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环境硒与健康关系研究中的土壤化学与植物营养学 总被引：37，自引：0，他引：37
硒是环境中重要的生命元素，世界范围内的土壤和植物缺硒已导致多达４０多种人畜疾病。综合国内外有关研究表明：１）土壤有效性硒而非土壤全硒是决定食物链硒水平的关键因素。２）硒在植物体内具有多种生理作用，硒可能是高等植物必需的营养元素。３）植物性产品中硒的含量和可利用程度因作物品种而异，在非积聚硒的植物中硒主要以硒蛋氨酸蛋白结合态存在于非可食部位中。４）硒在植物体内有一定的移动能力。向低硒带土壤－植物系统 相似文献
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植物营养中理论问题的追本溯源 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
白由路 《植物营养与肥料学报》2019,25(1):1-10
本文分析了近200年来,国际上植物营养研究特别是有关植物营养理论研究的发展过程,从早期对植物营养的研究开始,论述了腐殖质营养理论的形成与发展以及腐殖质营养理论的具体内容;论述了植物营养矿物质理论的发现过程及李比希否定腐殖质营养理论的理由与事实;介绍了李比希对矿质营养理论的论述与完善过程,分析了矿质营养理论早期的争议及争议的原因;评价了矿质营养理论对农业的贡献。本文还针对目前出现的有机营养理论及碳营养进行质疑,指出了小分子有机物质对植物生长发育的作用。 相似文献
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重金属与营养元素交互作用的植物生理效应 总被引：50，自引：0，他引：50
综述了镉、铅、镍、汞等重金属元素与植物大量、中量必需营养元素相互作用的生理反应及其机理的研究进展，非必需微量重金属营养元素的毒害作用，以及非必需重金属元素对植物吸收运输元素的影响。 相似文献
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植物激素对离子吸收运输和分布的影响 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
植物激素和矿质元素在植物体内的吸收、运输和分布之间存在着密切的联系。植物激素对矿质养分的影响包括两方面的作用:直接作用和间接作用，但不同的矿质元素表现不同。同时，各种植物激素对矿质离子运输系统的作用不仅具有高度的组织专一性，而且激素间还存在着强烈的交互作用。 相似文献
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矿质养分和激素对根毛生长发育的影响及作用机制 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
【目的】植物矿质养分和水分的吸收利用赖于根系,根系中根毛的生长发育不仅扩大了根系吸收表面积,促进了矿质养分和水分的吸收还有助于植物根的固定以及与土壤微生物的互作。本文从矿质养分角度(氮、 磷、 钾、 钙、 铁)和激素角度(生长素、 乙烯、 茉莉酸、 独脚金内酯、 油菜素内酯)探讨影响根毛生长发育的因子及作用机理。【主要进展】氮对根毛生长发育的影响与茉莉酸和乙烯有关, 磷与生长素、 乙烯、 独脚金内酯互作调控根毛生长发育;生长素和乙烯以交互作用调控根毛生长发育,茉莉酸、 独角金内酯和油菜素甾醇对根毛生长发育的作用是部分依赖生长素或乙烯途径;植物体内生长素和乙烯等激素的平衡对根毛的生长发育起着重要作用。【建议和展望】基于以上分析,从蛋白激酶及其相关调控基因及转录因子等方面可深入探析矿质养分、 植物激素等对根毛和丛枝菌根生长发育的影响。 相似文献
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铁是植物所必需的微量矿质元素,在光合作用、呼吸作用等过程中发挥着重要的作用。虽然铁在地壳中含量丰富,但生物有效获取率非常低。因此,探索高等植物铁吸收及运输机制一直是植物铁营养领域研究的热点问题。近几年来,人们对于高等植物体内铁运输,尤其是细胞内铁运输又有了新的认识。本文主要对高等植物体内长距离铁运输（木质部,韧皮部）和细胞内的铁运输（液泡,叶绿体和线粒体）两方面的运输机制进行了综述,这将帮助我们进一步了解植物铁代谢机制,对我们培育高铁含量作物和提高植物抗逆性有着重要意义。 相似文献
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我国低硒地区占国土总面积的72%,其中严重缺硒地区的粮食等天然食物硒含量较低,当地人因无法从食物中摄取足够硒而罹患多种疾病。因此,通过科学手段有效解决我国人体缺硒问题意义非凡。植物性食物是动物和人体碳水化合物及矿物质等营养的重要来源,植物吸收环境中的硒,并将其转化为有机态硒,之后通过食物链为人体吸收利用,这是一种安全有效的缓解人体硒摄入匮乏的途径。植物生长过程中所需的矿物质营养大多都来自于土壤,微生物作为土壤中广泛存在的一种生物,不仅在植物促生方面发挥着重要作用,而且还可通过生物活化等作用,将土壤中的硒转化为有利于植物吸收的形态,进而提高植物对硒的利用率。本文综述了目前关于动物、植物、微生物对硒转化利用规律方面的研究进展,以期为今后通过微生物介导途径,提高植物吸收转化环境硒的效率,改善动物及人体缺硒状况,进而解决缺硒地区人体健康问题提供有价值的参考信息。 相似文献
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Se和Cd在土壤-植物系统中的迁移与食品安全 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
本文就Se和Cd在土壤-植物系统中的迁移及其与食品安全及人体健康之间的潜在关系进行了综合评述。Cd和Se在植物中积累并迁移到植物的可食或收获部分,取决于土壤条件、气候因子、农艺管理措施等。Cd是对食物链造成污染的重要元素,其在土壤中的富集通常是由工农业生产或城市人为污染造成的,减少Cd对土壤的污染及Cd污染土壤的生物修复已成为土壤学、环境科学及生态学研究的热点。Se是一种对动植物有益的元素,在土壤中含量过低会引发人体疾病,但Se含量过高也会导致污染并引发人体疾病;土壤中的高浓度Se通常来自于含Se量高的母岩以及燃煤的灰尘污染;基于食品安全的需要,中国在重视Se素营养补给的同时,要防止富Se地区及人为因素造成的Se污染。 相似文献
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Cesar Abel Krohling Frederico Jacob Eutrópio Amanda Azevedo Bertolazi Leonardo Barros Dobbss Eliemar Campostrini Teresa Dias 《Soil Science and Plant Nutrition》2016,62(1):39-47
In nature, iron (Fe) occurs in abundance and ranks fourth among all elements on Earth’s surface. Still, its availability to plants is reduced, once this element is in the form of hydrated oxides, which can limit plant productivity and biomass production. On the other hand, in high concentrations, this essential micronutrient for the plants can become a toxic agent, increasing the environmental contamination. Fe is necessary for the maintenance of essential processes like respiration and photosynthesis, participating in the electron transport chain and in the conversion between Fe2+ and Fe3+, being a key element for carbon dioxide (CO2) fixation and, therefore, important for crop production of cultivated or natural species. The balance of Fe should be strictly controlled, because both its deficiency and its toxicity affect the physiological process of plants. In aerated soils Fe is present in the form of Fe3+, which is the oxidized form and is less available to plants, so these organisms have developed different strategies for absorption, transport and storage of Fe. Deficiency and excess of Fe correlate with local soil conditions and with the care adopted in plant nutrition during the phenological phases and/or in the course of its cultivation. In situations of excessive accumulation of Fe in tissues, an enhancement of hydroxyl radical generation (OH?) occurs by Fenton reaction. Here, we review the nutritional, genetic and ecophysiological aspects of uptake, translocation and accumulation of Fe ions in plants growing under conditions of deficiency or toxicity of this metal. 相似文献
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Simranjeet Kaur Navneet Kaur Kadambot H. M. Siddique 《Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science》2016,62(7):905-920
The beneficial elements are not deemed essential for all crops but may be vital for particular plant taxa. The distinction between beneficial and essential is often difficult in the case of some trace elements. Elements such as aluminium (Al), cobalt (Co), sodium (Na), selenium (Se) and silicon (Si) are considered beneficial for plants. These elements are not critical for all plants but may improve plant growth and yield. Pertinently, beneficial elements reportedly enhance resistance to abiotic stresses (drought, salinity, high temperature, cold, UV stress, and nutrient toxicity or deficiency) and biotic stresses (pathogens and herbivores) at their low levels. However, the essential-to-lethal range for these elements is somewhat narrow. The effect of beneficial elements at low levels deserves more attention with regard to using them to fertilize crops to boost crop production under stress and to enhance plant nutritional value as a feed or food. A more holistic approach to plant nutrition would not only be restricted to nutrients essential to survival but would also include mineral elements at levels beneficial for best growth. Here, we describe the uptake mechanisms of various beneficial elements, their favourable aspects, and the role of these elements in conferring tolerance against abiotic and biotic stresses. 相似文献
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Titanium is the tenth most common element in the Earth's crust. In soils we find it in form of TiO2, some titanates and Ti-silicates. Therefore, in most cases Ti is not taken up by plants and therefore, it is not a member of the food chain. Water-soluble and pH-stable chelate form, Ti-ascorbate was applied in plant and animal nutrition. It was demonstrated on a very large scale that Ti-ascorbate has a very avorable, beneficial role in various physiological processes. The results show that Ti should be a member of the family of demonstrated beneficial elements. 相似文献
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Considering that even contaminated soils are a potential resource for agricultural production, it is essential to develop a set of cropping systems to allow a safe and sustainable agriculture on contaminated lands while avoiding any transfer of toxic trace elements to the food chain. In this review, three main strategies, i.e., phytoexclusion, phytostabilization, and phytoextraction, are proposed to establish cropping systems for production of edible and non-edible plants, and for extraction of elements for industrial use. For safe production of food crops, the selection of low-accumulating plants/cultivars and the application of soil amendments are of vital importance. Phytostabilization using non-food energy and fiber plants can provide additional renewable energy sources and economic benefit with minimum cost of agricultural measures. Phytoextracting trace elements (e.g., As, Cd, Ni, and Zn) using hyperaccumulator species is more suitable for slightly and moderately polluted sites, and phytomining of Ni from serpentine soils has shown a great potential to extract Ni-containing bio-ores of economic interests. We conclude that appropriate combinations of soil types, plant species/cultivars, and agronomic practices can restrict trace metal transfer to the food chain and/or extract energy and metals of industrial use and allow safe agricultural activities. 相似文献
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R. B. Clark 《Journal of plant nutrition》2013,36(5):853-885
Many factors affect the composition of mineral elements in plants. The effects of many of these factors, such as element concentration, temperature, pH, plant part, plant age, metabolic inhibitors, element interactions, fertilizer, and type of soil, have been studied extensively by many scientists who are concerned with plant mineral nutrition. However, relatively few studies have focused on the effects of light and water stress. The objective of this review was to consider some of the effects that light and water stress have on the mineral element composition of plants. 相似文献
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Toxicity of cadmium and its competition with mineral nutrients for uptake by plants: A review 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Cadmium(Cd)is a toxic heavy metal occurring in the environment naturally and is also generated through various anthropogenic sources and acts as a pollutant.Human health is affected by Cd pollution in farmland soils because food is the main source of Cd intake in the non-smoking population.For crops,Cd toxicity may result from a disturbance in uptake and translocation of mineral nutrients and disturbance in plant metabolism,inhibiting plant growth and development.However,plants have Cd tolerance mechanisms,including restricted Cd uptake,decreased Cd root-to-shoot translocation,enhanced antioxidant enzyme activities,and increased production of phytochelatins.Furthermore,optimal supply of mineral nutrients is one of the strategies to alleviate the damaging effects of Cd on plants and to avoid its entry into the food chain.The emerging molecular knowledge contributes to understanding Cd uptake,translocation,and remobilization in plants.In this review,Cd toxicity and tolerance mechanisms,agricultural practices to minimize Cd accumulation,Cd competition with essential elements(calcium,copper,iron,zinc,and manganese),and genes associated with Cd uptake are discussed in detail,especially regarding how these mineral nutrients and genes play a role in decreasing Cd uptake and accumulation in crop plants. 相似文献
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重视有机营养研究与有机碳肥创新—关于植物营养经典理论的现代思考 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
碳是17种必需营养元素之首,但长期以来对碳营养,尤其是有机碳营养的系统研究几乎为空白,由此导致了对作物碳饥饿的忽视。虽然作物可以通过光合作用从大气中获得碳,但仅能满足作物生长所需碳营养的1/5。实践已经证明,通过施肥补充碳营养供给是作物高产优质的有效技术途径,生产可有效提供碳素营养的肥料也为现代化肥工业提供了新的发展机遇。为适应这种需求,迫切需要拓展现有经典的矿质营养框架,在有机营养理论方面取得突破,构建有机矿质营养理论的新体系。本文提出了有机碳肥的概念,分析了有机碳肥的特点及施肥补碳的重要性,讨论了有机碳肥在平衡施肥中的应用,指出基于有机碳概念的新型肥料研发是重大技术前沿和现代植物营养理论中富有生机的学术生长点。 相似文献