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1.
长期施肥褐土不同磷组分对磷素盈余的响应 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:2
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13C示踪是精准量化植物碳源贡献土壤碳的有效途径。为建立经济适用的甘蔗13C脉冲标记方法,同时获得13C富集蔗叶,本研究采用自制全密闭标记室进行标记试验,供试甘蔗品种为桂糖58号,设置0(CK)、0.32(T1)、0.64(T2)和1.28 g·m-3(T3)4个Na213CO3标记浓度,每隔7 d进行6 h的13CO2脉冲标记,共标记6次。于第6次脉冲标记开始及结束后采集标记室内气体,测定CO2浓度和δ13C-CO2。并于第2、第4和第6次标记7 d后破坏性采集植株,测定蔗叶和根系δ13C值及全碳和N、P、K含量,计算蔗叶和根系13C标记效率。结果表明,在密闭标记时间内,外源释放的13CO2 95%以上被甘蔗光合作用利用。蔗叶δ... 相似文献
3.
Xin-Tao He Frank J. Stevenson Richard L. Mulvaney Kenneth R. Kelley 《Soil biology & biochemistry》1988,20(6):857-862
Studies were conducted on an 15N-enriched Illinois Mollisol (Flanagan silt loam) to determine the extractability of newly immobilized N with aqueous phenol (45%, v/v). In comparison to mild extradants proposed as indexes of plant available N (i.e. 10 mw NaHCO3 and hot 10 m
CaCl2), phenol showed the highest selectivity for the immobilized N, both with regard to the amount of biomass N extracted and the magnitude of the extractability ratio (ER). Aqueous phenol was also more selective in removing the immobilized N than reagents used for extraction of soil organic matter (i.e. 150 m
Na4P2O7 and 100 m
KOH). Results with soils incubated for up to 120 days showed that the amount of 15N extracted with aqueous phenol fluctuated with time and was related to changes in the soil microbial population, e.g. ER was highest when the bacterial population was maximal. Aqueous phenol shows promise as a selective extradant of potentially-available (labile) organic N in soils. 相似文献
4.
不同降水年型下小麦产量、品质及水分利用效率对有机无机肥配施的响应 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1
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吉林春玉米氮磷钾养分需求与利用效率研究 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
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Stability of humus in the plow layer soil is considered to affect the quantity and quality of dissolved organic matter leached from the plow layer soil. Therefore, a model experiment was conducted to analyze the effect of soil reduction under submerged conditions on the stability of humus in the plow layer soil. The changes in the stability of humus in the plow layer soil during submerged incubations with and without rice straw application were evaluated based on the changes in the binding type of humus. Binding type of humus in the plow layer soil was analyzed by successive extractions of organic matter with water, 0.25 M Na2SO4, 0.1 M Na4P2O7 (pH 7.0), 0.1 M Na4P2O7 (pH 10.5), and 0.1 M Na4P2O7 (pH 10.5) with NaBH4. Amounts of Fe, Mn, and Mg in each fraction were also determined to estimate the relationships between humus and metals. The successive extraction of humus indicated that the amount of organic carbon which was extractable with the (NaBH4 +0.1 M Na4P2O7) solution decreased while that of the 0.1 M Na4P2O7 (pH 7.0}-extractable organic carbon increased during submerged incubation with rice straw application. The origin of the increase in the amount of organic carbon in the Na4P2O7 (pH 7.0)-extractable fraction during submerged incubation was investigated further by another incubation experiment using 13C-glucose as a reducing agent. Atom- 13C% analysis showed that the contribution of organic carbon derived from compounds other than glucose to the increase in the contents of humic acids and fulvic acids in the Na4P2O7 (pH 7.0)-extractable fractions was ca. 80%. Therefore, it was concluded that the binding type of humus changed from (NaBH4 + Na4P2O7)-extractable to Na4P2O7 (pH 7.0)-extractable humus under reducing conditions. Since the amounts of organic carbon and Fe increased in the Na4P2O7 (pH 7.0)-extractable fraction and decreased in the (NaBH4 +0.1 M Na4P2O7)-extractable fraction simultaneously, iron reduction was presumably associated with the change in the binding type of humus in submerged paddy soil. 相似文献
7.
为实现海河流域农田增效减负和氮素利用率的提高,通过设置不同氮磷化肥减量配施菌肥与有机肥处理,即对照(N 200 kg·hm-2,P2O5120 kg·hm-2,CK)、B1N2P2(菌肥17.5 kg·hm-2,N、P2O5均较CK减量25%)、B1ON1P1(菌肥1为7.5 kg·hm-2,有机肥为3 t·hm-2, N、P2O5均较CK减量50%)、B2N2P2(菌肥2为7.5 kg·hm-2,N、P2O5均较CK减量25%)、B2ON1P1(菌肥2为7.5 kg·hm-2,有机肥为3 t·hm-2,N、P2O5均较CK减量50%)。研究夏玉米各生育期的土壤氮素矿化特征和利用情况以及夏玉米产量构成因素。结果表明,菌肥和有机肥配施显著增加了土壤氮矿化量,在拔节期和抽雄期尤为明显,B1ON1P1的氮矿化量较B1N2P2分别高出151.29%、120.09%,B2ON1P1的氮矿化量较B2N2P2分别高出56.28%和245.04%。菌肥与中量化肥组合能促进玉米增产,菌肥1和菌肥2较对照分别增产9.01%和7.94%,B1N2P2的产量和穗粒数最高,产量达9 960.24 kg·hm-2,穗粒数较CK高出29.99%,B2N2P2的千粒重较CK高出2.28%;菌肥的施用能明显减少玉米的秃尖长度,以B2N2P2的降幅最大,较CK减少了73.29%。菌肥1能提高玉米氮素生理利用率和氮素收获指数,B1N2P2的吸氮总量明显高于B1ON1P1,这与产量构成因素是一致的。综上,化肥减量25%并配施菌肥能维持稳定的氮矿化量并提高产量及其构成因素。本研究为海河流域农田氮素科学管理和减少因过量施肥而造成的农业面源污染提供了理论依据。 相似文献
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氮磷钾配施对玛咖产量和品质的影响及肥料效应 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
为探究玛咖优质高效种植的合理施肥量和施肥配方,本研究采用“3414”随机区组设计开展田间小区试验,测定玛咖植株农艺性状、产量和品质性状等指标,通过拟合肥料效应函数方程并结合品质性状确定氮、磷、钾施肥量。结果表明,氮磷钾的合理配施能不同程度促进玛咖地上部和地下部的生长,提高其产量和品质,其中N2P2K2(N:P2O5:K2O=8:6:8)的玛咖地下部农艺性状、产量、玛咖烯、芥子油苷和灰分含量最高;氮、磷、钾3种元素对玛咖产量存在明显的互作效应,表现为N2P2K2施肥水平有利于氮、磷、钾肥效的发挥;通过田间小区试验得出玛咖最高理论产量为9 346.95 kg·hm-2。综合肥料三因素、产量和品质分析得出,N2P2K2的玛咖产量最高、品质最好。最高产量的氮磷钾施肥用量为N:P2O5:K2O=120.71:92.16:144.22 kg·hm-2,产量达到8 577.35 kg·hm-2;经济最佳产量的氮磷钾施肥用量为N:P2O5:K2O=120.58:91.76:143.35 kg·hm-2,产量达到8 577.29 kg·hm-2。本研究结果为指导和规范玛咖的施肥技术提供了理论依据。 相似文献
9.
基于川麦冬活性成分高和重金属含量低的有机无机肥最佳配施方案 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
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氮、磷肥对蓖麻吸收积累矿区土壤铜的影响 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
12.
三元非结构肥效模型提高水稻施肥推荐的可靠性 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
【目的】针对三元二次多项式肥效模型的设定偏误和多重共线性危害导致建模成功率低的问题,研发三元非结构肥效模型,扩大模型适用性。【方法】在福建省平和县和仙游县选择了13个水稻氮磷钾田间肥效试验结果作为研究案例。田间试验均采用"3414"设计方案,即:1) N_0P_0K_0;2) N_0P_2K_2;3) N_1P_2K_2;4) N_2P_0K_2;5)N_2P_1K_2;6) N_2P_2K_2;7) N_2P_3K_2;8) N_2P_2K_0;9) N_2P_2K_1;10) N_2P_2K_3;11) N_3P_2K_2;12) N_1P_1K_2;13) N_1P_2K_1;14)N_2P_1K_1。其中,"2"水平为试验前当地氮磷钾推荐施肥量,"0"水平表示不施肥,"1"水平和"3"水平的施肥量分别为"2"水平的50%和150%。在一元非结构肥效模型基础上,利用氮磷钾田间肥效试验结果,在每个试验点分别构建了三元二次多项式肥效模型和三元非结构肥效模型。利用已有的668个水稻"3414"田间试验结果,比较验证了两种模型的拟合效果和推荐施肥量的可靠性。【结果】在构建的13个三元二次多项式肥效模型中,有2个模型的结果未达到统计显著水平,3个肥效模型属于非典型式,而构建的13个三元非结构肥效模型均得到了典型式。通过668个水稻氮磷钾田间肥效试验结果验证表明,三元二次多项式肥效模型未能通过显著性检验的比例达到30.1%,而三元非结构肥效模型未能通过的比例下降到23.4%。在推荐施肥量外推的非典型式中,三元二次多项式肥效模型的比例为4.0%,而三元非结构肥效模型则提高到30.7%。在系数符号不合理和无最高产量点的两种非典型式类型中,三元二次多项式肥效模型的比例分别达到32.3%和14.4%,而三元非结构肥效模型则分别降低到6.9%和0。三元二次多项式肥效模型的典型式比例仅为19.5%,而三元非结构肥效模型典型式比例则提高到39.1%,是前者的2.0倍,明显提高了田间试验结果的建模成功率。【结论】大样本田间试验充分证明,相比三元二次多项式肥效模型,采用三元非结构肥效模型进行早、中、晚稻推荐施肥,提高了建模的成功效率和模型的实用性,是可靠性更高的模型。 相似文献
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长期不同施肥下褐土养分及酶活性的生态化学计量特征 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
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为探讨高温胁迫下硒硫互作对西兰花芽苗生理及萝卜硫素代谢的影响,以西兰花籽粒为试验材料,经单独喷施硫酸锌(ZnSO4)、亚硒酸钠(Na2SeO3)、二者联合喷施、以及结合高温胁迫下喷施处理,分析发芽期间西兰花芽苗主要生理生化指标并利用荧光定量PCR技术分析萝卜硫素代谢关键酶基因表达的变化。结果表明,单独施用Na2SeO3可显著增加芽长和芽苗单株鲜重(P<0.05),有效缓解高温及ZnSO4对西兰花芽苗生长发育的抑制作用;发芽期间,相较单独喷施ZnSO4处理,西兰花芽苗经高温后联合喷施ZnSO4及Na2SeO3处理,其硒元素含量、总抗氧化能力、硫代葡萄糖苷含量、黑介子酶活性、异硫氰酸酯含量、萝卜硫素含量均显著提高(P<0.05),其中萝卜硫素含量相较单独喷施ZnSO4处理增加了39%。高温联合ZnSO4及Na2SeO3处理4 d的芽苗中MYB28、UGT74B1及ST5b基因表达量均较对照显著上调,而BoHMT1显著下调(P<0.05)。综上所述,西兰花芽苗经高温联合硒硫处理是富集萝卜硫素的有效方式,该研究结果为生产富含萝卜硫素的功能性芽苗菜提供了理论依据和技术支撑。 相似文献
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Organic matter was extracted with pyrophosphate-NaOH buffer, pH 8.0 from the 02 horizon of a hardwood forest and exposed to 15S-methionine for 18 h to allow the incorporation of the aminoacid into the extract. Compared with other amendments, supplementation of the incorporation medium with Na2SO4 yielded the highest recoveries of the labelled organic matter. This material was chemically recalcitrant, requiring treatment for 6 h at 121°C with 6
NaOH for complete release of the incorporated methionine. A and B horizon soils from several forests were exposed to labelled material following dialysis to remove unlabelled components and a minor 35S-labeIled component. All samples began to release 35S-methionine after 48 h. Further metabolism of this amino-acid included mineralization and conversion to cysteine. A portion of the sulfate-S generated from mineralization was incorporated into organic matter and was recovered only by acid and alkali extraction. 35S-labelled methionine and cysteine were also found in these latter fractions, indicating that these amino-acids had been directly incorporated into organic material during exposure. 相似文献
16.
The relationships of pH to Mn concentrations in equilibrium soil solutions of strongly acid soils (pH < 4.5) were studied. The values of Mn concentrations did not conform to the solubility relationships of MnO2, Mn2O3 or Mn(OH)3. On the othr hand, a significant relationship between pMn and exchangeable Mn (r = 0.636**, N =43) was observed. This suggest that the levels of Mn in solution are primarily controlled by exchangeable Mn in response to pH changes.
Mineral soil samples when air-dried showed a 1.5 to more than 8-fold increase in amounts of NH4Cl-extractable Mn. This increase was not observed in soil samples rich in organic matter (> 5% organic carbon), thus excluding the possibility of release of Mn from the organic fraction of the soil. The increase is considered a consequence of increased solubility of Mn-oxides. 相似文献
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叶面过量施硒对玉米产量、硒和矿质营养元素含量的影响 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
为了明确过量施硒对作物生长的毒害效应,为合理施用硒肥提供依据,本研究在田间条件下探究了叶面过量施硒对糯玉米京科糯2000和普通玉米郑单958两个品种产量、硒含量和矿质营养元素含量的影响。结果表明,叶面喷硒量(亚硒酸钠)≤0.2 g·L-1时,京科糯2000植株生物量和籽粒产量与对照(不喷硒)相比持平或略有增加,未表现出毒害效应;京科糯2000在叶面喷硒量≥0.5 g·L-1时,郑单958在叶面喷硒量≥0.1 g·L-1时,其植株生物量和籽粒产量均明显降低;随着叶面喷硒浓度的增加,两品种玉米籽粒硒含量均逐步增加,郑单958产量和籽粒硒含量的变化幅度高于京科糯2000。叶面喷硒可显著提高玉米籽粒锌和铁的吸收量,对铜、磷、镁和钙的吸收基本无影响,但抑制硼的吸收。总体来看,过量施硒抑制2个不同品种玉米生长,造成产量下降,但可提高籽粒硒、锌和铁的营养水平。本研究对玉米微量元素营养调控具有一定的借鉴指导意义。 相似文献
18.
Metal binding with root exudates of low molecular weight 总被引:20,自引:1,他引:20
Root exudates were collected from maize plants ( Zea mays L .), grown under sterile and hydroponic conditions. Exudates of low molecular weight were isolated by filtration and dialysis (MW 1000) of the nutrient solution and analysed. Metal binding properties of the exudates were investigated at 25°C in 0.1 m NaCIO4 ionic medium, using a potentiometric method. The total acidity of the exudates and the successive stability constants of complexes formed with Cu2+ , Pb2+ and Zn2+ were determined.
Sugars and organic acids were the major components of the exudates. Measured total acidity was resolved into strong (5.85meq g−1 C), weak (2.10meq g−1 C) and very weak (2.20 meq g−1 C) acidities. Mono-complexes were formed with Cu, Pb and Zn and bis-complexes with Cu. At pH 5, stability constants followed the order Cu>Pb>Zn. 相似文献
Sugars and organic acids were the major components of the exudates. Measured total acidity was resolved into strong (5.85meq g
19.
【目的】研究三江源区高寒草甸牧草对不同形态氮素的吸收利用和残留氮素在土壤中的去向及分配,以期为制定三江源区高寒草甸草场养分科学添加方案提供理论依据。【方法】于2020年6月至2021年9月,在青海省称多县高寒草甸试验站开展15N田间微区示踪试验,试验设置3个不同氮素形态处理,分别为(15NH4)2SO4、Ca(15NO3)2、CO(15NH2)2,各处理的氮素施用量均为N 300 kg/hm2。分析了施肥当年和次年不同形态氮素在高寒草甸牧草地上部、地下部中的含量,及在0—15、15—30 cm土层土壤中的去向及分配。【结果】1)在施肥当年,与Ca(15NO3)2、(15NH4)2SO4<... 相似文献
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持绿和早衰花生品种根系形态、叶片生理及产量对叶面喷施磷肥的响应 总被引:3,自引:1,他引:2