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《中国农业科技导报》2008,(Z1)
为了加大杂交水稻重大科技成果的进一步推广,确保我国粮食安全,2008年3月17日,国家科技支撑计划“广适型超级杂交稻新组合选育与示范”区域专项在湖南长沙正式启动。专项采取三系、二系法并举,形态改良、亚种间杂交优势利用和分子育种技术结合和集成创新,创制超级杂交稻骨干亲本的技术路线,重点培育广适型超级杂交稻新组合,研制广适型超级杂交稻亲本繁殖和组合制种的超高产技术体系规范,创建广适型超级杂交稻“种三(亩)产四(亩)”的标准化栽培技术体系。专家认为,专项启动后,将极大提升超级杂交稻在南方稻区的广泛生态适应性,实施标准化栽培技术体系规范,促进我国水稻产业的升级和超级杂交稻的稳步发展。近年来,我国在超级杂交水稻研究和应用方面取得了重大进展,但是在培育和推广超级杂交水稻组合方面尚有不足。早稻和晚稻组合偏少;高肥栽培条件下高产,反之产量一般;生态适应性不强等。该项目由袁隆平院士任技术总顾问、国家杂交水稻工程技术中心、中国科学院亚热带农业生态研究所等15家单位联合攻关。项目研究重点是培育“广适型”超级杂交稻,这种水稻的基本特性是对不同的土壤、生态气候、耕作制度都有好的适应性,特别是耐(抗)异常气候条件的能力不低于区试中的对照... 相似文献
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籼型超级杂交水稻高产栽培研究进展 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
邹应斌 《沈阳农业大学学报》2007,38(5):707-713
对中国籼型超级杂交水稻高产栽培生理、生态适应性和高产栽培技术研究成果进行分析,指出现已育成的籼型超级杂交稻在我国南方多种生态区域作一季稻种植产量达到12t.hm2,表现出根系旺盛、分蘖力强、足穗大穗、源库协调、耐肥抗倒、以及前期能早发和后期抗早衰的潜在高产优势。有关栽培生理、生态适应性和栽培技术的研究结果显示,超级杂交稻在保持较高经济系数的同时,通过增加生物产量是超高产栽培的主要途径。进一步研究超级杂交稻的产量稳定性、产量形成机理、适宜种植区域,群体诊断指标、优质与高产相协调的关键栽培的技术等,对于建立超级杂交稻的栽培理论与技术体系,具有十分重要的科学意义和应用价值。 相似文献
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南方稻区的杂交中稻生产是中国水稻生产的重要组成部分,由于育种技术路线正确,中国率先在超级杂交中稻育种上取得了突破性进展。对中国在超级杂交中稻亲本选育、新组合配制、育种技术体系的建立和推广应用上所取得的进展进行了回顾,指出了在广适性组合较少、推广力度不够,影响超级杂交稻的快速发展,以及高产、优质和高抗有机结合的组合少等方面存在的问题,要从拓宽水稻遗传基础,选育广适性组合、发掘特异种质资源,选育综合性状优良的超高产组合、建立轻型化配套栽培技术体系,加强推广力度3个方面去解决存在的问题,并讨论了中国在超级杂交中稻育种中应加快已有研究成果的转化,选育具有广适性、综合性状优良的超级杂交中稻组合,加强第三期超级杂交稻的研究等方面的研究重点。 相似文献
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中国超级稻研究项目启动至今,对促进我国的粮食增产,提升我国水稻育种水平发挥了重要作用。广东省农业科学院自1996年以来,作为中国超级稻研究项目主要发起和承担单位,承担了该项目的华南稻区超级稻选育研究工作。在开创水稻生态育种并取得显著成就的基础上,经过10年攻关,再创华南超级稻育种新辉煌。先后构建出"早长、根深"超级稻株型模式和华南广适应型优质超级稻株型模式;在优质超级晚稻育种和广适型超级稻育种方面率先取得重大突破;先后育成一批达标优质超级稻,主要代表品种有:品质可与泰国优质香米相媲美的优质超级稻品种胜泰1号、我国超级晚稻育种取得突破的先锋品种桂农占和大穗高结实的广适型超级稻品种玉香油占等,这些超级稻正迅速在生产上大面积推广应用,创造了显著的社会经济效益。 相似文献
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我国超级杂交稻育种研究进展及展望 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
回顾了国内外超级稻育种历史,介绍了我国超级稻育种研究进展,指出我国超级稻育种在籼粳亚种优势利用及株型育种中取得了重大突破,超级稻在我国已处于大面积推广阶段。针对我国超级稻品种（组合）普遍存在适应性不广、结实率偏低、抗性及米质较差、双季超级稻品种（组合）较少及育种理论和技术还有待完善等问题,提出未来超级稻育种的策略。 相似文献
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HI JANG Min ZOU Ying-bin JIANG Peng XIA Bing Md Ibrahim AO He-jun 《中国农业科学(英文版)》2011,10(10):1537-1544
Chinese super hybrid rice breeding project has developed many new varieties with great yield potential.It is controversial which yield component should be emphasized in super hybrid rice production.The present study was conducted to compare super hybrid rice with common hybrid and super inbred rice and analyze contributions of yield components to grain yield of super hybrid rice under experimental conditions,and evaluate relationships between grain yield and yield components of super hybrid rice in farmer's paddy fields.Field experiments were done in Changsha,Guidong,and Nanxian,Hunan Province,China,from 2007 to 2009.Eight super hybrid varieties,one common hybrid variety,and one super inbred variety were grown in each location and year.Rice production investigation was undertaken in high-yielding (Guidong),moderate-yielding (Nanxian),and low-yielding (Ningxiang) regions of Hunan Province,China,in 2009.Grain yield and yield components were measured in both the field experiments and rice production investigation.Super hybrid rice varieties outyielded common hybrid and super inbred varieties across three locations and years.Yield potential has been increased by 11.4％ in super hybrid rice varieties compared with common and super inbred varieties.The higher yield of super hybrid varieties was attributed to improvement in panicle size.Panicles per m2 had the highest positive contribution to grain yield with the exception under yield level of 10.0 to 12.0 t ha-1,and was positively related to grain yield in farmer's field at all of the high-,moderate-,and low-yielding regions.Our study suggests that panicle per m2 ought to be emphasized in super hybrid rice production. 相似文献
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《农业科学学报》2017,(5)
Super rice breeding in China has been very successful over the past 3 decades, and the Chinese government has made great efforts to support breeding and cultivation of both conventional and hybrid super rice. In this review, we focus on the progress in and potential of super rice breeding. After the establishment of the breeding theory and strategy of "generating an ideotype with strong heterosis through inter-subspecies hybridization, by using gene pyramiding to combine elite traits through composite-crossing to breed super rice varieties with both ideotype and strong hybrid vigor", a series of major breakthroughs have been achieved in both conventional and super hybrid rice breeding. A number of new genetic materials with ideotype have been created successfully, and the Ministry of Agriculture of China has approved 156 novel super rice varieties and combinations for commercialization. During the Developing the Super Rice Varieties Program, great attention has also been paid to the integration and demonstration of the rice production technology. Collaboration between industry and university researchers has led to technological innovations and initiation of a demonstration system for super hybrid rice. With widespread cultivation of super rice with higher quality and yield, as well as resistance or tolerance to abiotic or biotic stresses, the yield of rice production per unit has reached a new level. In addition to increased quality and yield, hybrid rice breeding has also led to improvements in many other agronomic traits, such as resistance to pests and diseases, resistance to lodging, and optimized light distribution in population. Achievements in super rice breeding and innovation in rice production have made major contributions to the progress in rice sciences and worldwide food security. 相似文献
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北方粳型稻超高产育种理论与实践 总被引：27，自引：3，他引：27
从育种理论、育种技术及育种实践等方面，综合评述了中国北方粳型稻超高产育种研究进展与前景，认为培育和推广超级稻是继株型育种和杂交稻之后，提高北方粳稻综合生产能力，实现北方水稻生产跨越式发展的重要途径。在“利用籼粳稻杂交创造新株型和强优势，通过复交优化性状组配，聚合有利基因，选育理想株型与优势利用相结合的超级稻”育种理论与技术路线确立之后，北方粳型超级粳稻在常规育种方面已取得重大突破，成功地培育出一批优质抗病的超级稻新品种并已广泛应用于生产，如沈农265、沈农606、吉粳88等。与常规超级稻育种相比，超级杂交粳稻育种研究进展则相对较缓慢。这一方面是由于北方气候与生态条件的限制，另一方面是育种技术相对落后。解决优势与生育期的矛盾、产量与品质的矛盾以及提高制种产量等问题，仍然是北方超级杂交粳稻育种所面临的严峻挑战。本文还讨论了与粳型超级稻育种有关的生理和遗传问题。 相似文献
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中国超级稻育种研究进展与前景 总被引：15，自引：0，他引：15
综合评述了中国超级稻育种研究进展与前景,认为培育和推广超级稻,是继株型改良和杂交稻育种之后,提高水稻综合生产能力,实现水稻单产水平进一步提高的重要途径。在"利用籼粳稻杂交创造新株型和强优势,通过复交优化性状组配聚合有利基因,选育理想株型与优势利用相结合的超级稻"育种理论与技术路线确立之后,在常规超级稻育种和超级杂交稻育种两方面都已取得重大突破,成功地创造出一批新株型优异种质,培育出一批优质抗病的超级稻新品种和新组合。这些超级稻新品种、新组合已广泛地应用于水稻生产实践,并已取得较好的增产效果。 相似文献
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Advances and Prospects in Breeding Japonica Rice for Super High Yield in the Northern China 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
CHEN Wen-fu XU Zheng-jin ZHANG Wen-zhong 《中国农业科学(英文版)》2007,6(10):1157-1165
In this paper, advances and prospects in breeding japonica rice for super high yield in the northern China were analyzed comprehensively in terms of breeding theories, techniques and practices. The author holds that developing and spreading super rice is an important way to enhance the overall yielding ability of japonica rice and attaining immense expansion of rice production. After theories and technical guidelines for super rice breeding were formulated, which involved the creation of new plant morphology and strong hybrid vigor through crossing indica with japonica subspecies, the optimization of combination of desirable traits via multiple crossing or backcrossing, the assemblage of favorable genes and the integration of ideal plant morphology with the utilization of vigor-major breakthroughs have been made in conventional breeding of japonica super rice. A batch of new super rice varieties marked by superior rice quality and high disease resistance, such as Shennong 265, Shennong 606, and Jijing 88, etc., have been developed and released. In comparison with the advancement in conventional breeding ef super rice, progress in hybrid japonica super rice breeding is slower because of climatic and ecological constraint in northern China. Therefore, solving the contradictions between vigor and growth duration, between yield and rice quality, and boosting vastly seed production are still serious challenges for breeders of hybrid japonica rice. Physiological and genetic problems in japonica super rice breeding are also discussed in this paper. 相似文献
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超级杂交稻育种的创新思维与实践 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
陈立云 《湖南农业大学学报(自然科学版)》2007,(Z1)
超级杂交稻育种的创新思维提出了超级杂交稻育种三步法设想,即超级亲本选育——超级杂交组合选育——超级杂交制种,并详细阐述了各步骤的标准和实现其目标的技术路线;提出了水稻光温敏不育机理新设想:即水稻光温敏核不育系育性转换是主效不育基因与其位置相近的发育感光基因或(和)发育感温基因相互作用的结果,不育基因位点(微效不育基因)可影响两用核不育系的不育起点温度的高低.按照超级杂交稻育种三步法的技术路线,成功选育了父本996和两用核不育系C815S两个超级杂交稻亲本,利用前者选育出适合长江中下游稻区作双季早稻种植的超级杂交早稻组合陆两优996,用后者选配出C两优87和C两优396等增产幅度大、极有应用前景的超级稻新组合.遵循水稻光温敏不育系选育的技术路线,育成C815S,P88S和9771S等实用的水稻两用核不育系. 相似文献
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水稻超高产育种的理论与实践 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
对国内外水稻超高产育种研究历史、现状和发展趋势进行了综合分析与评述,认为水稻单产水平已经历了由矮化育种和杂种优势利用带来的两次大的飞跃.进一步高产,难度将越来越大.第三次单产水平的飞跃将产生于以理想株型与优势利用相结合为导向的超高产育种.实践证明,利用籼粳稻亚种间杂交或地理远缘杂交创造株型变异和强优势,再通过优化性状组配将二者结合起来,是选育新株型超高产品种或杂交稻行之有效的途径.本文还简要介绍了北方粳稻超高产育种研究的进展情况. 相似文献