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兔病毒性出血症研究概况及前景 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
兔病毒性出血症(RHD)是由兔病毒性出血症病毒(RHDV)引起的一种急性、高度致死性传染病,对易感兔致病率可达90%,病死率高达100%。本文对兔病毒性出血症病毒的形态及理化特性、体外培养、分子生物学、病毒的检测和疫苗等方面做了系统深入综述,并提出了存在的问题及展望。 相似文献
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兔病毒性出血症(RHD)是由兔病毒性出血症病毒(RHDV)引起的兔的一种急性、烈性、毁灭性传染病,是危害我国养兔业健康发展的头号杀手,每年都给我国养兔业带来了巨大的经济损失。目前,RHD的综合防控仍以疫苗免疫接种为主,但常规的组织灭活疫苗存在成本高、抗原不易纯化、易散毒等自身的缺陷,随着基因工程技术和免疫学技术的日臻进步,近年来针对RHD的新型佐剂灭活疫苗、亚单位疫苗、活病毒载体疫苗、核酸疫苗等均得到了快速发展与完善,显示出了良好的应用前景。本文就近年来我国RHD常规疫苗与新型疫苗研究与应用的最新研究进展以及各种疫苗的优缺点进行全面论述,旨在为我国RHD疫苗的研究开发与应用提供参考资料,为我国RHD综合防控措施的制定提供参考依据。 相似文献
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李阳友 《畜牧兽医科技信息》2012,(6):6-8
兔病毒性出血症(RHD)是由兔病毒性出血症病毒(RHDV)引起的一种急性、高度致死性传染病,对易感兔致病率可达90%,致死率可达100%。本文对兔病毒性出血症的病原学、流行特点、检测方法等进行了综述,以期为其诊断和防治提供参考。 相似文献
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为了对南部县某兔场疑似兔出血症病毒(RHDV)NB毒株进行鉴定,试验采用血凝(HA)及血凝抑制(HI)试验、家兔接种试验、家兔免疫攻毒试验、VP60基因的同源性比对。结果显示:NB毒株能凝集人"O"型红细胞,HA效价为12 log2,其血凝性能被RHDV疫苗毒株AV33株的抗血清抑制;NB毒株注射健康非免家兔,家兔在48h内死亡,具有典型的兔病毒性出血症(RHD)的临床症状和病理变化;RHDV(AV33)组织灭活疫苗免疫家兔后,家兔能抵抗NB毒株的攻击;NB毒株与AV33毒株的VP60基因同源性为96.12%,氨基酸序列同源性为97.59%。 相似文献
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兔病毒性出血症基因工程疫苗的研究进展 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
兔病毒性出血症俗称兔瘟,它是由兔出血症病毒(Rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus,RHDV)引起的一种急性、烈性、高度接触性、致死性传染病。1984年中国首次报道了该病。RHDV曾是兔的一种毁灭性传染病,因给养兔业带来巨大的经济损失而备受养兔业的关注。1989年,世界动物卫生组织(OIE)将该病正式列为B类传染病,我国将其列为二类传染病。 相似文献
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兔病毒性出血症病毒保藏及其对疫苗效果的研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
将不同地区收集到的8株兔病毒性出血症典型病料，放在－30℃低温冰箱中分别保藏5年和10年，保藏期满后取样检测血凝效价，并用保藏5年的RHDV病料和2001年活化增殖的新鲜病料分别制成病毒疫苗。试验结果表明RHDV以病料形式（主要是肝、肺等脏器）保藏，在－30℃低温冰箱中，经5年后，病毒血凝效价稳定不变，保藏10年后总下降率为25％，但病毒效价仍大于2560，可用于疫苗生产，说明该商毒在上述条件下保藏5－10年病毒是比较稳定的，不同保藏年限的病料批量生产疫苗，安全性和免疫保护率均达到100％。 相似文献
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为建立一种快速的兔病毒性出血症病毒(rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus,RHDV)病原检测方法,本研究根据GenBank上登录的RHDV VP60基因序列,设计合成内外2对引物,优化PCR反应条件,建立了检测RHDV的巢式RT-PCR方法。该方法对兔轮状病毒、仙台病毒、健康兔肝脏组织的扩增结果均为阴性;该方法第1次扩增的敏感性是10 ng,第2次扩增的敏感性是0.1 ng,第2次比第1次扩增的敏感性高100倍。建立的巢式RT-PCR方法具有特异性强、敏感性高、重复性好等优点,可以准确快速检测出极低含量的RHDV,将为兔病毒性出血症的病原检测及分子流行病学调查等提供一种快速、简单、高效、特异、灵敏的检测方法。 相似文献
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旨在了解河南疑似兔出血症病毒2型(RHDV2)的感染情况,并对RHDV2的致病性进行初步分析。本研究采集病死兔的肝组织,利用微量血凝试验、RT-PCR扩增及测序、VP60基因系统进化树分析和动物回归试验进行病原鉴定。微量血凝试验结果显示,组织样本悬液能够凝集人“O”型血红细胞;RT-PCR扩增、测序及序列分析结果显示,检测到RHDV2特异性条带,片段大小为829 bp;系统进化树分析结果发现,分离的病毒与我国四川发现的首例RHDV2毒株SC2020/04的VP60基因相似性高达98.2%;临床病例的剖检显示病死兔胸腺、气管、肺、肝、脾、肾等实质性器官出血较为严重;动物回归试验发现攻毒组家兔死亡率为100%,平均死亡时间为65.8 h,RT-PCR扩增均检测到RHDV2特异性条带。本研究首次在河南兔场检测到RHDV2,为RHDV2的防控提供了科学参考。 相似文献
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兔出血症病毒（RHDV）研究进展 总被引：6，自引：1，他引：5
兔病毒性出血症 (RHD)是由兔出血症病毒（ RHDV）引起的一种高度接触传染性、急性、致死性传染病，以传染性极强、呼吸系统出血、肝坏死、实质脏器水肿、淤血及出血性变化为特征，其发病率和致死率都很高，是兔的一种毁灭性传染病。目前所有已测的兔的品种（系）都表现出对该病的易感性，但在自然条件下， RHDV只感染年龄较大的家兔， 2月龄以下的仔兔自然感染时一般不发病。该病自 1984年春在我国江苏无锡、江阴等县市首先暴发后，迅速流行蔓延开来，迄今为止，包括台湾地区在内的所有省份都有 RHD的流行报道。此后朝鲜于 1986年开始… 相似文献
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本试验旨在鉴定四川金堂某兔场疑似兔出血症病毒2型（RHDV2）感染疫情的病原,并分析病兔的病理组织学变化。利用血凝试验和RT-PCR检测病死兔内脏组织中的病原,取病变组织制作病理切片,观察分析各组织的病理组织学变化,同时应用病兔肝脏悬液感染幼兔,分析该毒株的致病力。血凝试验结果显示,所采集病死兔肝脏样品能凝集人"O"型血红细胞;RT-PCR扩增及测序结果显示,多对引物均能从样品中扩增出RHDV2特异性条带;病理组织学观察结果显示,病兔多脏器严重出血、肿胀,淋巴细胞和中性粒细胞大量浸润,气管黏膜、肝脏、肺脏出血尤为严重;动物试验结果显示,该毒株毒力较强,含毒肝脏悬液能在24 h内迅速致死幼兔。本研究经临床诊断、核酸检测及测序证实了此次疫情确由RHDV2感染引起,动物试验和病理组织学观察表明该毒株毒力较强,可引发脏器严重出血,造成病兔急性死亡,RHDV2的出现提示病毒的跨境传播情况不容乐观,应引起更大的重视。 相似文献
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Wang X Qiu L Hao H Zhang W Fu X Zhang H He S Zhang S Du E Yang Z 《Veterinary immunology and immunopathology》2012,145(1-2):277-282
Vaccine antigens for rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus (RHDV) are currently derived from inactivated RHDV obtained from the livers of experimentally infected rabbits or from several recombinant immunogens. However, the application of these vaccine antigens has been restricted because of biosecurity and immunity characteristics. In the current study, a recombinant adenovirus expressing the RHDV capsid protein (VP60) was constructed and the expression of the recombinant protein was identified through western blot analysis using RHDV-positive rabbit sera. Eighteen rabbits were immunized by injection, direct oral instillation, or using bait. They were challenged with RHDV isolate three weeks after boost immunization. In all cases, the rabbits immunized with the recombinant adenovirus developed RHDV-specific antibodies and cell immune response. The rabbits injected with the recombinant adenovirus were completely protected against RHDV challenge. The adenovirus expression system may provide a strategy for the immunization of rabbits, particularly for the control of RHDV in wild rabbits. 相似文献
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Teixeira L Marques RM Aguas AP Ferreira PG 《Veterinary immunology and immunopathology》2012,148(3-4):343-347
Rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus (RHDV) is the etiologic agent of rabbit hemorrhagic disease (RHD), an acute lethal infection that kills 90% of adult rabbits due to severe acute liver inflammation. Interestingly, young rabbits are naturally resistant to RHDV infection. Here, we have compared naturally occurring CD4(+)Foxp3(+) regulatory T cells (Tregs) between young and adult rabbits after infection by RHDV. The number and frequency of Tregs was decreased in the spleen of adult rabbits 24h after the RHDV infection; this was in contrast with the unchanged number and frequency of splenic Tregs found in young rabbits after the same infection. Also, serum levels of IL-10 and TGF-β were enhanced in the infected adult rabbits whereas no alteration was observed in infected young rabbits. However, this increase is accompanied by a burst of pro-inflammatory cytokines, but seems not able to prevent the death of the animals with severe acute liver inflammation in few days after infection. Since Tregs downregulate inflammation, we conclude that their decrease may contribute to the natural susceptibility of adult rabbits to RHDV infection. 相似文献
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猪瘟活疫苗(脾淋源)污染外源性兔出血症病毒的检测与启示 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
在进行2批猪瘟活疫苗（脾淋源）效力检验时,出现效力检验家兔突然死亡现象,为了查明家兔死亡原因,采用无菌检验、支原体检验、血凝试验、兔体中和试验、酶联免疫吸附试验（ELISA）对疫苗或注苗后死亡家兔肝脏、脾脏混合病料进行了检测。结果显示,疫苗的无菌检验、支原体检验结果均为阴性;疫苗及注射疫苗死亡家兔肝脏、脾脏混合病料具有较低的血凝价,血凝试验结果均为可疑;在兔体中和试验中,中和组家兔2／2健康存活,未中和的疫苗对照组家兔2／2死亡;疫苗及注射疫苗死亡后家兔肝脏、脾脏混合病料的ELISA检测结果均为阳性。检测结果证实疫苗中含有兔出血症病毒（Rabbit Haemorrhagic Disease Virus,RHDV）。猪瘟活疫苗（脾淋源）污染RHDV的现象启示：应该加强猪瘟活疫苗（脾淋源）抗原制备过程的控制;同时有必要对猪瘟活疫苗（脾淋源）质量标准进行修订使之进一步补充完善。 相似文献
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应用免疫组化PAP法检测了人工感染成年患兔、30～40日龄患兔以及自然感染患兔体内兔出血症病毒（RHDV）抗原的动态分布。结果表明,在成年患兔的肝、肾、脾、胃、十二指肠、睾丸以及幼兔的肝、肾、脾中检出了RHDV抗原;无论在成年或幼龄患兔,RHDV抗原主要位于受侵害细胞胞浆中,少部分位于核中;在成年患兔,RHDV抗原阳性细胞的数量随病程发展而增加,而在幼龄患兔,这种增加趋势不明显。本文还分析了RHDV抗原在患兔体内的动态分布与病变形成之间的关系。 相似文献
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Fernández E Toledo JR Chiong M Parra F Rodríguez E Montero C Méndez L Capucci L Farnós O 《Veterinary immunology and immunopathology》2011,142(3-4):179-188
Rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus (RHDV) is the etiological agent of a lethal and contagious disease of rabbits that remains as a serious problem worldwide. As this virus does not replicate in cell culture systems, the capsid protein gene has been expressed in heterologous hosts or inserted in replication-competent viruses in order to obtain non-conventional RHDV vaccines. However, due to technological or safety issues, current RHDV vaccines are still prepared from organs of infected rabbits. In this work, two human type 5 derived replication-defective adenoviruses encoding the rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus VP60 capsid protein were constructed. The recombinant protein was expressed as a multimer in mouse and rabbit cell lines at levels that ranged from approximately 120 to 160 mg/L of culture. Mice intravenously or subcutaneously inoculated with a single 10(8) gene transfer units (GTU) dose of the AdVP60 vector (designed for VP60 intracellular expression) seroconverted at days 7 and 14 post-immunization, respectively. This vector generated a stronger response than that obtained with a second vector (AdVP60sec) designed for VP60 secretion. Rabbits were then immunized by parenteral or mucosal routes with a single 10(9)GTU dose of the AdVP60 and the antibody response was evaluated using a competition ELISA specific for RHDV or RHDVa. Protective hemagglutination inhibition (HI) titers were also promptly detected and IgG antibodies corresponding with inhibition percentages over 85% persisted up to one year in all rabbits, independently of the immunization route employed. These levels were similar to those elicited with inactivated RHDV or with VP60 obtained from yeast or insect cells. IgA specific antibodies were only found in saliva of rabbits immunized by intranasal instillation. The feasibility of VP60 production and vaccination of rabbits with replication-defective adenoviral vectors was demonstrated. 相似文献
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Chen SY Chou CC Liu CI Shien JH 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2008,70(9):951-958
Rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus (RHDV) induced viral fulminant hepatitis in adult rabbits. We investigated the damage of renal function and electrolyte balance in experimentally infected rabbit by measuring the related serum parameters to elucidate the pathogenesis of RHDV as an index for medical treatment. Nineteen New Zealand White rabbits, ten females and nine males, were each intramuscularly inoculated with 0.5 ml 50% rabbit lethal dose (RLD(50)) rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus. Blood samples were collected at 0 hr post inoculation (HPI) and every 6 hr from 18 HPI repeatedly through 66 HPI. After virus inoculation, serum blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine (CREA) and sodium (Na(+)) were elevated to a highly significant level (p<0.0001), whereas serum potassium (K(+)) was moderately elevated to a significant level (p<0.05). Hypoglycemia developed highly significantly (p<0.0001). Serum chloride ion (Cl(-)) was the only parameter which did not change significantly (p=0.077). No significant sexual difference was observed among these parameters. Renal insufficiency progressed from 36 hr, as indicated by the increases in BUN and CREA; significant changes in electrolytes resulting in the increased osmolality of extracellular fluid that induced flow disturbance which consequently destroy the homeostasis in cells. Therefore, the later impairments in renal function and electrolyte balance might be an important threat for rabbits which might have survived from acute fulminant hepatitis in RHD. 相似文献