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1.
论北方杂交粳稻的中兴 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过多年的努力，北方杂交粳稻在育种理论和方法上已取得重大进展，利用粳爪交育成的秋光Ａ／Ｌ４２２、秀岭Ａ／Ｌ４２２、７９７１Ａ／Ｃ２６１等已初露锋芒，光敏ＬＳ２／９０２２、光温敏３１１１６５／９０２２、６０８５Ｓ／Ｌ４２２等二系法粳爪交、粳籼交新组合具有更大的亚种间杂种优势。这批新组合可比常规粳稻和粳稻组合增产１０％～２０％。北方生态条件具有光敏和光温敏不育系的良好表达环境，有可能在两系法的普及应用中走在全国的前列。可以预见，组合的更新将使北方杂交粳稻从此走出面积徘徊下降的困境。 相似文献
2.
水稻亚种间杂种优势的初步分析 总被引：3，自引：3，他引：3
木文分析５个广亲和系的广亲和性得出：以培矮６４为最好，其次是轮回４２２和０２４２８，较差的是培Ｃ３１１和ＣＰＳＬＯ１７。又对这 ５个广东和系所配的２３个组合的杂种优势进行分析，其增产原因主要是有效稳数、每穗粒数和每穗实粒数的提高。并认为６３５９５／培矮６４、６０８５５／培矮６４、５０４７５／轮回４２２和５００４－５Ｓ／０２４２８ ４个组合值得进一步测产鉴定。 相似文献
3.
通过分期播种，调查分析了９个水稻核不育系的不育性表现与其实用性。结果表明，９３０１Ｓ９３０２Ｓ，９３０３Ｓ和ＬＳ２Ｓ４份材料在沈阳自然光温条件下，表现不育期较长，不育性相对稳定，具有较好的利用价值。 相似文献
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5.
水稻光温敏核不育系育性转换的光温稳定性研究 总被引：13，自引：0，他引：13
光温敏核不育系的育性波动及其自身繁殖特性在品系之间是不同的．７００１Ｓ，１５４１ｓ、５０８８Ｓ、３１１１１Ｓ、Ｍ９０１Ｓ、培矮６４Ｓ、农垦５８Ｓ，８９０６５和ＨＮ５－２Ｓ的不育下限温度低，不育性对低温反应较稳定；双光Ｓ、农垦５８Ｓ、５０８８Ｓ、３１３０１Ｓ、３１１１１Ｓ、８９０２Ｓ和７００１Ｓ的上限可育温度较高，短日下不育系繁殖容易。７００１Ｓ和５０８８Ｓ是在长江流域稻区既能安全制种，又能稳定繁殖的优良光温敏不育系。 相似文献
6.
水稻广谱广亲和系零轮的选育与研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
利用不同遗传背景和文科亲和品种０２４２８和轮回４２２，通过广亲和基因累加法和加压选择法，选育出亲和谱和亲和力都超过双亲的广谱广亲和系零轮。并初步配出籼粳亚种组合测６４Ｓ／零轮，在湖南部分地区试种获得高产。 相似文献
7.
两系杂交稻优势生态型的初步研究 总被引：28，自引：3，他引：25
研究了培矮６４Ｓ和Ｎ４２２Ｓ与粳亚种中的东北粳、华北粳、日韩粳、云贵粳、非洲粳、美国稻及籼亚种中的云贵籼、太湖籼、华中籼和Ａｕｓ稻的杂种Ｆ１的产量及产量构成因素的杂种优势,初步确定美国稻、非洲粳、云贵粳以及华北粳中的改良品种是粳稻的优势生态型,太湖籼与云贵籼是籼稻的优势生态型。对籼粳优势生态型的产量优势进行比较发现,Ｎ４２２Ｓ／太湖籼低于Ｎ４２２Ｓ／美国稻,但与Ｎ４２２Ｓ／非洲粳和Ｎ４２２Ｓ／云贵粳相当;培矮６４Ｓ与粳稻优势生态型的优势强于与籼稻优势生态型的优势。两个不育系的优势比较表明,培矮６４Ｓ与各生态型的杂种优势强于Ｎ４２２Ｓ与各生态型的杂种优势。 相似文献
8.
水稻低温敏两用系新资源３６３Ｓ是从三系杂交稻威优６３Ｆ２代分离群体中筛选培育的，具有野败不育胞质，其不育性表现核质互作不育系的某些特点，又具有光温敏核不育性转换特点，在２４℃以下低温诱导表现稳定不育，２６℃以上高温诱导可育，这２种条件下其花粉育性与小穗育性表现一致。 相似文献
9.
安农810S的选育及初步研究 总被引：17，自引：3，他引：14
安农８１０Ｓ是以安农Ｓ－１为母本，水源２８７作父本杂交选育而成的温敏型为主的两用核不育系，该不育系育性转换的临界温度在日均温２４℃以下，历年稳定不育期在５０ｄ能度和不育株率为１００％，其株叶型好，田间抗性好，配合力强，米质优，异交习性优良，制种产量高。 相似文献
10.
利用轮回422杂交选育广亲和恢复系及其测配表现 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
１９８５－１９９０年，作者利用轮回４２２的广亲和基因，初步育成了具有不同生育期的偏粳广亲和恢复系，并与籼型不育系配制了一批强优势早、中、晚组合。本文对其代表性组合优势形成的途径进行了分析，并结合５年来选育的经验，探讨了克服釉粳交中存在的Ｆ１籽粒充实度不好的途径。对合理的稳位结构和株高，以及如何达到增产２０％的目标等提出了初步看法。 相似文献
11.
Joseph E. Laferriere Charles W. Weber Edwin A. Kohlhepp 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》1991,41(3):277-282
Teas of plant origin traditionally consumed by the Mountain Pima of Chihuahua, Mexico, were analyzed for mineral nutritional content. Fe, Cu, Zn, Ca, and Mg composition was determined for native teas made from shoots ofTagetes lucida, T. filifolia, Elytraria imbricata, andHolodiscus dumosus, and from root xylem ofCeanothus depressus andPhaseolus ritensis. Native uses of these teas are also described. 相似文献
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Lakshman Lal 《Potato Research》1987,30(2):329-334
Summary The effects of the leaves of five plant species, one from each of the generaAmbrosia, Anemone, Eupatorium, Eucalyptus andLantana, on potato tuber moth were investigated under indigenous storage conditions at the Central Potato Research Station, Shillong
(1800 m above sea level). Their action was compared with that of a biological insecticide (spores ofBacillus thuringiensis), a chemical insecticide (carbaryl), and an untreated control. The data collected after six months storage on tuber damage,
sprout damage and the rotting indicated that the leaves ofLantana aculeata provided most protection to the tubers, reducing damage from over 70% in the check to below 5%, and sprout damage from over
45% to below 3%. Next best wasEucalyptus globulus followed byB. thuringiensis. They may be used on tubers stored for table use or for seed as they had no adverse effect on germination or on the yield
of a subsequent crop. 相似文献
14.
《Journal of Crop Improvement》2013,27(2):81-114
Summary The efficiency of N fertilizers is usually poor; often less than 50% of the applied N is taken up by the crop. This review focuses on various N fertilizers with respect to the significance of different N loss pathways, namely (i) ammonia volatilization, (ii) dinitrogen and nitrogen oxide emissions, and (iii) nitrate leaching. Further, the significance of biological N immobilization, ammonium fixation and, finally, the impact of nitrate vs. ammonium uptake on crop yield are also discussed. The reviewed literature shows that N fertilizers may differ markedly in their susceptibility to losses. There is, however, considerable scope to improve N efficiency of each N source by proper N management practices. 相似文献
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16.
Tatiana G. Polotow Sandra C. Poppe Cristina V. Vardaris Douglas Ganini Maísa Guariroba Rita Mattei Elaine Hatanaka Maria F. Martins Eduardo F. Bondan Marcelo P. Barros 《Marine drugs》2015,13(10):6117-6137
Health authorities worldwide have consistently recommended the regular consumption of marine fishes and seafood to preserve memory, sustain cognitive functions, and prevent neurodegenerative processes in humans. Shrimp, crabs, lobster, and salmon are of particular interest in the human diet due to their substantial provision of omega-3 fatty acids (n-3/PUFAs) and the antioxidant carotenoid astaxanthin (ASTA). However, the optimal ratio between these nutraceuticals in natural sources is apparently the key factor for maximum protection against most neuro-motor disorders. Therefore, we aimed here to investigate the effects of a long-term supplementation with (n-3)/PUFAs-rich fish oil, ASTA-rich algal biomass, the combination of them, or krill oil (a natural combination of both nutrients) on baseline redox balance and neuro-inflammation indexes in cerebellum and motor cortex of Wistar rats. Significant changes in redox metabolism were only observed upon ASTA supplementation, which reinforce its antioxidant properties with a putative mitochondrial-centered action in rat brain. Krill oil imposed mild astrocyte activation in motor cortex of Wistar rats, although no redox or inflammatory index was concomitantly altered. In summary, there is no experimental evidence that krill oil, fish oil, oralgal biomass (minor variation), drastically change the baseline oxidative conditions or the neuro-inflammatory scenario in neuromotor-associated rat brain regions. 相似文献
17.
Youna Hemery Ulla Holopainen Anna-Maija Lampi Pekka Lehtinen Tanja Nurmi Vieno Piironen Minnamari Edelmann Xavier Rouau 《Journal of Cereal Science》2011
Wheat bran is a composite material made of several layers, such as pericarp, testa and aleurone. It could be fractionated into purified fractions, which might either be used as food ingredients, or serve as a starting material for extraction of bioactive compounds. The aim of this work was to evaluate the potential of using electrostatic separation as a way to obtain purified fractions from wheat bran. Ultrafine-ground bran obtained either by cryogenic grinding or by grinding at ambient temperature was used as starting material. The ultrafine bran was then charged by tribo-electrification and introduced in a chamber containing two high voltage electrodes, where bran particles were separated depending on their acquired charge, allowing positively and negatively charged fractions to be collected separately. The particle size distribution, microstructure and biochemical composition of the obtained fractions were studied. The charge of the particles was influenced by their biochemical composition: particles rich in highly branched and cross-linked arabinoxylans (pericarp) were separated from particles rich in β-glucan, ferulic acid and para-coumaric acid (aleurone cell walls). The testa and the intracellular compounds from aleurone were not highly charged, neither positively nor negatively. The most positively charged fraction represented 34% of the initial bran, and contained 62% of the ferulic acid present in the initial bran. The yield of the separation process was good (5.4% loss), and could be further increased. 相似文献
18.
Alexander N. Shikov Elena V. Flisyuk Ekaterina D. Obluchinskaya Olga N. Pozharitskaya 《Marine drugs》2020,18(11)
Marine organisms represent an excellent source of innovative compounds that have the potential for the development of new drugs. The pharmacokinetics of marine drugs has attracted increasing interest in recent decades due to its effective and potential contribution to the selection of rational dosage recommendations and the optimal use of the therapeutic arsenal. In general, pharmacokinetics studies how drugs change after administration via the processes of absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME). This review provides a summary of the pharmacokinetics studies of marine-derived active compounds, with a particular focus on their ADME. The pharmacokinetics of compounds derived from algae, crustaceans, sea cucumber, fungus, sea urchins, sponges, mollusks, tunicate, and bryozoan is discussed, and the pharmacokinetics data in human experiments are analyzed. In-depth characterization using pharmacokinetics is useful for obtaining information for understanding the molecular basis of pharmacological activity, for correct doses and treatment schemes selection, and for more effective drug application. Thus, an increase in pharmacokinetic research on marine-derived compounds is expected in the near future. 相似文献
19.
M. I. Siri P. Villanueva M. J. Pianzzola L. Franco Fraguas G. Galván M. Acosta F. Ferreira 《Potato Research》2004,47(3-4):127-138
Summary The in vitro antimicrobial activity of extracts from accessions ofSolanum commersonii Dun. collected in the south of Uruguay was investigated against five microorganisms including the pathogenRalstonia solanacearum. A total of 30 extracts corresponding to organic and aqueous extracts were studied. Interestingly, most of the positive results
for growth inhibition were againstR. solanacearum. The extracts were also analyzed for the presence of glycoalkaloids and lectins. Six of the ten aqueous extracts showed lectin
presence and a wide variation in the type and amounts of glycoalkaloids, was found. Results indicate that there is no clear
relationship between the antimicrobial activity against the five microorganisms screened and the presence or amounts of lectins
and glycoalkaloids, traditionally regarded as possible antimicrobial metabolites in theSolanum genus, which indicates the presence of as yet unidentified antimicrobial compounds. 相似文献
20.
Résumé
Fusarium culmorum et, dans une moindre mesure,F. avenaceum, F. sambucinum, Colletotrichum coccodes etCylindrocarpon sp. ont été isolés de tubercules entreposés en atmosphère contr?lée (AC) et atteints de pourriture grave. Des expériences
d'inoculation de tubercules avec 10 espèces ou variétés fongiques et conservation en AC à 8 et 10°C ont montré que: 1) les
champignons non pathogènes en atmosphère normale (ex.:Cylindrocarpon sp.) le devenaient en AC, 2) ceux qui étaient faiblement pathogènes en atmosphère normale étaient nettement plus virulents
en AC (ex.:F. culmorum), 3) les espèces ou variétés virulentes en conditions d'air normales (Fusarium sulphureum etPhoma exigua var.foveata) ne provoquaient pas de pourriture plus grave en AC et leur activité pouvait même être légérement freinée.
Summary The extensive rotting of tubers which occurred during storage trials in controlled atmospheres has led to a mycological and pathological study of the rots. The most frequently isolated species wasFusarium culmorum althoughF. avenaceum, F. Sambucinum, Coletotrichum coccodes and aCylindrocarpon sp. were also present. Tubers of cvs Bintje and Ulla were inoculated with 19 isolates of 10 fungal species or varieties associated with rotting of stored tubers (Table 1). The tubers were incubated at 8 or 10°C in normal or controlled (2% O2:1% CO2, 2% O2:6% CO2, 2% O2:12% CO2, 6% O2:6% CO2) atmospheres and the extent of rotting was determined a month later (Tables 2 and 3 and Fig. 2). Species which were weakly virulent in a normal atmosphere (variousFusarium spp. andPhoma exigua var.exigua) were clearly more aggressive in the controlled atmosphere and this was especially evident in the case ofF. culmorum. Species ot pathogenic in a normal atmosphere under experimental conditions (Colletotrichum coccodes, Cylindrocarpon sp.,Phoma eupyrena) caused rotting in the controlled atmosphere. The two species which were virulent in a normal atmosphere (F. sulphureum andP. exigua var.foveata) were also virulent in the controlled atmosphere and in some cases the extent of rotting was even less. As a general rule, rotting caused by weakly virulent fungi was greater in both cultivars in the controlled than in a normal atmosphere.
Zusammenfassung Eine starke F?ulnis von in Kontrotrollierter Atmosph?re gelagerten Kartoffelknollen veranlasste eine mykologische und pathologische Untersuchung. Der am h?ufigsten isolierte Pilz warFusarium culmorum. F. avenaceum, F. sambucinum, Colletotrichum coccodes undCylindrocarpon sp. wurden ebenfalls bestimmt. Neunzehn St?mme von 10 Pilzsorten oder-Arten welche bei Lagerf?ulnis vorkommen (Tab. 1) wurden auf Knollen der Sorten Bintje und Ulla inokuliert. Die Lagerung wurde bei 8 oder 10°C under Normalbedingungen oder kontrollierter Atmosph?re durchgeführt (2% O2:1% CO2, 2% O2:6% CO2, 2% O2:12% CO2, 6% O2:6% CO2). Der F?ulnisgrad (Abb. 1) wurde nach einem Monat bonitiert. Die Ergebnisse sind in den Tabellen 2 und 3 dargestellt und in der Abb. 2 illustriert. Unter in Normalbedingungen nur schwach virulente Arten (verschiedeneFusarien undPhoma exigua var. exigua) waren deutlich aktiver in kontrollierter Atmosph?re. Dies was besonders der Fall fürF. culmorum. Pilze, die im Versuch unter Normalbedingungen nicht pathogen waren (Colletotrichum coccodes, Cylindrocarpon sp., Phoma eupyrena), haben unter kontrollierter Atmosph?re Sch?den verursacht. Hingegen werden die beiden unter Normalbedingungen sehr pathogenen Arten (F. sulphureum undP., exigua var.foveata), durch kontrollierte Atmosph?re wenig beeinflusst. Es wurde sogar in einigen F?llen eine gewisse Verringerung des F?ulnisbefalls beobachtet. Ganz allgemein haben die getesteten kontrollierten Bedingungen die Entwicklung der Pilzf?ulnis an beiden Kartoffelsorten gef?rdert, speziell durch Pilzarten, welche unter Normal-bedingungen wenig Sch?den verursachen.相似文献