啉在土壤中半衰期较短,属于易降解农药;分别以1.5、2倍推荐剂量3次施药,每次施药间隔2d,自然降解4、6d后残留量均低于0.5μg/g。 相似文献
9.
试验结果表明，在210～450ml/hm^2范围内，24%Plateau LC对花生较难防除的莎草科杂草香附子具有较高的防除效果，防除随施药天数，施药剂量的增加而提高，当田间香附子株高3～5cm，其它杂草长到3～4片叶时喷药，处理的花生荚果产量极显著高于对照组，增30.4%～46.7%；药后30d用Plateau 450mL/hm^2处理成武，曹县试点，结果对香附子的校正株防效分别高达97.8%,88.1%，药后45d该处理两试点对香附子的鲜重防效分别为98.1%、89.6%。 相似文献
10.
南方亚麻田杂草防治药效试验及应用技术 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1
南方冬春季种植的亚麻，田间主要杂草有看麦娘、牛繁缕、man草及碎米荠。试验表明：72%郁尔乳油每666.7m^2用量130ml，在亚麻播后发芽前封土处理，其鲜重防效达84.7%；17.5%快刀乳油、10.8%高效盖草能乳油及5%禾草杀星乳油每666.7m^2用量60ml，在亚麻出苗后20～30天喷雾，其鲜重防效分别为98.1%、87.1%和92.7%。上述药剂对亚麻安全无药害，一次用药能完全控制亚麻全生育期的杂草危害。 相似文献
11.
12.
Lakshman Lal 《Potato Research》1987,30(2):329-334
Summary The effects of the leaves of five plant species, one from each of the generaAmbrosia, Anemone, Eupatorium, Eucalyptus andLantana, on potato tuber moth were investigated under indigenous storage conditions at the Central Potato Research Station, Shillong
(1800 m above sea level). Their action was compared with that of a biological insecticide (spores ofBacillus thuringiensis), a chemical insecticide (carbaryl), and an untreated control. The data collected after six months storage on tuber damage,
sprout damage and the rotting indicated that the leaves ofLantana aculeata provided most protection to the tubers, reducing damage from over 70% in the check to below 5%, and sprout damage from over
45% to below 3%. Next best wasEucalyptus globulus followed byB. thuringiensis. They may be used on tubers stored for table use or for seed as they had no adverse effect on germination or on the yield
of a subsequent crop. 相似文献
13.
《Journal of Crop Improvement》2013,27(2):81-114
Summary The efficiency of N fertilizers is usually poor; often less than 50% of the applied N is taken up by the crop. This review focuses on various N fertilizers with respect to the significance of different N loss pathways, namely (i) ammonia volatilization, (ii) dinitrogen and nitrogen oxide emissions, and (iii) nitrate leaching. Further, the significance of biological N immobilization, ammonium fixation and, finally, the impact of nitrate vs. ammonium uptake on crop yield are also discussed. The reviewed literature shows that N fertilizers may differ markedly in their susceptibility to losses. There is, however, considerable scope to improve N efficiency of each N source by proper N management practices. 相似文献
14.
15.
M. I. Siri P. Villanueva M. J. Pianzzola L. Franco Fraguas G. Galván M. Acosta F. Ferreira 《Potato Research》2004,47(3-4):127-138
Summary The in vitro antimicrobial activity of extracts from accessions ofSolanum commersonii Dun. collected in the south of Uruguay was investigated against five microorganisms including the pathogenRalstonia solanacearum. A total of 30 extracts corresponding to organic and aqueous extracts were studied. Interestingly, most of the positive results
for growth inhibition were againstR. solanacearum. The extracts were also analyzed for the presence of glycoalkaloids and lectins. Six of the ten aqueous extracts showed lectin
presence and a wide variation in the type and amounts of glycoalkaloids, was found. Results indicate that there is no clear
relationship between the antimicrobial activity against the five microorganisms screened and the presence or amounts of lectins
and glycoalkaloids, traditionally regarded as possible antimicrobial metabolites in theSolanum genus, which indicates the presence of as yet unidentified antimicrobial compounds. 相似文献
16.
Novel food and non-food uses for sorghum and millets 总被引：4，自引：3，他引：4
Sorghum and millets have considerable potential in foods and beverages. As they are gluten-free they are suitable for coeliacs. Sorghum is also a potentially important source of nutraceuticals such antioxidant phenolics and cholesterol-lowering waxes. Cakes, cookies, pasta, a parboiled rice-like product and snack foods have been successfully produced from sorghum and, in some cases, millets. Wheat-free sorghum or millet bread remains the main challenge. Additives such as native and pre-gelatinised starches, hydrocolloids, fat, egg and rye pentosans improve bread quality. However, specific volumes are lower than those for wheat bread or gluten-free breads based on pure starches, and in many cases, breads tend to stale faster. Lager and stout beers with sorghum are brewed commercially. Sorghum's high-starch gelatinisation temperature and low beta-amylase activity remain problems with regard to complete substitution of barley malt with sorghum malt . The role of the sorghum endosperm matrix protein and cell wall components in limiting extract is a research focus. Brewing with millets is still at an experimental stage. Sorghum could be important for bioethanol and other bio-industrial products. Bioethanol research has focused on improving the economics of the process through cultivar selection, method development for low-quality grain and pre-processing to recover valuable by-products. Potential by-products such as the kafirin prolamin proteins and the pericarp wax have potential as bioplastic films and coatings for foods, primarily due to their hydrophobicity. 相似文献
17.
Alejandro Carlos Tozzini María Fernanda Ceriani María Verónica Saladrigas H. Esteban Hopp 《Potato Research》1991,34(3):317-324
Summary Clones derived from thirty-one different accessions (nineteen of Argentine origin) belonging to eightSolanum species were screened for resistance to infection by potato virus X strain cp (PVX cp) by mechanical inoculation of plantlets
that had been micropropagated in vitro. Estimates of PVX multiplication obtained by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay and
slot blot nucleic acid hybridization allowed the identification of resistant clones derived from five accessions belonging
toS. commersonii S. oplocense, S. sparsipilum andS. tuberosum andigena. Resistant genotypes supported PVX concentrations 5 to 15 times smaller than did the susceptible control cultivar Spunta.
Graft inoculation test confirmed the presence of extreme resistance similar to that conferred by the ‘immunity’ gene X1 (also called RXact). 相似文献
18.
Rita Favas Janaína Morone Rosrio Martins Vitor Vasconcelos Graciliana Lopes 《Marine drugs》2022,20(3)
The loss of density and elasticity, the appearance of wrinkles and hyperpigmentation are among the first noticeable signs of skin aging. Beyond UV radiation and oxidative stress, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) assume a preponderant role in the process, since their deregulation results in the degradation of most extracellular matrix components. In this survey, four cyanobacteria strains were explored for their capacity to produce secondary metabolites with biotechnological potential for use in anti-aging formulations. Leptolyngbya boryana LEGE 15486 and Cephalothrix lacustris LEGE 15493 from freshwater ecosystems, and Leptolyngbya cf. ectocarpi LEGE 11479 and Nodosilinea nodulosa LEGE 06104 from marine habitats were sequentially extracted with acetone and water, and extracts were analyzed for their toxicity in cell lines with key roles in the skin context (HaCAT, 3T3L1, and hCMEC). The non-toxic extracts were chemically characterized in terms of proteins, carotenoids, phenols, and chlorophyll a, and their anti-aging potential was explored through their ability to scavenge the physiological free radical superoxide anion radical (O2•−), to reduce the activity of the MMPs elastase and hyaluronidase, to inhibit tyrosinase and thus avoid melanin production, and to block UV-B radiation (sun protection factor, SPF). Leptolyngbya species stood out for anti-aging purposes: L. boryana LEGE 15486 presented a remarkable SPF of 19 (at 200 µg/mL), being among the best species regarding O2•− scavenging, (IC50 = 99.50 µg/mL) and also being able to inhibit tyrosinase (IC25 = 784 µg/mL), proving to be promising against UV-induced skin-aging; L. ectocarpi LEGE 11479 was more efficient in inhibiting MMPs (hyaluronidase, IC50 = 863 µg/mL; elastase, IC50 = 391 µg/mL), thus being the choice to retard dermal density loss. Principal component analysis (PCA) of the data allowed the grouping of extracts into three groups, according to their chemical composition; the correlation of carotenoids and chlorophyll a with MMPs activity (p < 0.01), O2•− scavenging with phenolic compounds (p < 0.01), and phycocyanin and allophycocyanin with SPF, pointing to these compounds in particular as responsible for UV-B blockage. This original survey explores, for the first time, the biotechnological potential of these cyanobacteria strains in the field of skin aging, demonstrating the promising, innovative, and multifactorial nature of these microorganisms. 相似文献
19.
Alejandro M. S. Mayer Abimael D. Rodríguez Orazio Taglialatela-Scafati Nobuhiro Fusetani 《Marine drugs》2013,11(7):2510-2573
The peer-reviewed marine pharmacology literature from 2009 to 2011 is presented in this review, following the format used in the 1998–2008 reviews of this series. The pharmacology of structurally-characterized compounds isolated from marine animals, algae, fungi and bacteria is discussed in a comprehensive manner. Antibacterial, antifungal, antiprotozoal, antituberculosis, and antiviral pharmacological activities were reported for 102 marine natural products. Additionally, 60 marine compounds were observed to affect the immune and nervous system as well as possess antidiabetic and anti-inflammatory effects. Finally, 68 marine metabolites were shown to interact with a variety of receptors and molecular targets, and thus will probably contribute to multiple pharmacological classes upon further mechanism of action studies. Marine pharmacology during 2009–2011 remained a global enterprise, with researchers from 35 countries, and the United States, contributing to the preclinical pharmacology of 262 marine compounds which are part of the preclinical pharmaceutical pipeline. Continued pharmacological research with marine natural products will contribute to enhance the marine pharmaceutical clinical pipeline, which in 2013 consisted of 17 marine natural products, analogs or derivatives targeting a limited number of disease categories. 相似文献
20.
Chitosan is considered to be one of the most promising and applicable materials in adsorption applications. The existence of amino and hydroxyl groups in its molecules contributes to many possible adsorption interactions between chitosan and pollutants (dyes, metals, ions, phenols, pharmaceuticals/drugs, pesticides, herbicides, etc.). These functional groups can help in establishing positions for modification. Based on the learning from previously published works in literature, researchers have achieved a modification of chitosan with a number of different functional groups. This work summarizes the published works of the last three years (2012–2014) regarding the modification reactions of chitosans (grafting, cross-linking, etc.) and their application to adsorption of different environmental pollutants (in liquid-phase). 相似文献