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1.
兽用狂犬病疫苗免疫犬的效果评价 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
据世界卫生组织（WHO）2004年报告，狂犬病已广泛流行于世界各地。目前约有90多个国家流行此病，而以亚、非、拉地区最为严重。自1997年至今，我国狂犬病对人的危害持续上升，其病死率和死亡人数均居人类各种法定报告传染病前2位之内，中国狂犬病病人约93％由家犬引起，6%由猫引起，另外还有为数不多的猪和老鼠引起。目前，狂犬病疫区呈由南向北扩展趋势。为了探索有效的预防和控制狂犬病发生的重要措施，本项目对2种兽用狂犬病（ERA株）活疫苗和3种进口兽用狂犬病灭活疫苗进行了免疫效果评价。 相似文献
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《当代畜牧》2016,(3)
为了了解不同种类的狂犬病灭活疫苗的免疫效果,笔者分别使用国产兽用狂犬病灭活疫苗(CTN-1株)和进口兽用狂犬病灭活疫苗(PasteurRIV株)对120条散养犬进行免疫。在免疫前和免疫后7 d、21 d、90 d、180 d、360 d分别采集犬血清,采用ELISA方法检测抗体水平。结果表明,使用国产灭活疫苗和进口灭活疫苗免疫,其在免疫前和免疫后7 d、21 d、90 d、180 d、360 d抗体阳性率,分别为0、86.7%、98.3%、98.3%、98.3%、86%和0、85%、100%、100%、100%、89.7%;免疫前、使用国产疫苗免疫、使用进口疫苗免疫,其抗体平均阳性率分别为0、93.6%和95%。分析表明,两种疫苗比较,免疫抗体产生峰值时间一致,衰减速度同步,免疫效果相当,都能够达到预防和控制狂犬病流行的目的。在犬狂犬病免疫工作中选择国产兽用狂犬病灭活疫苗(CTN-1株)还是进口兽用狂犬病灭活疫苗(Pasteur RIV株)取决于地区对免疫效果和价格两个因素的综合考量。 相似文献
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狂犬病（Rabies）是世界上影响人类健康最古老的疾病之一,最早的记载见于4300年前美索不达米亚(古王国,在今伊拉克境内)的埃什努纳(Eshnunna)。该病是由狂犬病病毒（Rabiesvirus, RV）引起的一种人兽共患传染病,亦称“恐水症”,俗称“疯狗病”。临床上主要表现出神经兴奋和意识障碍,患者最终因局部或全身麻痹而死。狂犬病的流行横跨非洲、美洲、澳洲、欧洲和亚洲,从温带到热带地区甚至极地都有该病的分布,威胁着各国公共卫生安全,尤其是在发展中国家,已形成了一个严重的公共健康问题。全球每年狂犬病死亡人数超过5.5万人,每10min就有1人死亡。发展中国家受狂犬病危害极大,每年有数百万人在被犬咬伤后需进行昂贵的疫苗接种。印度狂犬病死亡人数是全球最多的国家,其死亡人数每年超过2万(大约占36％)。中国狂犬病死亡人数虽连续5年呈下降趋势,但仍居世界第二位,2006年～2010年的狂犬病死亡人数分别为3293人、3303人、2466人、2213人、2048人;伊朗每年因病犬咬伤暴露而需要预防治疗的人数已超过20万;越南2007年因狂犬病造成131人死亡。世界卫生组织（World HealthOrganization,WHO）主管狂犬病的官员FMeslin曾说：“整个埃塞俄比亚的病例数按已建立的非常保守的数学模型统计应当在5000到10000之间,仅在首都亚的斯亚贝巴就有数百例狂犬病,而在巴基斯坦和孟加拉每年的狂犬病病例数在2000～5000之间”。印尼马鲁古省西南地区2012年爆发的狂犬病已造成至少50人死亡。 相似文献
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为提高我国狂犬病的综合防控能力,以陕西省韩城市、安徽省界首市以及贵州省桐梓县作为城市、农村、城乡结合部的代表区,项目组实施了狂犬病综合防控技术集成与示范项目。通过开展集成新型实用防控技术,落实大规模免疫、监测、宣传培训等措施,项目实施成效显著:犬只免疫率由项目实施前不足20%提升至92.06%;发病人数显著下降,疫情得到有效控制;3个项目区的狂犬病防控知识知晓率分别由项目实施前的40.3%、50.0%和86.3%提升至93.8%、95.0%和93.0%,公众对狂犬病认知度显著提升,营造了齐抓共管的良好社会氛围;整合锻炼狂犬病防治队伍,为防治工作储备了人才;社会关系更加和睦,生态环境得到改善。此外,项目区还提出了改进免疫标识、加强流浪犬管理的建议。 相似文献
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为了解上海市人间和畜间狂犬病流行状况以及犬免疫情况,探查感染来源和防控漏洞,采用摸底调查和数据分析方法开展调查,并分析流行原因。调查显示,自2009年以来,上海市几乎每年都有人间狂犬病病例出现;2019年5—6月发生的3起犬咬伤事件中,有2起确定感染来源为流浪犬;2011—2018年上海市免疫犬的狂犬病免疫合格率一直保持在75%以上,但2019年1—5月流浪犬猫的抗体阳性率仅为11.32%,远低70%的国际要求。结果表明,上海市流浪犬中存在狂犬病流行,并导致了人的发病死亡,它是上海市狂犬病流行的主要风险源。因此,要加强流浪犬的管理、监测和免疫,降低流浪犬的数量,提高流浪犬的免疫密度和免疫质量;加强防控技术培训和防治知识宣传,提高公众防范意识;完善相关法规,进一步明确相关部门的工作职责。本调查探明了上海市狂犬病流行的主要原因,并提出了可行性建议,为上海市控制和消灭狂犬病提供了参考。 相似文献
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为进一步评价兽用狂犬病灭活疫苗(CTN-1株)的安全性和免疫效力,本研究通过受试犬免疫后的临床观察、荧光抗体病毒中和试验(FAVN)检测血清中和抗体(NA)及攻毒保护性试验等方法进行检测。结果表明:试验犬接种该疫苗中试产品后无严重不良反应;5个批次的中试疫苗产品免疫效果稳定;免后第7 d,抗体阳转率97.5%,90%的免疫犬抗体达到有效保护水平;免后第360 d试验组的群体有效保护率开始下降,为90.5%;免后第390 d仍有83%的试验犬达到有效保护水平;采用狂犬病病毒(RV)街毒CNX8511株攻击免后第390 d随机抽样的30条免疫犬,其保护率达100%。结果证明,唐山怡安生物工程有限公司生产的兽用狂犬病灭活疫苗(CTN-1株)的临床免疫效力不低于同类进口疫苗,可以用于我国动物狂犬病的预防和控制。 相似文献
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《农村养殖技术》2012,(4):51
狂犬病仍然是严重危害我国人民健康的重要人畜共患传染病,我国人狂犬病发病死亡人数高居世界第二。近几年来经过各部门密切配合,采取综合防控措施,死亡人数已经明显下降,但是狂犬病仍在全国20多个省市自治区流行,每年被犬等动物咬伤而感染狂犬病的人数仍然超过千例。在我国死亡人数最多的三大传染病中,狂犬病死亡人数仅次于艾滋病,超过结核病名列第二。为继续加强狂犬病的防控工作,积极配合2011-2020国家中长期狂犬病防治规划的制定和实施,努力消除人间狂犬病,中华预防医学会、中国畜牧兽医学会和中国工作犬管理协会定于2012年5月17-18日在北京召开“2012中国狂犬病年会”。 相似文献
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Rassnick KM Gieger TL Williams LE Ruslander DM Northrup NC Kristal O Myers NC Moore AS 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2001,15(3):196-199
1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks. 相似文献
12.
Furosemide continuous rate infusion in the horse: evaluation of enhanced efficacy and reduced side effects 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Johansson AM Gardner SY Levine JF Papich MG LaFevers DH Fuquay LR Reagan VH Atkins CE 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2003,17(6):887-895
Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses. 相似文献
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Waruiru RM Thamsborg SM Nansen P Kyvsgaard NC Bogh HO Munyua WK Gathuma JM 《Tropical animal health and production》2001,33(3):173-187
The epidemiology of H. placei and of other gastrointestinal nematodes in yearling dairy cattle was examined on two farms in Kiambu District, central Kenya during each of 13 one-month periods from April 1993 to April 1994. On each farm, 32 newly weaned dairy calves were given a single dose of albendazole and then placed on experimental pastures. Twelve of the animals were designated for bi-monthly slaughter (n = 2) and analysis of worm population characteristics and 20 were designated for blood and faecal collection and for weighing. Two parasite-free tracer calves were grazed alongside the weaner calves each month throughout the study period and were also slaughtered for analysis of worm populations. Faecal egg counts, haematological and serum pepsinogen determinations, herbage larval counts, and animal live weight changes were recorded monthly. The study revealed that Haemonchus placei, Trichostrongylus axei, Cooperia spp. and Oesophagostomum radiatum were responsible for parasitic gastroenteritis and that H. placei was the predominant nematode present in the young cattle on both farms. Faecal egg counts from resident cattle and necropsy worm counts revealed that pasture larval levels were directly related to the amount of rainfall. The total worm burdens in the animals were highest during the rainy season (March–June and October–December) and lowest during the dry seasons (July–September and January–February). The very low recovery of immature larvae of H. placei from the tracer calves indicated that arrested development is not a feature of the life cycle of this parasite in central Kenya. The maintenance of the parasite population depended on continuous cycling of infection between the host and the pasture. The agroclimatic conditions of the study area were such that, in general, favourable weather conditions for the development and survival of the free-living stages of gastrointestinal nematodes existed all year round. 相似文献
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The occurrence of ectoparasites in sheep flocks is frequently reported but seldom quantified. Sheep production used to be a predominantly family activity in the state of Sa~o Paulo (Brazil), but it began to become a commercial activity in the past decade. Thus, information about the ectoparasites existing in sheep flocks has become necessary. The present data were obtained by means of questionnaires sent to all sheep breeders belonging to the `Associaça~o Paulista de Criadores de Ovinos' (ASPACO; Sa~o Paulo State Association of Sheep Breeders). Response reliability was tested by means of random visits paid to 10.6% of the respondents. Most of the properties (89.5%) reported the presence of one or more ectoparasites. Screw-worm (Cochliomyia hominivorax) was the most frequent ectoparasite (72.5%), followed by bot fly larvae (Dermatobia hominis, 45.0%), ticks (Amblyomma cajennense) and Boophilus microplus, 31.3%) and finally lice (Damalinia ovis, 13.8%). Combined infestations also occurred, the most common one being screw-worm with bot fly larvae (36.0%) followed by bot fly larvae with ticks (13.9%), screw-worm with ticks (9.3%), bot fly larvae with lice (6.9%), and ticks with lice (5.0%). The most common triple combination was screw-worm, bot fly larvae and ticks (12.8%). Breeds raised for meat or wool were attacked by bot fly larvae and ticks more often than other breeds. Lice were only absent from animals of indigenous breeds. The relationships among these ectoparasites are discussed in terms of sheep breeds, flock size, seasonality and the ectoparasitic combinations on the host. 相似文献
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Evaluation of biohydrogenation rate of canola vs. soya bean seeds as unsaturated fatty acids sources for ruminants in situ 
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下载免费PDF全文 S. Pashaei T. Ghoorchi A. Yamchi 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2016,100(2):211-216
An experiment was conducted to study disappearance of C14 to C18 fatty acids, lag times and biohydrogenation (BH) rates of C18 fatty acids of ground soya bean and canola seeds in situ. Three ruminally fistulated Dallagh sheep were used to determine ruminal BH of unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs). Differences in the disappearance of fatty acids through the bags and lag times were observed between the oilseeds. We saw that the longer the incubation time of the oilseeds in the rumen, the lower the content of C18:2 and C18:3. Significantly higher lag times for both C18:2 and C18:3 were observed in ground canola compared to ground soya bean. BH rates of C18:2 and C18:3 fatty acids in soya bean were three times higher than those of canola. These results suggest that the fatty acid profile of fat source can affect the BH of UFAs by rumen micro‐organisms. So that UFAs of canola had higher ability to escape from ruminal BH. It seems that fatty acid profile of ruminant products is more affected by canola seed compared to soya bean seed. 相似文献
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Serum biochemical values and the wet weight to dry weight ratios of tissues were determined in yaks in Shandan county of Gansu province. The liver, kidney, heart and muscle contents of seven elements in yaks were also analysed. Most serum biochemical values were similar to those of cattle, camels and sheep, but the calcium concentration was considerably above the normal range for other ruminants. The liver contained the highest concentrations of copper, manganese and cobalt and the kidney of selenium, iron and calcium.Abbreviations Alb
albumin
- ALT
alanine aminotransferase
- AST
aspartate aminotransferase
- BUN
blood urea nitrogen
- Chol
cholesterol
- Glob
globulin
- -GT
-glutamyl transpeptidase
- IP
inorganic phosphorus
- TP
total protein 相似文献
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A knowledge of the microbiological status of milk and of the different structures in the mammary glands has great importance
in elucidating the pathogenesis of mammary gland infections. The objective of this study was to evaluate the microbiological
status of various structures in the mammary glands from naturally infected dairy cows following slaughter. A total of 94 samples
of milk, 184 samples of mammary parenchyma, 168 samples of gland cisterns, and 168 samples of teat cisterns were collected
for microbiological examination. Microorganisms were detected in 59.9% of all samples, 67.0% of the milk samples, 70.1% of
the mammary parenchymas, 55.9% of the gland cisterns and 48.8% of the teat cistern samples. When all samples were considered,
coagulase-negative Staphylococcus were the most prevalent (35.7%) followed by coagulase-positive Staphylococcus (12.2%), Corynebacterium bovis (2.4%), Prototheca sp. (1.9%), and Streptococcus dysgalactiae (1.5%). There was a significantly higher occurrence of microorganisms in the milk and mammary parenchyma compared to the
gland cisterns and teat cisterns.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
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Four grass plots were sequentially contaminated with goat faeces containing known numbers of unembryonated eggs of predominantly Haemonchus contortus and Trichostrongylus spp. between October 1982 and April 1983. Four other plots were similarly contaminated with sheep faeces between February and May 1987. An additional plot was repeatedly contaminated with sheep faeces from February to April 1987. Populations of free-living stages in faeces and of infective larvae (L3) in the herbage were subsequently monitored until the end of April and June of 1983 and 1987 respectively. During February and May 1987 two control cultures of sheep faeces were incubated in the laboratory at 25°C–30°C and at a constant temperature of 50°C and the free-living development was also monitored. L3 developed very readily in the faeces cultured at 25°C–30°C and in those spread on a grass plot in October, at the end of the wet season, but developed less on the plot contaminated in May at the start of the wet season. Worm eggs in faeces deposited on plots during the hot dry season (December to April) or incubated at 50°C died and disintegrated after 24–48 h exposure to the high environmental temperatures. The results indicate that it is unlikely that gastrointestinal nematodes of sheep and goats can develop or survive on open pasture during the dry season in the Nigerian derived savanna zone. 相似文献
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Acute phase proteins in dogs naturally infected with the Giant Kidney Worm (Dioctophyme renale) 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 Elizabeth M. S. Schmidt Mads Kjelgaard‐Hansen Funmilola Thomas Asta Tvarijonaviciute José J. Cerón P. David Eckersall 《Veterinary clinical pathology / American Society for Veterinary Clinical Pathology》2016,45(4):657-664