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过热蒸汽预处理对50 mm厚杨木锯材常规干燥的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
【目的】采用过热蒸汽预处理杨木锯材后进行常规干燥,探究过热蒸汽预处理对杨木锯材干燥速率、干燥质量和干燥时间的影响,以期提高杨木锯材干燥速率、缩短干燥周期、降低干燥能耗,为杨木锯材的高附加值利用提供技术依据。【方法】采用温度为110、120和125℃的过热蒸汽对初含水率100%~150%、规格900 mm×120 mm×50 mm(轴向×弦向×径向)的杨木锯材预处理5 h,之后进行常规干燥,分析过热蒸汽预处理对锯材含水率、应力、外观质量以及后期常规干燥速率的影响,依据国家标准对过热蒸汽预处理及未处理材常规干燥后的干燥质量进行评价。【结果】1)过热蒸汽预处理结果表明:预处理温度从110℃增加到125℃时,锯材含水率下降比例从59.26%增加到77.11%,含水率在较短时间内大幅度降低并接近木材纤维饱和点;预处理后锯材的残余应力较大,在2.71%~7.75%之间;锯材顺弯、横弯、翘曲和扭曲指标的干燥质量等级均为一级;锯材皱缩比例在25.00%~36.96%之间。2)常规干燥结果表明:经110、120和125℃过热蒸汽预处理后,锯材常规干燥速率较未处理材分别增大7.97%、16.23%和78.42%;从含水率和应力方面分析,过热蒸汽预处理材常规干燥后的干燥均匀度和厚度上的含水率偏差指标质量等级均达到一级,终含水率指标的质量等级为二级;锯材预处理过程中产生的残余应力在常规干燥过程中被释放,常规干燥后残余应力指标质量等级为二级;从外观干燥质量分析,预处理材常规干燥后的顺弯、横弯、翘曲和扭曲指标质量等级均达到一级;锯材在过热蒸汽预处理过程中产生的皱缩在常规干燥过程中部分得到恢复,常规干燥后锯材皱缩比例分别降低至28.60%、9.09%和15.00%。3)总干燥时间分析结果表明:与未处理材的常规干燥相比,110、120和125℃过热蒸汽预处理材的总干燥时间分别缩短了24.96%、44.22%和67.24%。【结论】过热蒸汽预处理可以显著降低杨木锯材的含水率,并提高杨木锯材常规干燥的干燥速率,缩短干燥时间。综合考虑杨木锯材干燥质量和干燥效率,50 mm厚杨木锯材过热蒸汽预处理温度以120℃较好。 相似文献
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以锯木屑为原料,采用蒸汽爆破进行预处理,然后酸催化提取糠醛.探讨了预处理温度、爆破压力、预处理时间及液料比等因素对糠醛得率的影响.采用响应面法建立二次回归模型,并对预处理工艺进行了优化.研究结果表明:预处理能有效的促进锯木屑的降解,提高糠醛的得率.在预处理温度为216℃、爆破压力1.8 MPa、预处理时间6min、液料比3∶1(mL∶g)时,糠醛的得率(79.13％)比相同条件下未进行蒸汽爆破预处理的试样(55.35％)提高了23.78个百分点. 相似文献
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为寻求南方珍贵阔叶树西南桦木材的最适干燥方法及工艺,采用百度试验法,研究了西南桦木材干燥特性,并通过测试干燥前后试材的色差变化、干燥后的干燥质量和物理力学性能等指标,分析比较了常规、降温、蒸煮预处理的常规和降温4种不同的干燥方法的干燥效果.结果表明:未进行蒸煮预处理的西南桦木材综合干燥特性为5级,处理材综合干燥特性为4级.4种方法干燥的试材平均终含水率均达到国家3级标准,厚度含水率偏差和应力指标均达到国家1级标准.干燥初期常规干燥较降温干燥的干燥速度稍慢,而中后期常规干燥较降温干燥快60%以上;处理材的干燥速度较未处理材约快1倍.对西南桦木材而言蒸煮预处理的常规干燥是较为适合的干燥方法. 相似文献
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蒸汽爆破-乙醇蒸煮两步法预处理对麦秆结构的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
对麦秆采用先蒸汽爆破后乙醇蒸煮的两步法进行预处理,研究预处理对麦秆组分及结构变化的影响。蒸汽爆破过程实验条件选取200 g绝干麦秆,压力1.75 MPa和时间3.5 min。乙醇预处理过程选取80 g蒸汽爆破麦秆(绝干),55%乙醇,两者固液比1∶5(g∶mL),温度170℃、时间30 min。通过高效液相色谱法测定,预处理最终产物组分中半纤维素降低89%左右,木质素降低35%左右。采用红外光谱、纤维形态分布分析及SEM分析对预处理过程中麦秆结构变化情况进行研究,结果表明:蒸汽爆破过程破坏了半纤维素酯键连接且半纤维素降解非常明显,但对纤维素链结构影响和降解作用相对较低;麦秆经过蒸汽爆破预处理后,纤维平均长度明显降低,而平均宽度却显著增加;再经乙醇预处理后纤维平均长度基本保持不变,但平均宽度降低;经两步预处理后麦秆纤维的天然物理结构由紧密到蓬松,纤维束呈松散状态且纤维表面基本无碎片附着物,利于后续加工利用。 相似文献
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Tomy Listyanto Keisuke Ando Hidefumi Yamauchi Nobuaki Hattori 《Journal of Wood Science》2013,59(4):282-289
To investigate the effect of CO2 laser incising under five drying methods on drying characteristics of Sugi lumber, the squares (120 mm × 120 mm) of Sugi lumber with length of 650 mm were used. A half of samples were incised by CO2 laser with incising density of 2,500 holes/m2. Five types of drying methods were used: microwave drying, steam injection drying, and three combinations of microwave heating and steam injection drying. Steam injection drying was conducted by injecting superheated steam of 120 °C through a perforated plate heated to 140 °C of an injection press. Microwave was irradiated with the power of 3 kW at frequency of 2.45 GHz. The results indicated that incising helps heat through a specimen and thus the whole temperature raised rapidly, which was up to threefolds compared to that of no-incised one. Incised specimens dried by a combination of microwave heating for 1 h and steam injection showed the highest drying rate, which was up to 5.3 %/h. Incising and microwave heating contributed positively to dry lumber under more uniform distribution of moisture content and to reduce surface and internal checks. Incised specimen dried by microwave showed the most uniform distribution of moisture content without surface and internal checks. 相似文献
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对刨光后发生弯曲的厚度为３０ｍｍ的柞木刨光材进行回窑处理试验。试验结果表明，采用ＣＬＺ型侧风干燥窑在指接干球温度７０℃，平衡含水率１４．７％的干燥介质条件下，维持该干燥介质条件１７ｈ后，使弯曲的柞木刨光材基本恢复了平直。 相似文献
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The technology of steam explosion was applied to pre-treat sub-alpine fir (Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt.) lumber and to improve its drying characteristics. Effects of steam explosion on the appearance and structure of the lumber are discussed in this paper. The structure of the wood was examined using light microscope (LM) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). The following results were obtained. With increasing temperature, pressure, and explosion cycles the color of the lumber darkened gradually. No significant structural difference between treated and untreated samples was observed using LM when the treatments were carried out at temperatures below 130°C with ten explosion cycles (group A or B). Some fractures were observed in bordered pit pairs between tracheids after 20 explosion cycles at 130°C (group C). More fractures occurred in bordered pit pairs between earlywood tracheids at a temperature of 160°C (group D). More or less fractures in pits between ray parenchyma cells and earlywood tracheids were observed using SEM in all four cases of treatments. Although no change in bordered pits in the tracheid walls between group A and the control group was discovered, groups B, C, and D showed different extents of ruptures in bordered pits, which may lead to break aspirated pits and improve permeability. In these groups, wrinkles and separations in the inner tracheid walls and detachments in middle lamella also occurred and became more serious as temperature or cycles of the treatment increased. 相似文献
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小径级柞木干燥试验结果表明:在干燥初期干球温度为35℃、干燥末期干球温度为70℃、干燥周期中进行两次中间处理和末期终了处理、干燥周期为15 d的工艺条件下,板材干燥前总平均含水率41.6%,干燥结束后总平均含水率11.7%,板材厚度上含水率偏差<3%;干燥结束后伸长应力和压缩应力甚微,板材表面的颜色轻微变暗,除髓心材和水纹材有少数裂纹和轻微变形外,其余木材并没有发生翘曲、变形、开裂等干燥缺陷,干燥质量满足了GB6491—86《国家锯材干燥质量标准》二级以上的指标要求。本次试验确定的干燥工艺满足了小径级柞木板材的干燥工艺要求。 相似文献
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对40 mm厚杉木锯材制定两个高温干燥工艺并进行试验研究,检测和分析干燥周期、干燥速率、锯材干燥质量等指标。干燥工艺I采用高温湿空气进行干燥;干燥工艺II在干燥前期高含水率阶段采用过热蒸汽条件,干燥后期低含水率阶段采用高温湿空气进行干燥。结果显示:两个干燥工艺在各阶段的干燥速率差异明显,干燥前期工艺II的干燥速率为1.30%/h,较工艺I低约37.2%;但干燥后期工艺II的干燥速率为1.89%/h,较工艺I高约70.27%。干燥工艺II可以有效避免锯材内裂的发生,干燥质量满足GB/T 6491—2012《锯材干燥质量》二级材的指标要求,干燥效率提高。 相似文献
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以硬阔叶材柞木为研究对象，通过研究预热处理时间对锯材干燥质量和干燥速度的影响为制定节能预处理干燥工艺提供依据。结果表明：在相同条件下，25 mm厚的柞木锯材经常规预热处理（预热3.25 h）与预热2 h的干燥速度之间没有明显差异；预热2 h的锯材干燥质量能够达到GB/T 6491-2012《锯材干燥质量》规定的二级标准。 相似文献
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Steam conditioning of softwood boards after kiln drying is of critical importance for relief of residual drying stresses
and to improve distribution of final moisture content. The conditioning practice in New Zealand includes two steps: immediately
after high temperature (HT) drying the load is cooled until the core wood temperature is 75 to 90°C, and then the stack is
steam conditioned for a period of 1 to 4 hours depending on the lumber thickness and moisture content after drying. In this
work, experimental and theoretical studies were performed to better understand the conditioning process and to investigate
factors which influence its effectiveness. In the experiment, 50 mm thick Pinus radiata sapwood boards were first dried at 120/70°C for 11, 12, 13, 16 and 18 hours, respectively, to varying moisture contents,
and then cooled and steam conditioned for 1 hour. To assess the effectiveness of conditioning, moisture pick-up, moisture
gradient, and transverse residual drying stress (indicated by cup and strain) were measured. It was found that drying wood
to a low moisture content (below 6%) increased the conditioning effectiveness. A separate matched stack was conditioned for
4 hours after 13 hours drying which showed better results than 1 hour conditioning. A mathematical model for wood drying was
extended to include both the cooling and conditioning phases. The model was numerically solved to examine the wood temperature
and moisture content changes during the whole process of drying, cooling and final steam conditioning. Increase in wood temperature,
moisture pickup and moisture gradient during steam conditioning were predicted and validated by the experimental data. This
information is currently being used at the New Zealand Forest Research Institute in simulation of stress development and relief
for drying of Pinus radiata lumber.
Received 6 July 1998 相似文献
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通过NS(一种化学药剂)改性落叶松材和素材在相同干燥基准下干燥速度和干燥质量的对比试验,研究了Ns改性对落叶松材干燥性能的影响。结果表明:NS改性可显著改善落叶松材的干燥性能,40mm厚板材平均干燥速度可提高48％以上,各项干燥质量指标均高于国家二级标准,完全可满足家具等生产的需要。 相似文献