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1.
喷头类型对植保无人机低容量喷雾雾滴在稻田冠层沉积分布及防治效果的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为减少植保无人机施药过程中的雾滴飘移,提高农药有效沉积率,选用多旋翼植保无人机探讨喷头类型和添加迈飞助剂对10%溴氰虫酰胺可分散油悬浮剂喷雾雾滴的沉积分布及其防治水稻二化螟Chilo suppressalis效果的影响。结果表明：IDK120-01型喷头+1.0%迈飞助剂处理在水稻冠层、中层、底层的雾滴体积中径DV50均显著高于其他处理,在冠层的单位面积沉积量和农药有效沉积率分别为1.57 μg/cm2和63.89%,也均显著高于其他处理,且单位面积沉积量以冠层最高,中层次之,底层最低;喷头与助剂互作对防飘移率的影响显著,IDK120-01型喷头+1.0%迈飞助剂处理的防飘移率为76.08%,显著高于其他处理,该条件下喷施10%溴氰虫酰胺可分散油悬浮剂对二化螟的防治效果可达74.58%,水稻理论产量为8 905.80 kg/hm2,均显著高于其他处理。表明在溴氰虫酰胺药液中添加1.0%迈飞助剂,采用IDK120-01型喷头进行植保无人机喷洒作业防治水稻二化螟时,能有效减少雾滴飘移,增加单位面积沉积量及农药有效沉积率,提升对二化螟的防治效果。 相似文献
2.
环境风速及飞行参数对多旋翼植保无人机雾滴飘移特性的影响 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
为评估植保无人机低空低容量施药下的喷雾飘移风险,以国内市场主流机型电动多旋翼植保无人机为施药机械,研究不同环境风速及飞行参数（高度和速度）下喷雾雾滴飘移特性,构建雾滴飘移率与飘移距离之间的函数关系,并将测试结果与侧风速度及飞行参数进行相关性分析和回归分析。结果表明：在温度为16.5~25.2℃,相对湿度为21.7%~64.4%的条件下,植保无人机喷雾地面雾滴飘移率与下风向距离的关系满足指数函数λ=a·ebx,相关系数R2均大于0.914;在侧风速度为1.1~7.0 m/s的条件下,雾滴累计飘移率在13.0%~56.2%之间,90%飘移雾滴沉降在喷雾区下风向7.0~27.3 m距离范围内;侧风速度、飞行高度均与雾滴累计飘移率和90%累计飘移距离呈极显著正相关,且3个因素对雾滴飘移率的影响大小为侧风速度 > 飞行高度 > 飞行速度,对90%累计飘移距离的影响大小为飞行高度 > 侧风速度 > 飞行速度,对喷幅内沉积率的影响大小为飞行高度 > 侧风速度 > 飞行速度。研究结果可用于多旋翼植保无人机实际作业中雾滴飘移风险的控制及飘移缓冲距离的确定。 相似文献
3.
本文在喷杆喷雾机上优化喷洒装置,采用多喷头组合喷雾,设计了双扇面喷雾的吊杆喷雾装置,对单一扇形雾喷头、双扇形雾喷头组合、双扇面吊杆喷雾进行了大田试验,数据结果显示:标准扇形雾喷头ST110-04(德国Lechler)+双扇面吊杆的喷雾效果最好,在冠层上中下不同部位的沉积变异系数为28.4%,在棉花冠层下部的覆盖率达到50.92%,虫口减退率超过85.0%;标准扇形雾喷头和防飘喷头组合ST110-02+IDK120-02(德国Lechler)喷雾效果其次;单一喷头喷雾在冠层下部的覆盖率较小,为33.14%,虫口减退率(红蜘蛛)为77.3%。双扇面组合喷雾与单扇面喷雾相比有显著性差异,不同类型喷头组合的喷雾性能优于其他类型喷头。 相似文献
4.
以亿丰丸山3WP-500CN型号自走式喷杆喷雾机为研究对象,以诱惑红85作为指示剂,测定了6种喷雾助剂 (红太阳、倍力、迈丝、融透、印楝油和哈速腾)、3种喷头 (TEEJET-VP80015、ASJ-VP110015和LICHENG-VP11003) 以及3种喷雾压力 (0.2、0.4 和0.6 MPa) 对农药沉积利用率、药液雾化性能 (D50值雾滴密度等)、雾滴分布均匀性等喷雾参数的影响,以及240 g/L噻呋酰胺悬浮剂对水稻纹枯病防治效果及水稻产量的影响。结果表明:采用TEEJET-VP80015喷头,在0.4 MPa喷雾压力条件下,助剂哈速腾雾滴分布均匀性显著高于其他助剂,变异系数为0.11,同时对雾滴估计沉积量 (45.74 μL/cm2) 与分布跨度 (1.29) 的影响显著高于其他助剂;助剂迈丝对雾滴密度 (103.78个/cm2) 和农药沉积利用率 (83.88%) 的影响均显著高于其他助剂。采用TEEJET-VP80015喷头,在未添加助剂条件下,不同喷雾压力对雾滴分布跨度、雾滴附着率和农药沉积利用率影响差异显著,其中在0.6 MPa压力下,分布跨度为1.18,雾滴附着率为33.32%,农药沉积利用率为78.19%。在未添加助剂、0.4 MPa喷雾压力条件下,喷头LICHENG-VP11003对雾滴分布均匀性的影响显著高于另外两种喷头,变异系数为0.12,同时对雾滴覆盖率 (69.37%)、雾滴估计沉积量 (42.77 μL/cm2) 和农药沉积利用率 (75.79%) 的影响也显著高于另外两种喷头。各测定条件下,240 g/L噻呋酰胺悬浮剂对水稻纹枯病的防治效果与雾化性能和雾化参数结果一致,其中添加助剂迈丝后防治效果达到89.27%,显著高于添加其他助剂,增大喷雾压力到0.6 MPa,防治效果达到88.67%,显著高于其他压力条件;采用TEEJET-VP80015喷头,在0.4 MPa喷雾压力下,水稻产量为8301 kg/hm2,显著高于人工喷雾。因此,助剂与喷头类型均对自走式喷杆喷雾机施药时的农药沉积利用率、雾滴分布均匀性以及雾滴参数和雾化效果有显著的影响,在适当的喷雾压力下添加助剂可提高农药的防治效果。 相似文献
5.
研究农药雾滴的空间运行规律及其影响因素,对减少飘移、保护环境及助剂开发都有重要意义。选取2%甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐(简称甲维盐)乳油,采用Euler-Lagrange离散相模型对雾滴空间运行过程进行数值模拟,分析了农药雾滴的空间运行轨迹。结果表明:黏度和表面张力对雾滴空间运行规律的影响主要作用于喷头出口处的雾化过程,雾化过程的结果决定了后续雾滴空间运行的轨迹和飘移率。药液黏度和表面张力越大,出口处大粒径雾滴所占的比例越高,雾滴的平均粒径和空间运行速率相应增大,在空间运行过程中停留时间缩短,飘移率降低。确定了标准条件下黏度和表面张力调控的适宜范围:黏度在0.001~0.01 Pa·s之间,飘移率为18.77%~12.67%;表面张力在0.042~0.060 N/m之间,飘移率为38.93%~24.40%。针对实际场景,提出了调控药液物理性质的具体方案:通过将2%甲维盐乳油的黏度和表面张力分别增大至0.01 Pa·s和0.060 N/m,可以分别将4 m/s和5 m/s风速条件下的飘移率降低18%和43%,从而有效降低了农药雾滴的飘移损失。 相似文献
6.
植物油助剂Aero-mate 320对植保无人机稻田低容量喷雾沉积利用率的提升效果及其机理分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为明确添加植物油助剂Aero-mate 320对植保无人机施药体系的影响,评价其作为航空喷雾助剂的可行性,通过在15%甲维·茚虫威悬浮剂和325 g/L苯甲·嘧菌酯悬浮剂药液中添加0.3%、0.6%和1.0%的Aero-mate 320,测定并评估其对药液体系理化性质、抗蒸发性以及雾滴在水稻田沉积分布和沉积利用率的影响。结果表明,助剂Aero-mate 320的适量添加可以改善药液的理化性质,提高喷雾的均匀性,减少蒸发,增加雾滴在水稻冠层的覆盖及沉积,并能显著增加农药沉积利用率。其中,添加0.6% Aero-mate 320后药液的表面张力以及在水稻叶片上的接触角显著减小,分别降低13.3%和30.3%,黏附张力由-9.7 mN/m增加至9.1 mN/m,黏附功增加51.3%,药液更易润湿叶片;雾滴粒径显著增大,雾滴谱相对跨度显著变窄,雾滴分布更加均匀,小雾滴数量显著降低,减少了雾滴的飘移;对喷雾雾滴蒸发的抑制率为25.0%;同时药液在水稻冠层中的沉积密度和覆盖率增大,沉积量显著增加,农药沉积利用率增至66.8%。 相似文献
7.
为解决直播稻田草害重、防治难的问题,研究水稻机直播"播喷同步"机械化除草新技术。该技术采用自主研发的高压雾化喷雾装置,在直播机播种时同步喷施除草剂,喷雾均匀,雾滴精细,施药后在土壤表面形成一层非常薄的封闭膜,能有效抑制杂草的出芽和生长。结果表明,采用3种型号(ST110-01、ST110-015和ST110-02)喷头在播种时同步喷施120 g/L草酮乳油、10%苄嘧磺隆可湿性粉剂复配剂,使用剂量分别为360、30 g a.i./hm~2,用水量分别为120、150、195 L/hm~2,对机直播田水稻安全性良好。药后20 d,与未施药对照相比,各处理出苗率均在84.9%及以上。施药48 d后调查发现,其对稗草、阔叶草以及莎草的密度和鲜质量防效达到极优水平(≥95%)。表明采用"播喷同步"机械化除草新技术对机直播稻田杂草防效好,且除草剂持效期在48 d以上。 相似文献
8.
喷雾助剂及施液量对植保无人机喷雾雾滴在水稻冠层沉积分布的影响 总被引：24，自引：7，他引：17
为提高农药沉积率,利用黏度计、表面张力仪、药液润湿性测试卡、激光粒度仪测定不同喷雾助剂添加量对蒸馏水溶液性质的影响,并分析喷雾助剂及施液量对水稻冠层不同位置雾滴沉积密度、沉积量以及有效沉积率的影响。结果表明,添加喷雾助剂对蒸馏水溶液的性质有显著影响,与蒸馏水相比,当添加喷雾助剂为0.5%和1.0%时,雾滴体积中径变为108.9、98.7μm,表面张力降低64.7%、64.9%,黏度增加为2.3、2.3 m Pa·s,铺展系数为蒸馏水的74.5、58.5倍,能有效促进雾滴铺展并避免药液流失;植保无人机喷施试验结果显示,增加施液量可显著提高雾滴沉积密度,添加喷雾助剂可以显著提高雾滴沉积量以及有效沉积率,当施药量为13.5 L/hm~2且添加1.0%喷雾助剂时,雾滴在水稻冠层的有效沉积率最大,为48.9%。 相似文献
9.
添加助剂对植保无人飞机低容量喷雾在矮化密植苹果园中雾滴沉积分布及苹果黄蚜防治效果的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为明确助剂在农药减施增效中的作用,于室内利用自动界面张力仪、接触角仪、激光粒度仪、药液润湿性测试卡测定药液中添加助剂对溶液性质的影响,并结合田间试验探究药液中添加助剂对矮砧纺锤形栽培模式苹果园果树冠层喷雾雾滴沉积分布及苹果黄蚜Aphis spiraecola防治效果的影响。结果表明,植保无人飞机低容量喷雾常规用量毒死蜱乳油时,添加体积分数为0.5%的助剂后,溶液性质相比蒸馏水发生了显著变化,溶液的表面张力由71.2 mN/m下降到31.7 mN/m,下降了55.5%;喷雾20 s后在苹果叶片上的接触角减小到13.8°,比蒸馏水在苹果叶片上的接触角减少了74.3%;雾滴体积中径由蒸馏水的122.4μm显著增加到142.2μm;药液的铺展系数是蒸馏水的4.0倍。添加助剂后可以有效减少雾滴漂移,增加雾滴在苹果叶片上的铺展。田间使用植保无人飞机喷施40%毒死蜱乳油的沉积量均值为0.79μg/cm~2,7 d后对苹果黄蚜的防治效果为72.9%;农药减施20%后的沉积量均值为0.70μg/cm~2,7 d后对苹果黄蚜的防治效果为71.5%;而在这2个处理中添加0.5%助剂后农药沉积量均值分别增加至1.89μg/cm~2和1.14μg/cm~2,7 d后对苹果黄蚜的防治效果分别为83.8%和77.0%。表明添加助剂可显著增加农药在果树上的沉积量及对苹果黄蚜的防治效果;即使在农药减量20%应用中添加助剂后,药液在果树冠层的沉积量以及对苹果黄蚜的防治效果依然高于农药常规用量处理。 相似文献
10.
喷洒部件及喷雾助剂对担架式喷雾机在桃园喷雾中的雾滴沉积分布的影响 总被引：12，自引：2，他引：10
采用诱惑红为指示剂研究测定了喷洒部件以及喷雾助剂Silwet408对电动担架式喷雾机在桃园喷雾中的雾滴沉积分布的影响,试验结果表明：采用喷枪大容量喷雾,当施药液量为250 L/667 m2时,有35.2%的药液流失到地面,喷雾雾滴在桃树冠层内膛和外膛的上/下层沉积比分别为0.59和0.62;当在喷雾液添加0.1%的Silwet408并把施药液量降低到125 L/667 m2时,药液在地面的流失率减少到21.2%,喷雾雾滴在桃树冠层内膛和外膛的上/下层沉积比分别为1.28和1.19,沉积分布均匀性明显提高。采用装配小喷片的组合喷头喷雾,当施药液量为250 L/667 m2时,有28.4%的药液流失到地面,当在喷雾液添加0.1% 的Silwet408并把施药液量降低到185 L/667m2时,喷雾压力分别为0.25 Mpa和0.35 Mpa时,药液在地面的流失率分别减少到18.5%和8.6%。研究测定结果表明,通过更换喷洒部件、增加喷雾压力、减少施药液量、添加喷雾助剂等措施可以显著减少果园喷雾中的药液流失率、提高喷雾雾滴在桃树冠层的沉积分布均匀性。 相似文献
11.
喷杆喷雾机具有作业效率高、雾滴覆盖率高、沉积分布均匀、防治效果好等优点,是目前大田作物最主要的施药机具.但受作物冠层遮挡和侧风等气象条件的影响,导致喷杆喷雾机作业时雾滴难以穿透到植株中下部并伴随飘失.为改善喷杆喷雾机喷雾雾滴在作物冠层的穿透性并降低飘移量,本文优化设计了一种适用于大田作物的喷杆喷雾机冠层推拨装置.并分别... 相似文献
12.
Background
Pesticide spray drift, which is the movement of pesticide by wind to any location other than the intended area, is hazardous to human, animal, food safety and environmental health. It is not possible to completely eliminate spray drift during spraying with field crop sprayers, but spray drift can be reduced by developing new technologies. The most common methods to reduce spray drift are carrying the droplets to the target with air-assisted spraying, electrostatic spraying, preferring air induction nozzles and boom shields. With these methods, it is not possible to make a change on the sprayer depending on the wind intensity during spraying. In this study, a novel servo-controlled spraying system was designed and developed to change the nozzle orientation angle in the reverse direction of the wind current to reduce the ground spray drift in real time and automatically in a wind tunnel. The displacement in the spray pattern (Dc) was used as a ground drift indicator for each nozzle to evaluate the spray drift.Results
The developed system, operated by LabVIEW software, calculated different nozzle orientation angles depending on nozzle types, wind velocities and spraying pressures. Orientation angles calculated for different test conditions achieved in reduction were up to 49.01% for XR11002 nozzle, 32.82% for AIXR11002 nozzle and 32.31% for TTJ6011002 nozzle at 400 kPa spray pressure and 2.5 m s−1 wind velocity.Conclusion
The developed system, which has a self-decision mechanism, calculated the nozzle orientation angle instantaneously according to the wind velocity. It has been observed that the adjustable spraying nozzle system, sprayed with high precision towards the wind in the wind tunnel, and the developed system have advantages compared to conventional spraying systems. © 2023 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry. 相似文献13.
植保无人飞机喷雾参数及助剂类型对杀虫剂防治棉蚜的增效作用 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为研究植保无人飞机喷雾参数对棉蚜防治效果的影响及评价助剂对药剂的增效作用,本研究通过田间试验分析了飞行高度、飞行速度和喷头型号等喷雾参数对棉蚜防效的影响,并评价了5种喷雾助剂ND-600、ND-800、G2801、倍达通和N380对22%氟啶虫胺腈悬浮剂(SC)和21%噻虫嗪SC的增效作用。结果表明:植保无人飞机飞行高度对棉蚜防效的影响显著,其中飞行高度为2 m时防效最佳,最优参数组合为飞行高度2 m,飞行速度3 m/s,喷头型号IDK120-01。添加助剂后,22%氟啶虫胺腈SC和21%噻虫嗪SC对棉蚜的防效有不同程度的提高,药后7 d,除ND-600外,ND-800、G2801、N380和倍达通对22%氟啶虫胺腈SC均有增效减量作用,其中ND-800的效果较好,G2801、倍达通和N380的增效作用一般;21%噻虫嗪SC对棉蚜的防治效果较好,除不添加助剂的处理外,其余处理药后7 d的防效均在90%以上,5种助剂的减量增效作用均较好。 相似文献
14.
S. HAHMANN 《EPPO Bulletin》1983,13(3):377-380
The development of TeeJet flat-jet nozzles in the 1960's has facilitated optimal herbicide application. The required accuracy of ± 15 % in transverse distribution was achieved by a nozzle spacing of 50 cm and a height above ground of 40-60 cm. Two problems remained: 1) to reduce volumes; 2)to limit drift yet further. The development of the low-pressure TeeJet has helped to solve these problems. The nozzle is constructed with a cylindrical tube which is ellipsoidal in cross-section at the input end and which narrows symmetrically to the axis to a flattened oval orifice at the output end. By this means 1) the spray angle of 110° can be achieved with a pressure of 1 bar; 2) better distribution is achieved at the edges of the jet, by comparison with the standard TeeJet; 3) a greater proportion of coarse droplets is achieved by comparison with 110° or 120° nozzles (nominal pressure 3 bar). It is accordingly possible to apply herbicides at volumes lower than the currently used 4001/ha. Trials have shown that, with few exceptions, water volume can simply be reduced to 1001/ha without any increased risk of drift 相似文献
15.
BACKGROUND: In this study, the collecting efficiency of different samplers of airborne drift was compared both in wind tunnel and in field experiments. The aim was to select an appropriate sampler for collecting airborne spray drift under field conditions. RESULTS: The wind tunnel study examined three static samplers and one dynamic sampler. The dynamic sampler had the highest overall collecting efficiency. Among the static samplers, the pipe cleaner collector had the highest efficiency. These two samplers were selected for evaluation in the subsequent field study. Results from 29 individual field experiments showed that the pipe cleaner collector on average had a 10% lower collecting efficiency than the dynamic sampler. However, the deposits on the pipe cleaners generally were highest at the 0.5 m level, and for the dynamic sampler at the 1 m level. CONCLUSIONS: It was concluded from the wind tunnel part of the study that the amount of drift collected on the static collectors had a more strongly positive correlation with increasing wind speed compared with the dynamic sampler. In the field study, the difference in efficiency between the two types of collector was fairly small. As the difference in collecting efficiency between the different types of sampler was small, the dynamic sampler was selected for further measurements of airborne drift under field conditions owing to its more well‐defined collecting area. This study of collecting efficiency of airborne spray drift of static and dynamic samplers under field conditions contributes to increasing knowledge in this field of research. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献
16.
Krishna N Reddy Wei Ding Robert M Zablotowicz Steven J Thomson Yanbo Huang L Jason Krutz 《Pest management science》2010,66(10):1148-1154
BACKGROUND: Glyphosate drift from aerial application onto susceptible crops is inevitable, yet the biological responses to glyphosate drift in crops are not well characterized. The objectives of this research were to determine the effects of glyphosate drift from a single aerial application (18.3 m swath, 866 g AE ha?1) on corn injury, chlorophyll content, shikimate level, plant height and shoot dry weight in non‐glyphosate‐resistant (non‐GR) corn. RESULTS: One week after application (WAA), corn was killed at 3 m from the edge of the spray swath, with injury decreasing to 18% at 35.4 m downwind. Chlorophyll content decreased from 78% at 6 m to 22% at 15.8 m, and it was unaffected beyond 25.6 m at 1 WAA. Shikimate accumulation in corn decreased from 349% at 0 m to 93% at 15.8 m, and shikimate levels were unaffected beyond 25.6 m downwind. Plant height and shoot dry weight decreased gradually with increasing distance. At a distance of 35.4 m, corn height was reduced by 14% and shoot dry weight by 10% at 3 WAA. CONCLUSIONS: Corn injury and other biological responses point to the same conclusion, that is, injury from glyphosate aerial drift is highest at the edge of the spray swath and decreases gradually with distance. The LD50 (the lethal distance that drift must travel to cause a 50% reduction in biological response) ranged from 12 to 26 m among the biological parameters when wind speed was 11.2 km h?1 and using a complement of CP‐09 spray nozzles on spray aircraft. Published 2010 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
17.
Nigel M Western Eric C Hislop Marc Bieswal Peter J Holloway David Coupland 《Pest management science》1999,55(6):640-642
The droplet-sizes and drift produced by sprays containing dilute oil-in-water emulsions of various vegetable and mineral oil adjuvants were measured in wind-tunnel experiments. When compared with water or a surfactant solution, both types of oil adjuvant reduced the proportion of small driftable droplets and, hence, reduced measured spray drift. Vegetable oils were more effective at drift reduction than the mineral oil. Spray drift tended to increase with increasing oil concentration and decreasing emulsifier content. 相似文献
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The amount of agricultural spray that drifts into a wetland from an adjacent crop field is influenced by vegetation along the field boundary or any intentional setback distance (buffer zone) between the sprayer and the edge of the arable field. In this study, spray tracer drift deposits were measured in a simulated wetland area under different conditions of wind speed and buffer zone width. The effect of an artificial windbreak at the upwind edge of the simulated wetland was also evaluated. A level of tolerance of 0.1% of the in-swath spray deposition was established as a no-effect level for the response of aquatic plants to common herbicides. Our results indicate that a vegetated 10-m field margin (eg a fencerow) alone provides adequate protection from herbicide drift into a wetland area under wind conditions normally considered acceptable for spraying. For high winds (> 4m s(-1)) when field spraying would not normally be advised, adequate protection was afforded by the same 10-m margin plus a dense windbreak (25% porosity) or by the margin plus a 20-m buffer zone. 相似文献