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【目的】施氮可增强磷富集植物的磷积累能力,研究施氮对磷富集植物根际生物化学特性的影响,为解析氮素营养促进磷富集植物修复磷过剩土壤提供科学依据。【方法】以磷富集植物矿山生态型粗齿冷水花(ME)为试验材料,以非矿山生态型(NME)为对照。采用土培盆栽试验,分别设施氮(N) 0和140 mg/kg,施磷(P) 0、400、800、1200 mg/kg,共组成8个氮磷组合处理。分析植株地上部和地下部磷含量,根际和非根际土壤磷组分、酶活性和微生物活性的变化。【结果】1)在高磷处理下,两种生态型粗齿冷水花的生长和磷吸收受到抑制,而施氮提高了两种生态型植株对高磷的耐性,增加了其生物量和磷积累量;相比不施氮,施氮处理下ME地上部生物量和磷积累量最大增幅分别为72.5%和78.7%,NME最大增幅分别为80.1%和125.6%。施氮处理下,ME地上部生物量和磷积累量在施磷800 mg/kg时最大,分别为27.2 g/plant和193.8 mg/plant,且显著高于相同处理下的NME,分别是NME的1.18和1.24倍。2)施氮可提高两种生态型植株根际土壤水溶性磷和NaHCO3提... 相似文献
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施氮提高矿山生态型水蓼富集土壤磷能力研究 总被引:4,自引:2,他引:2
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高磷对矿山生态型水蓼磷富集特性的影响 总被引:3,自引:3,他引:0
采用土培试验,以磷富集植物矿山生态型水蓼为研究对象,研究了高磷条件下(P 800 mg/kg)矿山生态型水蓼4周、 8周、 12周的磷富集特性,为利用矿山生态型水蓼提取土壤或水体中过量的磷, 防治磷的非点源污染提供理论依据。结果表明, 1)高磷处理下,矿山生态型水蓼根干重在4周、 8周、 12周时分别为不施磷处理的4.50、 8.12、 3.17倍;茎干重分别为不施磷处理的6.83、 11.47、 15.14倍;叶干重分别为不施磷处理的5.77、 10.49、 7.11倍。矿山生态型水蓼生物量在12周达到最大,增加幅度明显高于非矿山生态型。2)高磷处理下,矿山生态型水蓼各器官磷含量明显高于不施磷处理,且随着生长期延长逐渐降低。矿山生态型水蓼磷富集系数均大于1,且在高磷处理下高于非矿山生态型。各生长期下,矿山生态型磷迁移率均大于50%,且在高磷处理下分别为不施磷处理的1.21、 1.21、 1.20倍。矿山生态型水蓼地下部与地上部磷积累量在12周时,分别达到 9.76、 105.12 mg/plant, DW,为非矿山生态型的2.29、 3.29倍。 3)矿山生态型水蓼根系酸性磷酸酶活性在8周时达到峰值,在4周和8周时表现为高磷处理大于不施磷处理且显著高于非矿山生态型(P0.05)。而植酸酶活性随生长期延长逐渐降低,在12周时表现为高磷处理大于不施磷处理且高于非矿山生态型。表明在高磷处理下,矿山生态型水蓼对磷具有较强的吸收和积累能力,是一种理想稳定的磷富集材料。 相似文献
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不同磷水平对红壤溶液中锰、铝、镁和钙浓度变化以及小麦生长的影响 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
为了探明不同磷水平对红壤中土壤溶液主要金属离子变化的影响以及小麦对磷的响应,确定红壤中小麦适宜的施磷水平,采用原位提取土壤溶液和比较生物量的方法,监测了短期内红壤溶液中主要金属离子浓度变化及小麦生物量的变化。结果表明:碳酸钙的加入可以显著升高酸性红壤的p H,土壤溶液中铝、锰和镁浓度显著低于未加碳酸钙处理;800 mg/kg磷处理后铝、锰、镁和钙的浓度要比未加磷处理分别至少降低47%、44%、37%和33%。随着施磷量的增加,小麦在200 mg/kg磷处理时积累的生物量最大,随后磷增加,小麦生物量反而降低。而加碳酸钙处理小麦地下部生物量随着施磷量增加则降低。结果表明碳酸钙不仅可以有效升高土壤p H,降低土壤溶液铝浓度,还降低土壤溶液中锰的浓度。磷的加入同样可以降低锰和铝的浓度,缓解铝和锰毒害。红壤中生长小麦的适宜施磷量为200 mg/kg。 相似文献
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以玉米为试验材料,采用分根装置(设置A、B根室),研究了不同锌水平下局部施磷或整体施磷对玉米生长以及锌、磷含量的影响。试验设置3个磷水平(0、100、200 mg/kg,分别记为P0、P100、P200),两个锌水平(0、5 mg/kg,分别记为Zn0、Zn5)。玉米生长40 d后收获,测定其地上部与地下部生物量、磷、锌元素含量。结果显示,无锌供应条件下,所有处理地上部和地下部的生物量随施磷水平的提高而显著增加,供锌处理后,生物量变化也有相同的趋势。局部施磷导致施磷一侧地下部生物量显著增加。玉米植株磷含量会随施磷水平的提高而增加,而锌含量呈相反的变化趋势。供锌条件下,供磷(P100、P200)一侧(B室)相对未供磷(P0)一侧(A室)锌含量分别显著降低了16.7%和16.1%;不供锌条件下,锌含量分别降低了13.1%和19.9%。玉米植株锌吸收量与根部生物量(B室)的比值随施磷水平的增加呈下降趋势,且相对于均匀施磷,局部施磷条件导致B室的这一比值显著降低。局部施磷方式加剧了磷对锌的拮抗作用,抑制了根对锌的吸收,同时磷水平的提高抑制锌由地下部向地上部转运;磷、锌拮抗作用的发生是玉米植株的整体反应,而非只发生在局部。 相似文献
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采用室内盆栽试验,研究了在不同浓度cd处理下,两种生态型水蜈蚣的生长和对cd的吸收和富集特性。结果表明:(1)在2mg·kg^-1Cd处理时,Cd对两种生态型水蜈蚣生物量的影响较小。之后随着cd处理浓度的增加,两种生态型水蜈蚣生物量均呈降低的趋势,且差异显著。在200mg·kg^-1Cd处理时,矿山生态型水蜈蚣死亡,而非矿山生态型仍能维持一定生长,表现出较强的cd耐性。(2)在高浓度cd处理下,非矿山生态型水蜈蚣比矿山生态型具有更强的Cd富集能力。在2、10、50mg·kg^-1Cd处理时,两种生态型水蜈蚣Cd含量和积累量均呈增加的趋势。在200mg·kg^-1Cd处理时,非矿山生态型水蜈蚣地上部和地下部Cd含量分别达到498.66mg·kg^-1和1016.09mg·kg^-1,积累量分别为86.00μg·pot^-1和123.82μg·pot^-1,具有较强的cd富集能力。(3)在不同浓度Cd处理下,两种生态型水蜈蚣地上部富集系数均大于1,表现出较强的cd富集能力;矿山生态型水蜈蚣转移系数最大值为0.55,非矿山生态型为0.53。两种生态型水蜈蚣对cd均有一定的富集特性,而在高浓度Cd处理时非矿山生态型水蜈蚣的cd富集能力更强。 相似文献
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The use of suitable plants that can accumulate excess phosphorus (P) from contaminated soil may serve as an attractive method for phytoremediation. In this study, pot experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of P incorporation on P accumulation and physiological mechanisms of Polygonum hydropiper in a mining ecotype (ME) and nonmining ecotype (NME) from a phosphorus mining and a noncontaminated agricultural area, respectively. The results demonstrate that the ME of P. hydropiper growing in soil supplied with 0, 100, 200, 400, 800, 1600 mg P (kg soil)–1 showed a significantly higher biomass compared to the NME. Phosphorus accumulation of the ME was positively correlated with the soil P concentration. APase activity in roots of the ME significantly increased at 1600 mg P (kg soil)–1 and phytase activity of the ME increased with increasing P supply. APase activity of the ME was more than twice that of the NME on average. A significant increase of superoxide dismutase (SOD) was observed compared with the NME at all supplied P levels. Peroxidase (POD) activity of the ME was significantly higher at 200 and 400 mg P (kg soil)–1. No statistical differences in the catalase (CAT) activity of the ME were observed compared with the control. Activity of CAT in the NME was obviously induced after exposure to 100–800 mg P (kg soil)–1. Malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration in leaves of the ME decreased with increasing P supply to reach a minimum at 400 mg P (kg soil)–1. In the NME, an increase in MDA concentration compared to the control was observed at higher P levels. The APase and phytase induction and antioxidative defense allowed for the high P accumulation of the ME. 相似文献
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This study investigated phosphorus (P) accumulation and rhizosphere characteristics of Polygonum hydropiper under high levels (400, 800, and 1600 mg P kg?1) of inorganic P (Pi) and organic P (Po), supplied as KH2PO4 and myo-inositol hexaphosphoric acid dodecasodium salt, respectively. Mining (ME) and non-mining (NME) ecotypes were used since they differed in the capacity of nutrient acquisition. Biomass and P accumulation in shoots and roots of the ME increased by increasing Pi levels, whereas they decreased by increasing Po concentrations. Rhizosphere pH declined by 0.15–0.45 U for the ME and 0.04–0.14 U for the NME. Orthophosphate was the most abundant form, and it depleted greatly in the rhizosphere, with higher effect by the ME than by the NME. Glycerophosphate and inositol hexakisphosphate concentrations increased in the rhizosphere under high Po treatments with higher effect by the ME than by the NME. Rhizosphere acid phosphomonoesterase, alkaline phosphomonoesterase, and phytase activities of both ecotypes were higher in high P treatments than the treatment without P, whereas phosphodiesterase activity decreased. Significantly higher enzyme activities were observed in the rhizosphere soil of the ME than the NME. Probably, the ME might obtain higher shoot P than the NME from P-enriched soils through changes in rhizosphere properties. 相似文献
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Water eutrophication and poultry manure require an efficacious remediation technology to decrease phosphorous (P) concentration. In this study, the P phytoremediation potential of a mining (ME) and nonmining ecotype (NME) of Pilea sinofasciata were analyzed by pot experiments employing different concentrations of P treatments (CK, P100, P200, P400, P800 and P1600) in tested soil. Growth, P accumulation and P-relevant enzyme activities of P. sinofasciata in ME and NME were assessed after 10 weeks’ plantation. The results showed that there was no significant difference between the shoot biomass of the ME and NME. Higher P concentration and accumulation were observed in the ME than NME for all treatments. Stem P concentration of the ME were 117%, 189%, 152%, 153%, 140% and 139% higher than the NME, and leaf P concentration were 122%, 146%, 138%, 144%, 137% and 113%. Maximum P uptake and phytoextraction was observed at P400 for the ME of P. sinofasciata. Elevated activities of acid phosphatase and phytase in roots were examined in P-enriched soil, and the ME presented higher activities compared with the NME. The results in this paper provide a theoretical basis for the use of ME of P. sinofasciata for phosphorus accumulators and suggest that ME of P. sinofasciata is a promising species for the excess P phytoextraction of P-enriched soils. 相似文献
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植物生长及养分利用特征可揭示半干旱区植物对多变水肥环境条件的适应策略。在白羊草分蘖期设置2个供水条件(正常供水和干旱胁迫21天后复水)和2个磷添加水平(复水当日1 kg干土添加0,0.2 g P_2O_5),2周后测定其根冠生物量、根系形态以及氮磷含量。结果表明,旱后复水条件下,磷添加后白羊草根冠生物量、总生物量和根冠比无显著变化,总根长和根表面积显著增加27.1%和24.1%,比根长和比根面积分别显著增加18.3%和15.9%,根系平均直径显著降低1.3%;白羊草地上部、根系和整株磷含量分别显著增加61.1%,35.8%和49.6%,磷累积量分别显著增加68.6%,52.0%和61.3%,氮磷比显著降低。除地上部氮累积量外,各水分和磷处理下白羊草地上部、根系和整株氮磷累积量与总根长和根表面积呈显著正相关关系。本研究表明,根长和根表面积增加是白羊草响应水肥环境条件改善的主要策略。 相似文献