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1.
Agronomic and fruit quality traits were evaluated and compared for three consecutive years on 1,111 seedlings coming from
15 peach and nectarine breeding crosses, grown under a Mediterranean climate. Significant differences among and within the
different progenies were found for most of the traits analyzed. The breeding population segregated for several Mendelian characters
such as peach or nectarine fruit, round or flat fruit, yellow or white flesh and freestone or clingstone. In addition, aborting
fruit and flat fruit trees were found in our progeny, and our data seem to support multi-allelic control of both flat shape
and aborting fruit. The variation within the progenies of some traits such as blooming and harvesting date, yield, fruit weight
and SSC was continuous, suggesting a polygenic inheritance. Relationships between qualitative pomological traits and these
agronomic and fruit quality parameters were also found. Valuable correlations among agronomic and fruit quality parameters
were found, although coefficients of variation depending on the progeny should be considered. In addition, principal component
analysis (PCA) revealed several relationships among quality traits in the evaluated progenies. Based on this evaluation, 26
outstanding genotypes were pre-selected from the initial breeding population for further studies. 相似文献
2.
为研究油蟠桃果实生长发育规律以及主要品质指标的形成和变化规律,以‘紫月’、‘新月’、‘美月’油蟠桃为试材,对果实发育过程中纵横径、单果重、可溶性总糖、可滴定酸、淀粉含量和落果进行研究。结果表明：‘紫月’、‘新月’、‘美月’果实发育规律基本符合核果类果实双“S”型曲线。随着果实的生长发育,‘新月’、‘美月’可溶性总糖含量变化呈逐步上升趋势,可滴定酸变化呈先升后降趋势,果实淀粉含量呈递减趋势。落果波相观察‘美月’有3次落果高峰;‘紫月’、‘新月’分别有2次落果高峰,且第一次落果期时间较长,可能与‘紫月’、‘新月’果实发育期比‘美月’短有关。总体看来,油蟠桃果实生长发育规律以及主要品质相关因子的变化规律与普通桃、油桃相似。 相似文献
3.
菠萝果实生长发育过程中营养品质的变化 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
以‘巴厘（Ananas comosusr cv. Yellow Mauritius）’、‘卡因（Ananas comosusr cv. Cayenne）’和‘台农11号（Ananas comosusr cv. Tainung 11）’3个菠萝品种的果实为试材, 进行果实发育过程中糖、酸以及维生素C含量的分析。结果表明：蔗糖、葡萄糖和果糖是菠萝果实的主要糖类;在果实发育早期,各糖分含量较低,随着果实生长速度减慢,糖含量迅速增加,在果实成熟期达到最大值;在成熟果实中,不同品种间糖份的比例有较大差异,其中,‘巴厘’为3.71:1.11:1,‘卡因’为2.67:0.74:1。菠萝果实中所含有机酸有柠檬酸、苹果酸、酒石酸、乙酸、草酸和马来酸;随着果实的发育,不同品种间有机酸的含量、比例以及变化规律有一定的差异;在成熟果实中有机酸含量由高到低依次,‘巴厘’为柠檬酸（约占65.7%）、苹果酸（约占24.9%）、乙酸、草酸和马来酸,酒石酸没有检测到,‘卡因’为柠檬酸（约占62.2%）、苹果酸（约占14.4%）、酒石酸、乙酸、草酸和马来酸。菠萝果实中也有较丰富的维生素C,不同品种维生素C含量差异较大,‘巴厘’最高（0.49mg/g）,‘卡因’次之（0.19mg/g）,‘台农11号’最低（0.11mg/g）。 相似文献
4.
5.
Physiological Response to Heat Stress During Seedling and Anthesis Stage in Tomato Genotypes Differing in Heat Tolerance 
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下载免费PDF全文 R. Zhou K. H. Kjær E. Rosenqvist X. Yu Z. Wu C.‐O. Ottosen 《Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science》2017,203(1):68-80
Tomato cultivars differ in their sensitivity to heat stress, and the sensitivity depends on the developmental stage of the plants. It is less known how heat stress affects tomato at the anthesis stage in terms of leaf physiology and fruit set and whether the ability of tomato to tolerate heat at different developmental stages is linked. To investigate photosynthetic gas exchange characteristics, carbohydrate content and fruit set during heat stress, a thermo‐tolerant cultivar (‘LA1994’) and a thermo‐sensitive cultivar (‘Aromata’) were studied at the seedling and anthesis stage. The photosynthetic parameters, maximum quantum efficiency of photosystem II (Fv/Fm), chlorophyll content, carbohydrate content and fruit set were determined in plants grown at 26/18 °C (control) and 36/28 °C (heat stress). The physiological responses including net photosynthetic rate (PN), chlorophyll content and Fv/Fm decreased in ‘Aromata’ at both developmental stages during heat stress, whereas they were unaltered in ‘LA1994’ during heat stress as compared to the respective control. This was accompanied by lower contents of glucose and fructose in mature leaves of ‘Aromata’ at the seedling stage under heat stress. In contrast, the glucose content increased while the fructose content was unaltered in mature leaves of ‘LA1994’ at the seedling stage under heat stress. High temperature induced a similar change in carbohydrate content in the young leaves of both cultivars at anthesis. The fructose and sucrose content were unaffected in the mature leaves of ‘Aromata’ but significantly increased in ‘LA1994’ under heat stress at anthesis. The heat stress treatment decreased pollen viability and inhibited fruit set due to flower wilting and abnormal abscission in ‘Aromata’, whereas fruit set was not inhibited in ‘LA1994’. A decrease in chlorophyll content, photosynthesis and carbohydrate content in the mature leaves of tomato could be related to fruit set failure at high temperature. The results show that physiological responses to heat stress at the seedling stage correspond with the responses at the anthesis stage, demonstrating that screening for heat stress sensitivity can be carried out in young plants. 相似文献
6.
设施桃果实品质发育生理研究 总被引：6，自引：1，他引：5
以设施栽培的曙光、早红珠、春捷为试材,研究了桃果实发育过程中,主要品质指标的变化动态。结果表明:维生素C、可溶性蛋白、果皮叶绿素和类胡萝卜素含量随着果实的发育呈下降趋势,总糖、可溶性固形物含量及糖酸比不断增加。可滴定酸、总糖、维生素C和类胡萝卜素含量均在果实接近成熟期迅速变化。果实中淀粉含量很低且呈下降趋势,只是在果实发育前期有所升高。果实中干物质含量变化在花后50d内变化趋势是由低到高,此后,三者呈现不规则变化。可溶性蛋白在果实内含量由高到低递减,前期降减程度最大,后期含量保持相对稳定,其变化规律与果实生长一致。 相似文献
7.
栽培桃与野生桃果实发育中山梨醇含量及其相关酶活性的变化 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
试验研究桃果实发育过程中,山梨醇含量及其相关酶活性的变化规律,探究其与裂核现象的可能关系。以栽培桃‘久保’和野生桃为试验材料,测定桃果实不同发育时期中果皮和内果皮的山梨醇含量以及与山梨醇代谢相关酶--山梨醇脱氢酶(SDH)和山梨醇氧化酶(SOX)活性的变化。在果实发育的第1个时期,‘久保’中果皮山梨醇含量整体趋势高于野生桃,SDH和SOX的活性低于野生桃,说明在幼果生长期,‘久保’中果皮内的山梨醇代谢较野生桃弱。在果实发育的第2个时期,对比‘久保’与野生桃内果皮,‘久保’的山梨醇含量高于野生桃,SDH的活性低于野生桃,说明在桃果实硬核期,野生桃内有较强的山梨醇代谢活性,从而有利于果糖的形成,为桃果核的木质化提供能量来源。在果实发育的第3个时期, ‘久保’中果皮内的山梨醇含量比野生桃要上升的快,表明‘久保’果实可能更多地利用外源糖供给,促进果实的迅速膨大。 相似文献
8.
桃果实发育过程中主要糖及有机酸含量的变化分析 总被引：14，自引：0，他引：14
为了研究桃果实发育过程中可溶性糖及有机酸的变化规律,以21份各类型桃种质为试材,采用高效液相色谱测定果实发育过程中主要糖和有机酸含量。发现蔗糖含量在所有试材中均呈前期平稳或小幅增长,成熟前30~50d快速积累的趋势,部分品种采前小幅降低;各品种柠檬酸含量也呈类似的变化,前期最高,花后10~30 d均有显著的大幅下降,此后出现小幅的升高后平稳,采前大部分品种降低。果糖、葡萄糖、山梨醇、苹果酸、奎尼酸品种间差异大,且无明显的变化趋势。通过相关性分析发现,果实发育过程中,各试材蔗糖与果实大小均呈显著的正相关,有20个品种的果糖和葡萄糖含量呈显著的相关性;果实成熟时风味与蔗糖、pH、糖酸比之间存在极显著的正相关,与总糖含量呈显著的正相关,与可滴定酸、苹果酸、总酸存在极显著的负相关。 相似文献
9.
Francesc Casañas Elena Pérez-Vega Antoni Almirall Marçal Plans Josep Sabaté Juan José Ferreira 《Euphytica》2013,190(2):279-288
The character of flat versus round fruit shape is controlled by a single gene (S/s) on chromosome 6 in peach [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch], with the flat fruit phenotype produced by the S/s heterozygous genotype. We used 16 simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers at the S/s region and physically mapped them in the peach sequence. Seven were mapped in the new F1 population from a cross between the two flat fruit cultivars 'UFO-3' and ‘Sweet Cap’ that segregated for the S/s gene. Fourteen of the SSRs were mapped in the Prunus reference map (T×E), of which seven had already been mapped and seven were added within this work. Our results confirmed the position of S/s on the distal part of chromosome 6. Thirteen of the initial 16 markers were also studied in a collection of flat (66) and round (39) cultivars, where some of the alleles were associated to the character and one of them, the 131 bp allele of marker UDP98-412, predicted in 98.4 % of the cases the flat shape. This allele was highly predictive of the flat fruit character in an additional collection of 100 cultivars, and is an useful tool for marker-assisted selection of flat peaches and nectarines, a trait that is becoming of increasing interest in breeding programs as consumption of these fruits is growing in the European market. 相似文献
10.
11.
Blueberry (Northern Highbush, cv ‘Brigitta’) and raspberry (cv ‘Maravilla’) fruit were subject to low dose gamma irradiation (0, 150, 400 and 1000 Gy) and stored at 0 °C for three or ten days (blueberry) and two or seven days (raspberry) to determine the effects of irradiation on fruit quality and nutritional and proximate contents. In general, none of the irradiation doses (≤1000 Gy) significantly affected blueberry or raspberry fruit quality (overall fruit quality, colour, firmness, weight loss, TSS, TA levels or TSS/TA ratio), or the nutritional or proximate content (ash, carbohydrate, dietary fibre, energy, moisture, protein, sodium, potassium, total sugars, fructose, ascorbic acid, monomeric anthocyanin, citric and malic acids). The length of time in storage affected some fruit quality and nutritional and proximate content parameters (such as overall fruit quality, firmness, weight loss, TA levels, dietary fibre, potassium, ascorbic acid, citric and malic acids), with longer storage periods resulting in lower quality fruit, irrespective of irradiation treatment. No interaction was detected between the effects of irradiation treatment and storage time, indicating that the storage effect was consistent for all irradiation doses on both blueberry and raspberry fruit quality. 相似文献
12.
采收期和品种对枣果实品质的影响* 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
以灵武长枣、冬枣和梨枣为试材,研究了不同采收期对灵武长枣果实品质的影响;以及在同一采收期下,灵武长枣、冬枣和梨枣在低温贮藏前后营养成分的变化规律。试验结果表明：灵武长枣在不同的采收期中,全红果的果肉硬度小于大半红果,头蓬果高于三蓬果;全红果的可溶性固形物、蔗糖、可溶性果胶含量均高于大半红果;三蓬果的葡萄糖、果糖含量高于头蓬果,头蓬全红果的蔗糖、总糖含量高于三蓬全红果;抗坏血酸含量在各个采收期变化不明显。同一采收期的灵武长枣、冬枣和梨枣,在贮藏95 d后,3个品种的果肉硬度、抗坏血酸、可溶性固形物、蔗糖、总糖均呈下降趋势,其中梨枣的果肉硬度、抗坏血酸含量下降均最多;灵武长枣采收时抗坏血酸含量最高且降解最少;冬枣蔗糖含量下降了88.5个百分点;灵武长枣、冬枣可滴定酸含量有所增加,而梨枣出现下降;冬枣的果糖上升了113.6个百分点,明显高于其它两个品种,是贮藏后风味更为浓甜的主要原因。 相似文献
13.
以大果、高糖、高可食率、果肉脆而不流汁为龙眼杂交育种的目标性状,对‘立冬本’和‘苗翘’龙眼正反杂交后代的果实进行分析,研究育种目标性状在后代中的表现及分布,结果表明：后代中平均单果重≥12 g、果实可溶性固形物含量≥22%、可食率≥68%的株数比例分别为25.93%、37.04%、28.57%,有30.36%和44.64%单株的果实果肉不流汁和质地脆。综合5个目标性状,同时具备2个性状的后代有30株,具备3个性状的有14株,具备4个性状的有3株,而5个目标性状全部具备的株数为0。 相似文献
14.
通过对翠冠梨不同栽培模式的处理,研究大棚和套袋栽培以及套袋果实除袋后对梨果实果皮色素、品质及主要营养成分的影响。结果表明：大棚和套袋栽培都降低了果皮叶绿素和类胡萝卜素的含量;大棚栽培增加了果实中果糖、淀粉、纤维素、维生素C、蛋白质、Fe等营养成分的含量,对果实品质和营养价值均有一定的提升作用;套袋栽培使果实单果重减小,营养成分也有所下降的趋势;套袋果实除袋后果皮色素和果锈明显增加,果实硬度显著减少,果实商品性大幅下降,没有应用价值。 相似文献
15.
Inheritance patterns for table grape sugars and organic acids were investigated on three cross offspring populations during
two successive years. Glucose and fructose were the predominant sugars in progeny berries with only trace amounts of sucrose.
Total sugar content showed additive inheritance and the broad-sense heritability ranged from 0.61 to 0.84. The means of progeny
sugar content were lower than mean parent values. Inheritance of malic acid was strongly additive and the broad-sense heritability
varied from 0.73 to 0.89. The means of progeny malic acid content were higher than mean parent values. Tartaric acid was mainly
controlled by non-additive effect and the broad-sense heritability varied from 0.59 to 0.84. The means of progeny tartaric
acid content were lower than mean parent values. Inheritance of the total acid content was strongly additive and was mainly
influenced by malic acid. The broad-sense heritability of total acid varied from 0.53 to 0.90. 相似文献
16.
Analysis of genotypic variation of sugar and acid contents in peaches and nectarines through the Principle Component Analysis 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
Genotypic variations and correlations were estimated for sugar and acid contents on afresh flesh weight basis in peach and
nectarine genotypes derived from a clone of a wild peach (Prunus davidiana) by three generations of crosses with commercial nectarine varieties. 107genotypes were studied in Avignon (France), 40 in
Gotheron (France), and 18 of them were common to both locations. Considerable variations in sugar and acid contents were found
among genotypes in both locations. Though location significantly affected sucrose, sorbitol and acid contents of the18 common
genotypes, principal component analysis (PCA) indicated that genotypic correlations among sugar and acid contents were stable
in both locations. Almost all sugars and acids analysed exhibited positive loadings for the first principal component (PC).
Variations of dry matter content among genotypes only partially explained this general trend as shown by the PCA on a dry
flesh weight basis. Glucose and fructose contents were closely correlated and were similar in amount inmost genotypes, while
fructose content was lower than glucose content in about 12% of the genotypes. A positive but loose relationship was found
between malic and citric acid contents in both locations. Likewise, sucrose, sorbitol and quinic acid contents were positively
associated. The first PC could be used as a general flavour component. In addition, three groups of closely associated variables
(fructose and glucose; malic and citric acids; sucrose, sorbitol and quinic acid) were detected through PCA.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
17.
不同品种梨汁中糖和有机酸含量测定及相关性分析 总被引：22，自引：0，他引：22
利用反相高效液相色谱法测定了不同品种梨汁中的糖和有机酸含量,并应用SAS统计软件对各种糖和有机酸含量之间的相关性进行了分析。结果表明,梨汁中的糖主要为果糖、葡萄糖和蔗糖,其中果糖和葡萄糖含量较高;不同品种梨汁中果糖、葡萄糖及总可溶性糖含量变异较小,相对稳定,果糖与葡萄糖、总可溶性糖之间表现出显著的相关性;有机酸有苹果酸、柠檬酸、琥珀酸、莽草酸、酒石酸、奎宁酸、乳酸和富马酸,以苹果酸含量最高;不同品种梨汁中各有机酸含量差别较大,其中琥珀酸与乳酸、富马酸,莽草酸与柠檬酸、奎宁酸的含量之间表现出极显著的相关性。 相似文献
18.
Pedro J. Martínez-García Cameron P. Peace Dan E. Parfitt Ebenezer A. Ogundiwin Jonathan Fresnedo-Ramírez Abhaya M. Dandekar Thomas M. Gradziel Carlos H. Crisosto 《Euphytica》2012,185(2):267-280
Chilling injury (CI) is a major physiological problem limiting consumption and export of peach and nectarine (Prunus persica (L.) Batsch). To clarify the genetic basis for chilling injury, inheritance of the major CI symptoms mealiness, flesh browning,
flesh bleeding, and flesh leatheriness were examined over three years in two related peach progenies. In addition, genetic
relationships among traits and the year-to-year variation in trait performance in these progenies were tracked. Both populations
also segregated for Freestone-Melting flesh (F-M) and yellow flesh. There were significant differences in CI symptoms among years. The major gene endoPG, which controls the
F-M locus, provides resistance to mealiness in non-melting flesh fruit. Only fruit with melting flesh can develop mealiness if
the tree possesses other genetic susceptibility factors and/or experiences inducing conditions. The F-M locus also greatly influences susceptibility to flesh bleeding, although the physiological mechanism for this disorder is
unclear and may be controlled by a different gene closely linked to endoPG. Unlike mealiness, flesh bleeding occurred primarily
in non-melting flesh fruit, particularly when the fruit is white-fleshed. Flesh browning incidence was greater in mealy fruit
and was not associated with flesh bleeding. Breeding for CI resistance is thus a viable long-term strategy to reduce losses
in the fresh and processed peach and nectarine industries. This study is an important first step to understanding genetic
control of CI symptoms in peach. 相似文献
19.
《Postharvest Biology and Technology》2006,39(1):69-74
The aim of this study was to dissect the physicochemical aspects of cell wall components in relation to chilling injury symptoms, expressed as flesh browning and postulated as internal breakdown in the present study, in a non-melting peach cultivar (Prunus persica L. Batsch, cv. Andross) during ripening after 4 weeks cold storage at 5 °C. Uronic acids, neutral sugars and cellulose contents were assayed in order to determine the correlation between them and flesh browning. Cation distribution in cell wall material and activities of pectin-modifying enzymes were also monitored. Uronic acid content was higher in both water-soluble and -insoluble pectin fractions in sound peach fruit compared to fruit with internal breakdown symptoms. The chilling-injured fruit were characterized by 26% higher content in total neutral sugars compared to sound fruit, which was mainly attributed to increased galactose, arabinose and glucose contents, whereas tissue derived from sound fruit had a 27% higher cellulose content compared to chilling-injured tissue. Decreased activities of both polygalacturonase and pectin methyl esterase, accompanied by decreased levels of cation binding in the cell walls, primarily of calcium, were recorded in the brown-fleshed tissue. Since the examined tissues originated from fruit subjected to common storage treatments, differences reported here are related to the development of internal breakdown symptoms. 相似文献
20.
T. Pascal F. Pfeiffer J. Kervella J. P. Lacroze M. H. Sauge W. E. Weber 《Plant Breeding》2002,121(5):459-461
The green peach aphid (GPA) is a serious pest of peach tree in many areas of the world. To date, only one GPA resistance gene has been assigned in peach. This study was initiated to determine the inheritance of GPA resistance in the red leaf peach rootstock cultivar ‘Rubira’. Crosses were made between ‘Rubira’ and the susceptible green leaf peach rootstock cultivar ‘Pamirskij 5′. Genetic analysis was performed on the parents, F1 and F2 progenies. Analyses of segregation patterns of plants in F1 (1:0) and F2 (3:1) indicated single dominant gene control of GPA resistance in ‘Rubira’. Reddish spots, probably due to aphid feeding punctures, are associated with, but not themselves responsible for, the GPA resistance in ‘Rubira’. No relationship was found between GPA resistance and the red leaf character of ‘Rubira’. 相似文献