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1.
《大豆科学》2020,(4)
为验证淡紫拟青霉菌、镰孢菌属和厚垣轮枝菌对大豆胞囊线虫的抑制作用,实验室条件下探讨了3个属的12种供试菌株发酵液对大豆胞囊线虫3号生理小种胞囊、卵孵化的抑制作用和对2龄幼虫的致死作用。结果表明:这3个属的12个菌株的发酵液对大豆胞囊线虫各种虫态均有抑制作用,抑制线虫的胞囊和卵孵化,对二龄幼虫有致死作用。供试菌株发酵原液对胞囊孵化抑制率为57.5%～81.2%,稀释5倍、10倍、20倍和50倍发酵液对胞囊孵化也具有抑制作用,抑制率为23.0%～77.0%。发酵液对线虫卵孵化抑制率为41.6%～80.6%。菌株发酵液均对大豆胞囊线虫2龄幼虫具有致死作用,原液处理1 h有83.0%菌株对胞囊线虫幼虫出现致死毒性,48 h致死作用达到80.0%以上。供试菌株中以镰孢菌的F-9、淡紫拟青霉菌的P-E和厚垣轮枝菌V-25发酵液对大豆胞囊线虫抑制作用最显著,以此3种菌株进行盆栽试验的结果显示,真菌发酵液可降低盆栽大豆根部雌虫、胞囊、卵量和根内J2的密度,促进植物生长和增加大豆鲜重。 相似文献
2.
旱稻孢囊线虫生活史及侵染特性 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
以2龄幼虫人工接种水稻幼苗和田间定点调查的方法,研究了旱稻孢囊线虫的生活史和侵染特性。结果表明,在30℃下接种后24 h内,2龄幼虫大多聚集在根尖分生区或伸长区,接种后24 h可侵入根系,侵入后虫体在中柱建立取食点;接种后6 d,2 龄幼虫发育成白雌虫,8 d发育成雄虫,12 d雌虫从阴门处产生胶状物质,雌虫的一部分卵产于胶质卵囊中。接种后18 d,胶质卵囊中的2龄幼虫开始孵化。在30℃下,旱稻孢囊线虫从卵到卵的最短生活周期为22 d;从接种到2龄幼虫从胶质卵囊中孵出,最短生活周期为18 d。20℃下线虫发育缓慢。较高温度如28℃~35℃有利于2龄幼虫的侵染和发育。淹水条件不利于2龄幼虫的侵染,但对孢囊的发育无显著影响。 相似文献
3.
不同耕作方式对大豆胞囊线虫群体数量的影响 总被引：4，自引：4，他引：0
研究四种耕作方式(连作、轮作、水田改旱作和撂荒)对大豆苗期胞囊线虫群体数量的影响.研究结果表明,在黑龙江和辽宁两省,连作使大豆田土壤中胞囊数量显著增加,撂荒使大豆田土壤中胞囊积累数量最少,其次是水改旱和轮作.连作可促进大豆根上和根内胞囊线虫数量显著增加,随连作年限增加,根内胞囊线虫数量也显著增加.轮作条件下根上和根内大豆胞囊线虫的发生较连作少,但高于水改旱和撂荒,其中在3种轮作方式中玉米-玉米-大豆的轮作土壤中胞囊数量积累最少,根上和根内大豆胞囊线虫发生也较少.水改旱条件下,根上和根内大豆胞囊线虫的发生数量都很少.撂荒条件下,根上未发现胞囊线虫,而且根内胞囊线虫发生也很少.大豆种衣剂的施用在一定程度上能够抑制或干扰胞囊线虫的孵化与侵染. 相似文献
4.
5.
大豆胞囊线虫4号生理小种不同抗性材料根系分泌物对其抗病性的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
为研究大豆根系分泌物与大豆对胞囊线虫4号生理小种抗性的关系,以CBL黑豆(抗)和品75-14(感)为试材,收集其不同处理的根系分泌物,测定根系分泌物对胞囊线虫4号生理小种卵孵化的影响和对二龄幼虫的趋化性,并测定了根系分泌物中氨基酸成分及含量,分析了其与大豆对胞囊线虫4号生理小种抗性之间的相关性。结果表明:CBL黑豆根系分泌物能抑制线虫卵的孵化,而品75-14根系分泌物能刺激卵的孵化。品75-14根系分泌物对二龄幼虫趋化性影响显著大于CBL黑豆。在供试材料大豆根系分泌物中共检测出17种氨基酸。无论接种与否,品75-14根系分泌物中氨基酸总量高于CBL黑豆,是CBL黑豆根系分泌物中氨基酸总量的2倍多。与不接种对照相比,接种后CBL黑豆和品75-14根系分泌物氨基酸总量都表现为增加,且品75-14增幅大于CBL黑豆,品75-14根系分泌物中氨基酸总量增加了297.29μg·g-1FW,而CBL黑豆增加了191.15μg·g-1FW。根据氨基酸增幅及变化规律,将氨基酸分为3类:第一类为苯丙氨酸,与大豆对胞囊线虫4号小种的抗性呈正相关;第二类包含3种氨基酸,分别为苏氨酸、丝氨酸和蛋氨酸,与抗性不相关;第三类包含其余13种氨基酸,与抗性呈负相关。 相似文献
6.
不同大豆品种根系对大豆胞囊线虫趋化性的影响 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1
以4种不同抗性大豆品种为试材,研究了离体大豆胞囊线虫二龄幼虫对不同抗性大豆品种幼根和不同时期根系分泌物的趋化性.结果表明:在不同抗性不同苗龄大豆根系分泌物作用下,二龄幼虫在根系分泌物周围0～1 cm区间内的分布存在明显差异.感病品种辽豆10在根系分泌物周围0～1 cm区间内的平均分布率最高,达到12.21%,最高峰出现在6 d苗龄.而灰皮支黑豆等抗病品种对二龄幼虫的吸引高峰均出现在大豆出苗18 d后.研究二龄幼虫对离体幼根的趋性时发现,感病品种辽豆10的幼根对大豆胞囊线虫的二龄幼虫具有强烈的吸引性,而抗病品种灰皮支黑豆的幼根对大豆胞囊线虫的二龄幼虫具有排斥作用. 相似文献
7.
放线菌Snea49的种类鉴定及对胞囊线虫的活性评价 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
采用稀释分离法从辽宁沈阳市土壤中分离到1株放线菌Snea49.对Snea49进行了形态学特征、培养特征、生理生化特征及16S rDNA分析,初步鉴定为环状链霉菌(Streptomyces anulatus).利用离体测试法,研究了Snea49菌株代谢物不同倍数稀释液对大豆胞囊线虫的抑制作用.结果表明:10倍稀释液浓度下,该菌株对胞囊孵化的相对抑制率达82.60%,与无菌水对照差异显著.处理24h后,在1倍稀释液浓度下, 该菌株对2龄幼虫的校正死亡率是89.66%,各稀释浓度均与无菌水对照差异显著,该菌株有较高的杀线活性. 相似文献
8.
在大豆胞囊线虫(Heterodera glycines)自然衰退土壤中的胞囊线虫卵上分离得到6株厚垣轮枝菌(Verticillium chlamydosporium),实验室条件下,研究了该6株厚垣轮枝菌发酵液原液对大豆胞囊线虫卵孵化及对二龄幼虫(J2)活性的影响。结果表明,6株厚垣轮枝菌的发酵液原液对大豆胞囊线虫卵孵化均无明显的抑制作用;除了菌株E-13的发酵液对J2活性无影响外,其他5株对大豆胞囊线虫二龄幼虫(J2)活性均有强烈的抑制作用,尤其以E-7和E-8的作用最为明显,J2在作用24h后全部致死。 相似文献
9.
发光杆菌NJ代谢物对大豆胞囊线虫的作用研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为研究发光杆菌NJ菌株对大豆胞囊线虫的生防作用,测定了其代谢物原液及不同浓度稀释液对大豆胞囊线虫卵孵化及二龄幼虫活性的影响。结果表明,在原液、20%、10%、4%稀释液浓度下,对卵孵化的相对抑制率分别是97.30%、84.11%、32.09%、25.41%,与无菌水对照差异显著,而其它稀释度抑制率较低;对二龄幼虫24h的校正死亡率分别是100%、70.97%、50.41%、36.78%,均与无菌水对照差异显著。线虫死亡率随着时间的延长而增加,48h后,4%稀释液线虫校正死亡率高达63.82%,而2%稀释液线虫校正死亡率也达42.95%。72h后2%稀释液的线虫校正死亡率达61.73%。 相似文献
10.
玉米孢囊线虫病是我国玉米的新病害，对我国玉米生产存在潜在风险。通过生物学测定和盆栽试验，研究广西玉米孢囊线虫(Heterodera zeae)群体孵化特性、侵染规律和发育进程以及广西主栽玉米品种对该线虫群体的抗性。结果表明，玉米孢囊线虫在25℃～33℃均可孵化，33℃为最佳孵化温度；20℃和35℃条件下孢囊线虫的孵化率仅为4.6 %；15℃和40℃条件孢囊不孵化。30℃条件下，玉米孢囊线虫15～18 d完成1个生活史。广西主栽的16个玉米品种中仅有庆农13和万川973表现为高抗。 相似文献
11.
Alejandro Carlos Tozzini María Fernanda Ceriani María Verónica Saladrigas H. Esteban Hopp 《Potato Research》1991,34(3):317-324
Summary Clones derived from thirty-one different accessions (nineteen of Argentine origin) belonging to eightSolanum species were screened for resistance to infection by potato virus X strain cp (PVX cp) by mechanical inoculation of plantlets
that had been micropropagated in vitro. Estimates of PVX multiplication obtained by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay and
slot blot nucleic acid hybridization allowed the identification of resistant clones derived from five accessions belonging
toS. commersonii S. oplocense, S. sparsipilum andS. tuberosum andigena. Resistant genotypes supported PVX concentrations 5 to 15 times smaller than did the susceptible control cultivar Spunta.
Graft inoculation test confirmed the presence of extreme resistance similar to that conferred by the ‘immunity’ gene X1 (also called RXact). 相似文献
12.
Lakshman Lal 《Potato Research》1987,30(2):329-334
Summary The effects of the leaves of five plant species, one from each of the generaAmbrosia, Anemone, Eupatorium, Eucalyptus andLantana, on potato tuber moth were investigated under indigenous storage conditions at the Central Potato Research Station, Shillong
(1800 m above sea level). Their action was compared with that of a biological insecticide (spores ofBacillus thuringiensis), a chemical insecticide (carbaryl), and an untreated control. The data collected after six months storage on tuber damage,
sprout damage and the rotting indicated that the leaves ofLantana aculeata provided most protection to the tubers, reducing damage from over 70% in the check to below 5%, and sprout damage from over
45% to below 3%. Next best wasEucalyptus globulus followed byB. thuringiensis. They may be used on tubers stored for table use or for seed as they had no adverse effect on germination or on the yield
of a subsequent crop. 相似文献
13.
M. I. Siri P. Villanueva M. J. Pianzzola L. Franco Fraguas G. Galván M. Acosta F. Ferreira 《Potato Research》2004,47(3-4):127-138
Summary The in vitro antimicrobial activity of extracts from accessions ofSolanum commersonii Dun. collected in the south of Uruguay was investigated against five microorganisms including the pathogenRalstonia solanacearum. A total of 30 extracts corresponding to organic and aqueous extracts were studied. Interestingly, most of the positive results
for growth inhibition were againstR. solanacearum. The extracts were also analyzed for the presence of glycoalkaloids and lectins. Six of the ten aqueous extracts showed lectin
presence and a wide variation in the type and amounts of glycoalkaloids, was found. Results indicate that there is no clear
relationship between the antimicrobial activity against the five microorganisms screened and the presence or amounts of lectins
and glycoalkaloids, traditionally regarded as possible antimicrobial metabolites in theSolanum genus, which indicates the presence of as yet unidentified antimicrobial compounds. 相似文献
14.
先玉335、郑单958和京科968抗虫能力的比较研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以先玉335、郑单958、京科968为材料,以玉米螟(Ostrinia furnacalis)、黏虫(Mythimna separata)和禾谷缢管蚜(Rhopalosiphum padi)为供试昆虫,探究玉米品系大喇叭口期对玉米螟和黏虫及抽雄期对禾谷缢管蚜抗性差异,测定其主要抗虫化合物丁布类物质的含量。结果发现,京科968对玉米螟及禾谷缢管蚜抗性均高于另外两个品系;对黏虫的抗性,郑单958和京科968高于先玉335。大喇叭口期京科968中丁布类物质含量最高,抽雄期郑单958和京科968中主要丁布成分含量均高于先玉335,上述组织中丁布合成相关基因在郑单958及京科968中的表达量也均高于先玉335。本研究揭示杂交玉米抗虫性与抗性相关化合物含量及其相关基因表达间存在正向相关关系,为抗虫玉米分子育种提供理论参考。 相似文献
15.
Joseph E. Laferriere Charles W. Weber Edwin A. Kohlhepp 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》1991,41(3):277-282
Teas of plant origin traditionally consumed by the Mountain Pima of Chihuahua, Mexico, were analyzed for mineral nutritional content. Fe, Cu, Zn, Ca, and Mg composition was determined for native teas made from shoots ofTagetes lucida, T. filifolia, Elytraria imbricata, andHolodiscus dumosus, and from root xylem ofCeanothus depressus andPhaseolus ritensis. Native uses of these teas are also described. 相似文献
16.
Summary The viability of five pathogens was decreased by treatment with hot water when tested in vitro.Polyscytalum pustulans was most sensitive andRhizoctonia solani least sensitive.
Potato tubers were exposed to 55°C for 5 min in a commercial continuous hot water treatment plant using naturally contaminated
seed tubers and tubers which had been inoculated by dipping in comminuted cultures. The frequency of eyes colonised byP. pustulans, Helminthosporium solani, andR. solani was reduced to virtually zero and the effect persisted on tubers subsequently stored at 4°C and at 15°C for up to 16 wk.
Results withColletotrichum coccodes were inconclusive. Treatment suppressedPenicillium spp. which, however, rapidly recolonised the eyes during storage, leading to higher contamination levels in the treated than
in the untreated tubers. With tubers inoculated withPhoma foveata, good control was achieved when the incubation period before treatment was 10 d but not when the period was 42 d. 相似文献
17.
David Gramaje ngeles Aroca Rosa Raposo Jos García-Jimnez Josep Armengol 《Crop Protection》2009,28(12):1091-1097
The efficacy of fourteen selected fungicides against Phaeomoniella chlamydospora and Phaeoacremonium aleophilum was evaluated in vitro by mycelial growth and conidial germination assays. Azoxystrobin, carbendazim and tebuconazole were the most effective fungicides against P. chlamydospora, while carbendazim and didecyldimethylammonium chloride were the most effective against P. aleophilum. An assay was also conducted with cubiet, hydroxyquinoline sulphate and didecyldimethylammonium chloride to determine their potential to prevent infections caused by these pathogens during the hydration stage in grapevine propagation. The results of this experiment demonstrated that P. chlamydospora and P. aleophilum were able to infect healthy cuttings during the hydration stage and showed that didecyldimethylammonium chloride was consistently the best treatment as a disinfectant soak for grapevine cuttings. Additionally, semi-commercial trials were conducted in two grapevine nurseries to evaluate the effectiveness of several strategies with carbendazim, flusilazole and hydroxyquinoline sulphate at different nursery stages. Soaking planting material in carbendazim during the hydration stage was the most effective treatment since neither P. chlamydospora nor P. aleophilum were isolated from planting material in either nursery. 相似文献
18.
Summary Tubers of clones from a diploid hybrid population ofSolanum phureja andS. stenotomum were screened for resistance to tuber soft rot caused by strains ofErwinia carotovora subsp.atroseptica (Eca),E. carotovora subsp.carotovora (Ecc) andE. chrysanthemi (Ech). Significant, positive correlations between resistance to the different strains and species were observed, indicating
that screening for resistance to tuber soft rot could be accomplished by using just one of the three pathogens. Strains of
Ecc and Ech were found to be much more virulent than strains of Eca. Inoculating with Ecc and Ech resulted in more distinct
differences among susceptible, moderately resistant and resistant clones than inoculating with Eca. 相似文献
19.
D. R. Lynch R. L. Wastie H. E. Stewart G. R. Mackay G. D. Lyon A. Nachmias 《Potato Research》1991,34(3):297-304
Summary The phytotoxic components of the culture filtrate of the fungusAlternaria solani Sor, which causes early blight in potato, were used in this study to differentiate between resistant and susceptible genotypes
selected to represent a range of reactions when screened in the field. Detached leaflet assays, using spores and toxic metabolites
from the culture filtrate, were compared with field ratings and a whole-plant glasshouse test. Rank correlations between several
detached leaflet tests were highly significant (P<0.01) but the correlations between these tests and the glasshouse and field tests were poor. The disease ratings obtained
in the various tests were clustered into four groups and assigned to resistance classes. For many of the genotypes there was
a good correspondence between resistance classes for all test methods. Divergent results between tests were associated with
foliage maturity characteristics of the genotypes.
Contribution no. 3879050 of the Lethbridge Research Station. 相似文献
20.
为了明确淀粉芽孢杆菌B9601-Y2(Y2)的促生长机制,通过摇瓶培养,检测其溶磷解钾固氮活性;通过盆栽试验,探索Y2对玉米生长量和溶磷解钾量的影响。结果表明,在第7天时,Y2固氮量为2.9 mg/L,解钾量为13.5μg/mL;在第4天时,溶磷量达732μg/mL。与空白对照相比,Y2发酵液能增加玉米株高28.29%,根长27.21%,叶宽18.56%,鲜重80.93%,干重66.67%;提高土壤中速效氮、速效磷和速效钾含量分别为20.42%、111.01%和17.24%,提高植株氮、磷、钾含量45.46%、120.17%、68.45%。研究结果表明,Y2活化土壤中难溶性磷、钾和具有固氮能力,并能促进植株对氮、磷、钾营养的吸收利用。 相似文献