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以100份玉米自交系为材料,通过对2019-2020年山西榆次和太谷两地百粒重数据的测定,计算最佳线性无偏差预测值,结合均匀分布于玉米基因组的44 935个SNP标记,基于GLM模型和FarmCPU模型对百粒重进行全基因组关联分析(Genome-wide association study,GWAS)。关联分析结果表明,共鉴定到25个与百粒重显著关联的SNP(P<2.324e-5),其中,关联位点1＿274302441、1＿298518163和9＿32699254位于已定位粒重QTL(Quantitative trait loci)的bin内。在显著SNP位点的连锁不平衡范围内共挖掘出28个候选基因,其中,GRMZM2G116640(乙酰氨基葡萄糖转移酶)、GRMZM2G048733(ABA受体蛋白)、GRMZM2G106424(14-3-3类蛋白)和GRMZM2G024104(谷氨酰胺合成酶)等是重要的百粒重候选基因。 相似文献
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较高的pH影响植物根系对磷和氮的吸收,是盐碱土壤导致产量降低的主要原因之一。研究表明,植物在盐碱胁迫下microRNAs(miRNAs)通过调控靶基因的表达,提高植物对盐碱耐受性。通过实时定量RT-PCR分析表明,zma-miR827主要在冠根和花丝等组织中表达。碱胁迫处理玉米幼苗后,zma-miR827随着处理时间呈现先增加后降低趋势。通过玉米基因组数据库分析,预测zma-miR827-3p有4个靶基因,其中,GRMZM2G166976受碱胁迫后呈现先升高后持续下降的表达趋势;GRMZM2G077531则呈现先下降后升高;GRMZM2G127374呈现先下降后上升再下降后上升最后下降至最低值的趋势;GRMZM2G013176呈现持续升高的趋势。通过构建进化树分析表明,zma-miR827与水稻(Oryza sativa)中参与磷调控的osa-miR827高度同源。 相似文献
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利用 253 份玉米自交系为关联群体，利用一般线性模型(GLM)、混合线性模型(MLM)、固定和随机模型交替概率统一(FarmCPU)和基因组相关预测集成工具(GAPIT)，分别对其子粒氮浓度进行全基因组关联分析。结果表明，共鉴定 25个与子粒氮浓度显著关联的 SNP(P<1.72E-05)。其中，GLM、FarmCPU和GAPIT方法分别检测到12、15和1个位点。S3_202120604、S1_2007087 47和S5_10258682在GLM和FarmCPU两种方法中均能检测到。Bin1.06、Bin3.07、Bin5.04、Bin1.07和Bin5.02可能是影响子粒氮浓度的重要区段。共挖掘30个相关候选基因，其中 Zm00001d031747、Zm00001d031749、Zm00001d031753、Zm00001d043502和Zm00001d01339等可能是影响玉米子粒氮浓度的关键候选基因。 相似文献
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小麦株高与植株倒伏密切相关,影响小麦产量。为挖掘小麦株高QTL位点和候选基因,从遗传和分子水平上解释株高分子机理,本研究将野生二粒小麦染色体臂置换系CASL7AS为母本,课题组自选株系浙农林12（简称ZNL12）为父本,杂交F1经过花培得到178个DH群体。通过4年2个种植点株高数据,利用55K SNP芯片构建高密度遗传图谱,对小麦株高性状进行QTL分析。该遗传连锁图谱包含3 655个SNP标记,长度为4 738.45 cM,标记间平均遗传距离为1.30 cM,覆盖了小麦21条染色体。其中,A、B、D染色体组分别含有标记1 466、1 492和697个。QTL分析共检测出53个QTL位点,分布于1A、3A、5A、7A、1B、3B、4B、5B、7B、2D、4D、6D和7D染色体上,可解释2.80%~38.50%表型变异。其中,稳定主效 QTL有2个,分别为QPh.zafu.4B-1和QPh.zafu.4D-1,其贡献率分别为25.18%~38.50%和20.67%。经细胞生物学分析,基因型为（0,2）矮秆植株胚芽鞘的表皮细胞长度显著短于基因型为（2,0）的高秆植株,基因型为（0,0）、（2,2）中间型的植株胚芽鞘表皮细胞长度无显著差异,由此推测小麦株高的变异由细胞长度因素决定。QPh.zafu.4B-1候选基因Rht-B1b基因编码区矮秆株系,第904核苷酸处发生碱基“C-T”的突变,形成终止密码子(CAG-TAG);而QPh.zafu.4D-1候选基因Rht-D1b基因编码区矮秆株系,第781核苷酸处碱基突变“G-T”,编码氨基酸中缬氨酸变为天冬氨酸。结果为小麦株高候选基因的筛选和QTL定位提供了优异的遗传位点和候选基因,未来可用于小麦抗倒伏相关的分子标记辅助育种。 相似文献
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应用候选基因定位水稻抗稻瘟病QTL 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：3
应用经克隆了的已知功能或有潜在功能的DNA序列,即候选基因，作为分子标记，在中156/谷梅2号F8重组自交系群体中进行水稻抗稻瘟病QTL的分析。大部分候选基因在水稻染色体上成簇分布，并且位于已知抗病基因簇区域。应用复合区间法检测到1个调控病斑大小和1个调控病斑数量的QTL，前者位于第1染色体CG36a~RM212区间，贡献率为4.17%，抗性等位基因来自父本谷梅2号；后者定位于第2染色体CG18a~RM263区间，贡献率为6.25%，抗性等位基因来自母本中156。同时检测到2对控制病叶面积和1对控制病斑大小的基因互作。这些QTL和互作基因涉及抗性基因同源序列、离子通道调控子以及编码致病相关蛋白和几丁质酶的基因，表明候选基因的应用有助于揭示QTL的功能。玉米锈病抗性基因Rp1与稻瘟病抗性有关，提示了利用水稻这个模式作物来克隆较大基因组中有利基因的可能性。 相似文献
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【目的】水稻分蘖角度是影响水稻产量的关键农艺性状,挖掘水稻分蘖角度QTL（基因）及其优势单倍型,有助于构建水稻理想株型。【方法】以333份来自水稻3K资源的核心种质为研究材料,于2020年和2022年分别在湖南农业大学耘园基地和春华基地种植,在抽穗期测量分蘖角度,结合基因型,利用TASSEL 5.2的MLM模型进行全基因组关联分析。【结果】共检测到6个分蘖角度QTL位点,分布在水稻2、5、6、9和12号染色体上,分别命名为qTA2、qTA5、qTA6.1、qTA6.2、qTA9和q TA12,这些QTL的表型贡献率为6.23%～16.22%。除了qTA9与分蘖角度主效QTLTAC1共定位外,其余5个QTL均为新的位点。进一步对5个QTL位点进行候选基因分析,初步筛选到qTA2和qTA6.1的候选基因别为Os02g0817900和Os06g0682800,候选基因Os02g0817900编码水稻细胞色素P450家族蛋白,候选基因Os06g0682800编码锌指结构域蛋白。【结论】本研究挖掘到新的水稻分蘖角度相关位点并对候选基因进行了分析,为分蘖角度新QTL（基因）的克隆以及分蘖角度的遗传... 相似文献
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大豆种子硬实度关乎食品与饲料加工。为提高大豆种子硬实度分子标记辅助选择的效率，发现相关候选基因，利用染色体片段代换系（chromosome segment substitution lines, CSSL）对大豆种子硬实性进行了两年的QTL定位研究，结合前人得到的25个种子硬实性QTL，利用MCScanX对整个大豆基因组进行分析，生成共线性区组，评估大豆种子硬实性QTL之间的共线性，确定了位于Gm02片段的中心QTL。利用多个数据库分析hub-QTL区段的基因，锚定了8个与大豆种子硬实性相关的候选基因。从CSSL群体中选择种子硬实性不同的两个品系和轮回亲本，用于随后的实时荧光定量PCR分析，发现候选基因Glyma.02G269400和Glyma.02G269500在CSSL群体中硬实性不同的2个品系及轮回亲本绥农14中的表达差异显著。Glyma.02G262600在绥农14中的相对表达量约是CSSL-136的5倍，而在CSSL-200中表达量中等，推测该基因抑制大豆种皮的形成。 相似文献
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利用三倍体胚乳遗传模型定位爆裂玉米子粒蛋白含量QTL 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
在两种环境条件下种植以普通玉米自交系丹232和爆裂玉米自交系N04为亲本构建的259个F23∶家系群体,采用SSR标记构建了包含183个标记的爆裂玉米遗传连锁图谱,覆盖玉米基因组1762.2cM,标记间平均距离为9.6cM。利用三倍体胚乳遗传模型和区间作图方法对子粒蛋白含量进行了QTL定位和效应分析。在春、夏播条件下均检测到6个QTL,分别位于第1、3、4、6、7和第8染色体上,其中春、夏播条件下都检测到的QTL有3个,可解释的表型总变异分别为42.85%和53.19%,单个QTL可解释的表型变异为4.50%～17.70%。表现为加性、部分显性、显性和超显性的QTL数目分别为2、2、2和6。3个QTL的增效基因均来自丹232,其余QTL的增效基因均来自N04。 相似文献
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Joseph E. Laferriere Charles W. Weber Edwin A. Kohlhepp 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》1991,41(3):277-282
Teas of plant origin traditionally consumed by the Mountain Pima of Chihuahua, Mexico, were analyzed for mineral nutritional content. Fe, Cu, Zn, Ca, and Mg composition was determined for native teas made from shoots ofTagetes lucida, T. filifolia, Elytraria imbricata, andHolodiscus dumosus, and from root xylem ofCeanothus depressus andPhaseolus ritensis. Native uses of these teas are also described. 相似文献
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Lakshman Lal 《Potato Research》1987,30(2):329-334
Summary The effects of the leaves of five plant species, one from each of the generaAmbrosia, Anemone, Eupatorium, Eucalyptus andLantana, on potato tuber moth were investigated under indigenous storage conditions at the Central Potato Research Station, Shillong
(1800 m above sea level). Their action was compared with that of a biological insecticide (spores ofBacillus thuringiensis), a chemical insecticide (carbaryl), and an untreated control. The data collected after six months storage on tuber damage,
sprout damage and the rotting indicated that the leaves ofLantana aculeata provided most protection to the tubers, reducing damage from over 70% in the check to below 5%, and sprout damage from over
45% to below 3%. Next best wasEucalyptus globulus followed byB. thuringiensis. They may be used on tubers stored for table use or for seed as they had no adverse effect on germination or on the yield
of a subsequent crop. 相似文献
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《Journal of Crop Improvement》2013,27(2):81-114
Summary The efficiency of N fertilizers is usually poor; often less than 50% of the applied N is taken up by the crop. This review focuses on various N fertilizers with respect to the significance of different N loss pathways, namely (i) ammonia volatilization, (ii) dinitrogen and nitrogen oxide emissions, and (iii) nitrate leaching. Further, the significance of biological N immobilization, ammonium fixation and, finally, the impact of nitrate vs. ammonium uptake on crop yield are also discussed. The reviewed literature shows that N fertilizers may differ markedly in their susceptibility to losses. There is, however, considerable scope to improve N efficiency of each N source by proper N management practices. 相似文献
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Tatiana G. Polotow Sandra C. Poppe Cristina V. Vardaris Douglas Ganini Maísa Guariroba Rita Mattei Elaine Hatanaka Maria F. Martins Eduardo F. Bondan Marcelo P. Barros 《Marine drugs》2015,13(10):6117-6137
Health authorities worldwide have consistently recommended the regular consumption of marine fishes and seafood to preserve memory, sustain cognitive functions, and prevent neurodegenerative processes in humans. Shrimp, crabs, lobster, and salmon are of particular interest in the human diet due to their substantial provision of omega-3 fatty acids (n-3/PUFAs) and the antioxidant carotenoid astaxanthin (ASTA). However, the optimal ratio between these nutraceuticals in natural sources is apparently the key factor for maximum protection against most neuro-motor disorders. Therefore, we aimed here to investigate the effects of a long-term supplementation with (n-3)/PUFAs-rich fish oil, ASTA-rich algal biomass, the combination of them, or krill oil (a natural combination of both nutrients) on baseline redox balance and neuro-inflammation indexes in cerebellum and motor cortex of Wistar rats. Significant changes in redox metabolism were only observed upon ASTA supplementation, which reinforce its antioxidant properties with a putative mitochondrial-centered action in rat brain. Krill oil imposed mild astrocyte activation in motor cortex of Wistar rats, although no redox or inflammatory index was concomitantly altered. In summary, there is no experimental evidence that krill oil, fish oil, oralgal biomass (minor variation), drastically change the baseline oxidative conditions or the neuro-inflammatory scenario in neuromotor-associated rat brain regions. 相似文献
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Youna Hemery Ulla Holopainen Anna-Maija Lampi Pekka Lehtinen Tanja Nurmi Vieno Piironen Minnamari Edelmann Xavier Rouau 《Journal of Cereal Science》2011
Wheat bran is a composite material made of several layers, such as pericarp, testa and aleurone. It could be fractionated into purified fractions, which might either be used as food ingredients, or serve as a starting material for extraction of bioactive compounds. The aim of this work was to evaluate the potential of using electrostatic separation as a way to obtain purified fractions from wheat bran. Ultrafine-ground bran obtained either by cryogenic grinding or by grinding at ambient temperature was used as starting material. The ultrafine bran was then charged by tribo-electrification and introduced in a chamber containing two high voltage electrodes, where bran particles were separated depending on their acquired charge, allowing positively and negatively charged fractions to be collected separately. The particle size distribution, microstructure and biochemical composition of the obtained fractions were studied. The charge of the particles was influenced by their biochemical composition: particles rich in highly branched and cross-linked arabinoxylans (pericarp) were separated from particles rich in β-glucan, ferulic acid and para-coumaric acid (aleurone cell walls). The testa and the intracellular compounds from aleurone were not highly charged, neither positively nor negatively. The most positively charged fraction represented 34% of the initial bran, and contained 62% of the ferulic acid present in the initial bran. The yield of the separation process was good (5.4% loss), and could be further increased. 相似文献
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M. I. Siri P. Villanueva M. J. Pianzzola L. Franco Fraguas G. Galván M. Acosta F. Ferreira 《Potato Research》2004,47(3-4):127-138
Summary The in vitro antimicrobial activity of extracts from accessions ofSolanum commersonii Dun. collected in the south of Uruguay was investigated against five microorganisms including the pathogenRalstonia solanacearum. A total of 30 extracts corresponding to organic and aqueous extracts were studied. Interestingly, most of the positive results
for growth inhibition were againstR. solanacearum. The extracts were also analyzed for the presence of glycoalkaloids and lectins. Six of the ten aqueous extracts showed lectin
presence and a wide variation in the type and amounts of glycoalkaloids, was found. Results indicate that there is no clear
relationship between the antimicrobial activity against the five microorganisms screened and the presence or amounts of lectins
and glycoalkaloids, traditionally regarded as possible antimicrobial metabolites in theSolanum genus, which indicates the presence of as yet unidentified antimicrobial compounds. 相似文献
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Novel food and non-food uses for sorghum and millets 总被引：4，自引：3，他引：4
Sorghum and millets have considerable potential in foods and beverages. As they are gluten-free they are suitable for coeliacs. Sorghum is also a potentially important source of nutraceuticals such antioxidant phenolics and cholesterol-lowering waxes. Cakes, cookies, pasta, a parboiled rice-like product and snack foods have been successfully produced from sorghum and, in some cases, millets. Wheat-free sorghum or millet bread remains the main challenge. Additives such as native and pre-gelatinised starches, hydrocolloids, fat, egg and rye pentosans improve bread quality. However, specific volumes are lower than those for wheat bread or gluten-free breads based on pure starches, and in many cases, breads tend to stale faster. Lager and stout beers with sorghum are brewed commercially. Sorghum's high-starch gelatinisation temperature and low beta-amylase activity remain problems with regard to complete substitution of barley malt with sorghum malt . The role of the sorghum endosperm matrix protein and cell wall components in limiting extract is a research focus. Brewing with millets is still at an experimental stage. Sorghum could be important for bioethanol and other bio-industrial products. Bioethanol research has focused on improving the economics of the process through cultivar selection, method development for low-quality grain and pre-processing to recover valuable by-products. Potential by-products such as the kafirin prolamin proteins and the pericarp wax have potential as bioplastic films and coatings for foods, primarily due to their hydrophobicity. 相似文献
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Tovar LR Olivos M Gutierrez ME 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》2008,63(4):189-194
Pulque is made by fermenting the agave sap or aguamiel of Agave atrovirens with a whole array of microorganisms present in the environment including several lactic acid bacteria and yeasts such as
Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Ascorbic acid was determined in pulque and aguamiel, respectively. Phytase activity in lees, liquid and freeze-dried pulque was assayed by measuring the appearance of phosphate from phytate by a colorimetric method likewise phosphate from phytate
present in fresh corn tortilla was measured after in vitro incubation with pulque. Iron, zinc, calcium, magnesium and selenium contents were measured in pulque and corn tortilla as well as in nixtamalized corn flour (NCF), the latter is used to make instant tortilla, since corn provides
most of the energy as well as most of the phytate in the Mexican rural diet. Pulque showed phytase activity but much less ascorbic acid and iron than previously reported; additionally, phytase in pulque hydrolyzed most of phytate’s corn tortilla. Lees, which is mostly made of pulque’s microbiota, significantly accumulated iron and zinc but no selenium. NCF was fortified with iron by the manufacturers but
poorly blended. There were significant differences on selenium content between tortillas samples, apparently some soils in
central Mexico are selenium deficient. Moderate pulque intake appears to increase the bioavailability of iron and zinc bound by phytate in corn. 相似文献